Excessive Load Research Articles

Overall and Local Wind Loads on Post-Installed Elevator Shaft of Existing Buildings

The glass curtain walls of post-installed elevator shafts in existing buildings can be damaged by local wind loads, and the serviceability of an elevator may be affected by excessive overall wind loads, especially in hurricane-prone areas. The overall and local wind load characteristics of elevator shafts with different arrangements (E-type, H-type, I-type) were studied using wind tunnel tests and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulations. Firstly, high-frequency base balance wind tunnel tests of these elevator shafts with three arrangements were carried out to obtain the overall wind loads on the elevator shafts. Secondly, a CFD simulation was performed on the post-installed elevator shafts with three arrangements, obtaining the surface local wind pressure distribution of the elevator shafts under different wind directions. Finally, the wind-induced displacement responses of post-installed elevator shafts were analyzed. The results show that the aerodynamic interference of different elevator arrangements (E-type, H-type, I-type) and wind directions have significant effects on the overall local wind loads and wind-induced responses of the post-installed elevator, while the local wind loads on the area of the elevator door are less influenced by the elevator arrangement type than local wind loads on the surface and the overall wind loads of the elevator shafts. The results and conclusions may be helpful for developing the wind-resistant design of a post-installed elevator shaft.

Relationship between the Serum Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Concentration against Degree of Knee Osteoarthritis Pain in Elderly Patients at the Public Health Service Clinic

This study aims to assess the relationship between the serum concentration of Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) and the degree of osteoarthritis pain in elderly patients. The study was conducted at a public health service clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University (UIN) Jakarta, Indonesia. The indexes used to assess patients with OA in the knee are the Western Ontario and Mcmaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Sampling using the cross-sectional technique as many as 146 respondents with elderly knee OA patients. First, a physical and radiological examination is performed to confirm the diagnosis of knee OA. Second, measuring the degree of pain WOMAC. Third, the measurement of the COMP serum concentration used the ELISA test. Based on the Spearman correlation test, it was found that there was a statistically significant relationship between the COMP serum concentration and the degree of knee OA pain with the WOMAC scale in the elderly (p = 0.012). From the results of the study, it is suggested that patients maintain effective health management. Elderly patients come to community health service clinics to carry out routine/periodic checks to reduce pain. The main reason is that there is no truly effective and consistent method to prevent and cure this disease, especially for patients with age-related risk factors, excessive joint load, and a history of joint injury. AO also has an impact on a person's psychosocial well-being. These findings contribute to the study of the risk of degenerative diseases and the use of biomarkers with a level of evidence that will be more valid in the future.

Numerical study on undrained multi-directional bearing capacity of hybrid subsea foundation

The traditional foundation design does not consider the bearing capacity under multi-directional coupling load. However, the foundation is usually subjected to vertical (V), horizontal (H) and moment (M) loading simultaneously on the seabed. The present study examines the undrained multi-directional bearing capacity of hybrid subsea foundation in saturated soft clay using finite element analysis. The contribution of the mudmat and the suction bucket to the bearing capacity of the hybrid subsea foundation was evaluated. The results show that the suction bucket can effectively make up for the lack of horizontal anti-slip and anti-overturning ability of the mudmat. It has a significant contribution to the horizontal and moment bearing capacity. In addition, the failure envelope of bearing capacity in horizontal-moment (H-M), vertical-horizontal (V-H), and vertical-moment (V-M) load space is obtained by using prescribed displacement ratio loading method. Based on the simulation results, the expression of approximate envelope of foundation bearing capacity under combined load of horizontal and moment is proposed. The study also found that a certain value of vertical load can increase the horizontal and moment bearing capacity of the hybrid subsea foundation, while excessive vertical load will lead to a decrease in bearing capacity.

Scenario optimization for the tokamak ramp-down phase in RAPTOR: Part B. safe termination of DEMO plasmas

An optimized plasma current ramp-down strategy is critical for safe and fast termination of plasma discharges in a tokamak demonstration fusion reactor (DEMO), both in planned and emergency scenarios, avoiding plasma disruptions and excessive heat loads to the first wall. Plasma stability limits and machine-specific technical requirements constrain the stable envelope through which the plasma must be navigated. Large amounts of auxiliary heating are required throughout the ramp-down phase, to avoid a radiative collapse in the presence of intrinsic tungsten and seeded xenon impurities, as quantitatively estimated in this work. As the plasma current is reduced, the current density becomes increasingly peaked, reflected by a growing value of the internal inductance ℓi3 , resulting in reduced controllability of the vertical position of the plasma. The feasibility of different plasma current ramp-down rates is tested by applying an automated optimization framework embedding the RAPTOR core transport solver. Optimal time traces for plasma current Ip(t) and plasma elongation κ(t) are proposed, to satisfy an Ip -dependent upper limit on the plasma internal inductance, as obtained from vertical stability studies using the CREATE-NL code, as well as a constraint on the time evolution of q 95, to avoid an ideal MHD mode. A negative current density near the plasma edge is observed in our simulations, even for the most conservative Ip ramp-down rate, indicating significant transient dynamics due to a large resistive time.

Towards reliability of load-bearing beams of bridges (Tomsk)

One of the criteria for assessing the reliability of load-bearing elements of bridges, are peak values of the temporary mobile load significantly exceeding the standard level of loading. Peak loads are interpreted as a continuous random process in the form of a random pulse sequence manifested after a random period of time and having a random duration.Purpose: The aim of the paper is to show changes in temporary mobile load over time in the form of a simple Poissonian flow, where the bridge load is independent, and repeatability and duration of the random load are independent random variables.Research findings: Three cases are considered to determine sufficiently low probability of destructive temporary mobile loads during the given normative service life of bridges. Based on the failure types, the average failure-free operation of the beam is determined as well as the operating time for a possible failure with a prolonged or specific excess load.

KAJIAN KARAKTERISTIK DAN DEFORMASI CAMPURAN AC-WC DENGAN PENGGUNAAN SUBTITUSI LIMBAH MARMER SEBAGAI FRAKSI AGREGAT KASAR

Repetitive and excessive load pressure by vehicles is one of the damages that occurs on road pavement deformation due to the pavement layer losing its strength, causing the road layer to subside and cracks to occur. Marble waste is the remaining waste acquired from the processing of the marbles. Environmental pollution is caused by the marble processing process. The marble waste produced is increasing gradually over time, therefore, it is needed to utilize that marble waste. The marble waste is expected to improve the quality and performance of the mixture in resisting deformation in the AC-WC mixture and has good mixture characteristics. This research aims to examine the cause of using marble waste on the characteristics and deformation of the mixture. The test in this research applies the marshall test and wheel tracking tool. The result showed that the characteristics of the mixture and KLMO, total deformation, deformation rate, and dynamic stability using KAO 6% and the Optimum Marble Waste Content (KLMO) obtained was 25%. The highest stability and Marshall Quatient were 1024.89 kg and 345.65 kg/mm at 25% marble waste variation. The lowest flow value in the mixture with 25% marble waste variation was 2.97 mm. The 25% variation has good mixture characteristics and durability. The smallest total deformation was 0.903 mm at 25% marble waste variation, dynamic stability 2864 passes/mm, and deformation rate 0.0147 mm/minute.

Impact of Position and Platinum Loading of Recombination Interlayers in Proton Exchange Membranes on the Anodic Hydrogen Content in Water Electrolysis

Hydrogen crossover through the membrane is a significant safety concern in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs). This issue is predominant at low loads, which contradicts the application of PEMWEs in conjunction with fluctuating renewable energy sources that require the electrolyzer to switch between low- and high-load operation. The risk of flammable or explosive oxygen-hydrogen mixtures on the anode side of the electrolyzer prevents the application of membranes as thin as in fuel cells, which results in relatively large Ohmic losses. A means to mitigate the accumulation of hydrogen in the oxygen compartment is the integration of platinum nanoparticles as a recombination catalyst interlayer within the membrane that catalyzes the recombination of hydrogen and oxygen to water. It was shown that such an interlayer effectively minimizes the hydrogen concentration on the anode side without reducing the cell performance.1 Thus, this technology can pave the way toward thinner membranes and more efficient electrolyzers.However, the interlayer should not increase the costs of the membrane electrode assembly by excessive Pt loading. Hence, we investigated the ideal position of this recombination interlayer within the membrane,2 and we performed a parameter study on the minimum required catalyst loading for an effective hydrogen-in-oxygen reduction.3 We find that the best position for the interlayer is close to the anode due to the lower oxygen permeability of the membrane. Also, a loading of 10 µg per cm² of platinum nanoparticles is sufficient to reduce the anodic hydrogen content from more than 2.5 vol.% (without interlayer) to approx. 0.5 vol.% when operating a PEMWE cell with a 110 µm thick membrane at 0.5 A/cm² and a differential pressure of 10 barc/1 bara. In summary, we are able to show that low platinum loadings within the membrane are sufficient to reduce the anodic hydrogen content in PEMWEs to safe values without impairing the electrochemical performance of the cell.References C. Klose, P. Trinke, T. Böhm, B. Bensmann, S. Vierrath, R. Hanke-Rauschenbach and S. Thiele, J. Electrochem. Soc., 165(16), F1271-F1277 (2018).A. Martin, D. Abbas, P. Trinke, T. Böhm, M. Bierling, B. Bensmann, S. Thiele and R. Hanke-Rauschenbach, J. Electrochem. Soc., 168(9), 94509 (2021).D. Abbas, A. Martin, P. Trinke, M. Bierling, B. Bensmann, S. Thiele, R. Hanke-Rauschenbach and T. Böhm, J. Electrochem. Soc., 169(12), 124514 (2022).

Sepsis-Associated Metabolites and Their Biotransformation by Intestinal Microbiota

High concentration of sepsis-associated aromatic microbial metabolites (AMM) stands as a prognostically unfavorable factor, indicating the progression of multiple organ dysfunction and an increased risk of death in patients with sepsis and septic shock. This study is based on a hypothesis that excess of sepsis-associated AMM in patients with sepsis is caused by metabolic alterations (dysfunction) in the intestinal microbiota.The aim of this study was to compare the potential of normobiota and pathobiota to bio-transform sepsis-associated metabolites of aromatic amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine, such as phenyllactic acid(PhLA) and 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (4-HPhLA).Materials and methods. Samples of intestinal contents of patients with septic shock (N=10, pathobiota) and healthy volunteers (N=9, normobiota) were placed in test tubes with the omnipurpose thioglycol medium. The clinical model of excessive inflow of sepsis-associated AMM into the intestine (for example, from blood or sites of inflammation) was reproduced in the in vitro experiment by adding PhLA or 4-HPhLA in clinically significant concentrations (25 mkM) into each test tube with pathobiota and normobiota. After incubation in a thermostat (37°, 24 hours), AMМ concentrations were measured in the samples with pathobiota and normobiota using GC-MS analysis.Results. Concentration of AMM decreased within 24 hours in the tubes with normobiota after PhLA or 4-HPhLA were added. In the tubes with pathobiota, no decrease in AMM concentrations was documented after loading with PhLA or 4-HPhLA. Concentrations of PhLA (P=0.002) and 4-HPhLA (P0.001) were statistically significantly higher in pathobiota samples compared to normobiota.Conclusion. The in vitro experiment demonstrates that after excessive load with sepsis-associated metabolites (PhLA, 4-HPhLA), the microbiota of healthy people is capable to bio-transform such metabolites to the end products of microbial metabolism, while pathobiota of septic patients exhibits altered biotransformational potential. This data demonstrate that microbiota dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of sepsis.

Wearable systems without experiential disruptions: exploring the impact of device feedback changes on explicit awareness, physiological synchrony, sense of agency, and device-body ownership

Technologies on the body that require explicit awareness to be operated or monitored often risk disrupting human awareness and induce stress and excessive cognitive load. With the increasing interest in body-centric technologies, it is thus essential to understand how to build technologies that interface with human awareness without disrupting or requiring too many cognitive resources. In this paper, we build and evaluate a wearable system that uses different feedback types to alter human awareness (of the device). We further demonstrate how this awareness impacts cognitive load, sense of body-ownership, and sense of agency, which are often essential antecedents to successful and continued use. Moreover, we further investigate physiological signals, such as physiological synchrony, as well as qualitative reports in a multimodal analysis. Our results show that devices that provide feedback that deviate from expected behavior tend to generate higher amounts of explicit awareness, and that such increased awareness correlates with increased cognitive load, lower sense of agency and lower sense of body-ownership. Moreover, we find that interoceptive acuity correlates with diminished sense of agency. We discuss their implications for designing wearable body-centric systems that induce or disrupt different levels of awareness to deliver or diminish a sense of body-ownership and agency over the system.

Advancing Aircraft Safety through CAx-Enhanced Digitalization and Thermal Stress Testing Methodologies: A Comprehensive Approach

Safety is of utmost importance in air transport, and the quality and durability of aircraft construction materials play a significant role in ensuring overall safety. The right technology and methodology for designing, simulating, and testing aircraft components can simplify the process, digitize components, and utilize non-destructive testing methods to increase safety. This article focuses on the digitization, creation of a 3D model, and testing of a small jet engine, MPM-20. Using a 3D scanner and position markers, the authors created a 3D digital model of the engine and adjusted it to the desired state using computer-aided technologies (CAx). Thermo-spectral analysis was then performed on the real object using a thermal camera and associated software. It was found that the engine’s structural integrity was not compromised by excessive thermal load in the specified spatial points. The methodology used can be applied to a wide range of aircraft components, improving their digitization, modification, and stress-testing.

Growth of the water fleas Daphnia magna (Straus, 1820) at different trophic levels of two small urban lakes in Indonesia

Nutrient enrichment in waters that has become a major environmental problem is related to excessive loading of nutrients into aquatic ecosystems. This nutrient enrichment, called eutrophication, favors phytoplankton growth, which can function as a natural daphnid feed. This study examined the growth performance of the water fleas Daphnia magna in water collected from small lakes (ponds) of different trophic levels. The water was taken from Situ Rawa Kalong, considered eutrophic from its dark green color, and the less eutrophic Situ Cibuntu with relatively clear water. Daphnids were grown in six aquaria filled with water from both ponds without artificial feeding with an initial density of five individuals/L. Samples of daphnids were taken every three to four days to observe their growth and reproduction, along with water samples to analyze the chlorophyll content and total suspended solids (TSS). The result showed that the eutrophic water of Situ Rawa Kalong favored phytoplankton growth, indicated by a consistently higher chlorophyll content in the water ranging from 35.3 to 140.7 μg/L compared to less eutrophic water of Situ Cibuntu with chlorophyll content ranging from 1.4 to 13.2 μg/L throughout the experiment. A much higher daphnid density of 151.7 individuals/L was achieved with more water chlorophyll content, meaning phytoplankton availability became a controlling factor for daphnid growth in the pond waters. This study reveals the functional relationships in the food chain between the water trophic level, the abundance of phytoplankton as the primary producer, and daphnids as the first-order predator. It also suggests that the open water trophic level can be managed to favor the daphnid growth, which can then be harvested for use as natural feed.

Material mechanics properties and critical analyses of fish farm netting and trusses

Fish farms face the risk of aquaculture failure due to prolonged operation and the excessive loads caused by typhoons. Aging tests conducted for this study using salt spray, humid heat, and xenon lamps confirm that netting performance significantly declines compared to that of unused nets. The seawater-exposed portion of the netting in the dry–wet separation area is especially susceptible to damage. After three years of natural aging, the netting retains 48% of its original strength, and its elongation at break decreases from 90% to 32%. Under a standard load of 20 N, the equivalent wire model's maximum wear length is 205 m. The fishing net is prone to wear because of sliding friction with the truss. The net opening may fracture when loaded with 1000 N, with a maximum stress of 36.40 MPa at the corners. The netting's fatigue life decreases sharply when the vibration force exceeds 60% of its maximum strength. Moreover, risk analysis shows that fish farms with single-point mooring can successfully withstand a tension of 1256.72 kN during super-typhoons. In redesigned models, buoyancy tanks decrease current resistance, and trapezoidal fishing nets with an increasing slope along the truss column effectively reduce wear.

Seismic Response Effect on Base-Isolated Rigid Structures by Mass Eccentricity in Nuclear Plants

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the seismic response effect caused by the mass eccentricity of individual equipment when conducting base isolation for the improvement of the seismic performance of a nuclear power plant. Recent research has interpreted and confirmed through analysis and testing that base isolation for safety-related equipment in nuclear power plants is an efficient alternative to designing for excessive seismic loads. Depending on the equipment, unavoidable mass eccentricity can occur, which necessitates verification of the response impact caused by eccentricity. In this paper, we analyze the seismic response impact of equipment with mass eccentricity using small base isolators. To do so, sensitivity analysis of the seismic response due to mass eccentricity is conducted for a base-isolated concentrated mass model. Furthermore, three efficient mass eccentricity models suitable for testing are designed and manufactured. Simulation analyses using the finite element method (FEM) models are performed, followed by three-axis shake table tests to validate the seismic response impact of mass eccentricity. In conclusion, it is confirmed that applying small base isolators to equipment with mass eccentricity can affect seismic response impact to some extent when compared for a beyond-design-basis earthquake (BDBE).

Effectiveness of simulation-based cesarean section education on improving non-physician clinician midwife’s competency in performing cesarean section in Ethiopia: a quasi-experimental study

BackgroundSimulation-based education enhances fundamental and clinical knowledge, procedural abilities, teamwork, and communication skills, as well as quality of care and patient safety. Due to excessive clinical loads and a lack of physicians, even classic teaching methods like bedside instruction are constrained in low-income settings. Thus, this study aimed to ascertain if simulation-based cesarean section education successfully raises non-physician clinician midwives’ competency in Ethiopia.MethodsA quasi-experimental study design triangulated with a qualitative design was implemented. Sixty Masters Clinical Midwifery students (29 intervention and 31 control) were taken in 5 universities. Three questionnaires (knowledge, confidence levels, and skills) were used. Qualitative data was also collected from 14 participants. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted. P < 0.05 was used for statistical significance. A difference-in-difference with a 95% confidence level was employed to control the potential confounders for knowledge and self-confidence. Multiple linear regression was fitted to identify the independent effect of simulation-based education interventions while controlling for other variables. Thematic analysis was performed using MAXQDA 2020.ResultThe age of the respondents varies from 24 to 34 years, with the control group’s mean age being 28.8 (± 2.3) years and the intervention group’s mean age being 27.2 (± 2.01) years. The intervention and control groups’ pre-intervention and post-intervention knowledge scores showed a statistically significant difference. There was a substantial increase in self-confidence mean scores in both the intervention and control groups and between the pre-intervention and post-intervention periods in both the intervention and control groups. Furthermore, there was a substantial improvement in cesarean section skills in the intervention group as compared to the control group (59.6 (3.3) vs. 51.5 (4.8). The qualitative findings supported these.ConclusionsThe study showed that simulation-based education improved students’ procedural knowledge, self-confidence, and skills. As a result, professional care teams can create simulation-based teaching packages to help students prepare for their residency.

Respiro dell'acqua ad Ho Chi Minh city

The research entitled Flood Risk Management Prevention, Adaptation and Resilient Strategies in Ho Chi Minh city, the partial outcomes of which are presented in this text, is framed within the Projects of Great International Relevance of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation for the consolidation of bilateral relations between Italy and Vietnam. The University of Trento, the IUAV University of Venice and the Vietnam National University are working together to propose alternative landscape and hydraulic scenarios to face the challenges posed by the excessive anthropic load and climate change that squeeze and weaken the river landscape of the metropolis, not allowing the fragile lacustrine territories to breathe adequately.

Development of deep-learning models for real-time anaerobic threshold and peak VO2 prediction during cardiopulmonary exercise testing.

Exercise intolerance is a clinical feature of patients with heart failure (HF). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is the first-line examination for assessing exercise capacity in patients with HF. However, the need for extensive experience in assessing anaerobic threshold (AT) and the potential risk associated with the excessive exercise load when measuring peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) limit the utility of CPET. This study aimed to use deep-learning approaches to identify AT in real time during testing (defined as real-time AT) and to predict peak VO2 at real-time AT. This study included the time-series data of CPET recorded at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital. Two deep neural network models were developed to: (i) estimate the AT probability using breath-by-breath data and (ii) predict peak VO2 using the data at the real-time AT. The eligible CPET contained 1472 records of 1053 participants aged 18-90 years and 20% were used for model evaluation. The developed model identified real-time AT with 0.82 for correlation coefficient (Corr) and 1.20 mL/kg/min for mean absolute error (MAE), and the corresponding AT time with 0.86 for Corr and 0.66 min for MAE. The peak VO2 prediction model achieved 0.87 for Corr and 2.25 mL/kg/min for MAE. Deep-learning models for real-time CPET analysis can accurately identify AT and predict peak VO2. The developed models can be a competent assistant system to assess a patient's condition in real time, expanding CPET utility.

Seismic behavior of precast columns with unbonded prestressed tendons and energy-dissipating bars: physical and numerical investigations

The study of the strength and failure modes of construction components has become increasingly important with the advent of industrialized construction. Recently, because of the need to promote the survivability of both structures and persons, it has encompassed failure modes associated with seismic threats. This study reports the seismic behavior of precast segmented columns designed with both unbonded prestressed tendons (UPTs) and energy-dissipating (ED) bars. A physical specimen was subjected to a quasi-static cyclic test; this permitted the evaluation of the damage mode and behavior of the energy dissipation mechanism, and permitted the establishment and verification of a fiber beam element simulation model. The model was then used to evaluate the effects of the variation of the design parameters on the behavior of precast assembled columns. The test specimen exhibited stable energy dissipation and a pinching effect during cyclic loading. An analysis using the fiber beam element model with varying design parameters revealed that high-strength concrete could mitigate the concrete damage and residual deformation after an earthquake, and that the concrete strength and steel bar strength should be matched when enhancing the seismic resilience of precast columns with high-strength steel bars. It was determined that increasing the prestress mechanism, namely the ratio of the UPTs, could greatly improve the residual deformation, while the ratio of ED bars is the key factor in enhancing the energy dissipation capacity of the precast columns. Suitable ratios of UPTs and ED bars are the keys to ensuring stable energy dissipation and low residual drifts. Moreover, an increased axial load ratio and prestress level are able to restrain the joint opening and improve the bearing capacity of the precast columns; however, an excessive axial load or prestressing force would result in the rapid degeneration of the carrying capacity and larger residual displacements.

Analisis Kerusakan Jalan dan Penanganannya Pada Ruas Jalan Timor Raya Km. 4 – Km. 7

The existence of highways is very necessary to support the pace of economic growth, agriculture, and other sectors. Given the important benefits, it is for this reason that the road construction and maintenance sector is a priority to be researched and developed in implementation planning, as well as maintenance. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of the Pavement Condition Index (PCI), identify the factors causing damage to Jalan Raya Timor Km.4-Km.7 and find out the type of repair according to the type and level of damage to Jalan Raya Timor Km.4 - Km.7. The average PCI value for Jalan Timor Raya Km.4 - Km.7 was 59.67 and there were 6 types of damage that occurred on Jalan Timor Raya Km.4 - Km.7, Oesapa Village, Kupang City, namely grain release, holes, crocodile skin cracks, bleeding, corrugation and collapse. The percentage of damage that occurs according to the type of damage is Grain Release 17.29%, Collapse 40.61%, Bleeding 31.72%, Crocodile Skin Cracks 2.44%, Holes. Factors causing damage to Jalan Timor Raya Km.4 – Km.7 include: Excessive vehicle loads so that the strength of the bottom structure of the road pavement or the road pavement structure itself is not able to carry it, poor compaction implementation, uneven or excessive use of asphalt and traffic that clears before the pavement is firmly used.

Reforming of graphite oxide from agro-waste by incorporating nanosilica for the remediation of nitrate and phosphate anions from wastewater

Graphite oxide obtained from the oxidation of sawdust with (0.5 wt%) was immobilized into silica to improve the effectiveness of the silica phase toward depollution. The functional interaction profiles were assessed using XRD and SEM performances. The excess loading of graphite oxide percent encouraged the aggregation of incorporated silica molecules, forming the so-called “colonies”. Such colonies caused marked exfoliation of graphite oxide layers in the as-designed silica @graphite oxide hybrid materials and considerable coalescence of graphite oxide in a silica matrix. The as-designed silica @(0.01) graphite oxide nanocomposites showed pronounced sorption competencies for PO4-3 (95 %), not the same for NO3– (72 %). Such depollution behavior is governed by the interaction profiles including the incorporated graphite oxide and “silica colonies”. The fitness of the kinetic models was ranked as pseudo-first order. The values of ΔHo = 0.824 and 3.58, So = 0.109 and 0.116, and Go = –33.45 to −36.7 kJ/mole for phosphate and nitrate, respectively. The estimated data point to endothermic, spontaneous adsorption in nature.

Evaluasi Kemampuan Fisik Pengangkatan Secara Manual Berdasarkan Pedoman NIOSH

Manual lifting activities are still often used in the industrial world, both small and large industries. Occupational safety and health need to be considered because things caused by errors in material handling and excessive loads can cause injuries. This research was carried out in roof tile making activities in Godean. The activities carried out still use human power in flowing materials with the process flow. If this activity is carried out continuously, it is feared that it will cause accidents. Therefore, there is a need for evaluation, namely energy consumption by measuring heart rate, determining optimal rest time, Recommended Weight Limit (RWL) is a recommendation for the limit of weight that can be lifted by humans without causing injury even if done repetitively and over a long period of time. This RWL is determined by NIOSH and the Job Severity Index (JSI). This research is useful for providing information and input about the importance of health and safety as well as providing information and insight for workers to pay more attention to occupational health and safety.