Surplus Funds Research Articles

Penyusunan Rencana Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Koperasi (RAPBK): Pelatihan Perkoperasian bagi Pengelola Koperasi se Jawa Barat

One of the tasks of cooperative management is to prepare the Cooperative Budget and Expenditures (RAPBK) which is usually done at the Annual Member Meeting. Preparing this budget is important to know what the cooperative will implement in the future or next year. Preparing a budget requires several conditions so that the budget and realization do not deviate too much, namely the budget must be realistic and enforceable and based on valid data so that it is not taken carelessly in its preparation. By preparing the RAPBK, it will also be known when the cooperative will get a surplus of funds and when it will get a deficit. So that the shortage of funds could have been anticipated beforehand. and can anticipate what must be done to cover the funding shortfall.

EFFECTS OF NON-PERFORMING LOANS ON RETURN ON ASSETS OF SELECTED COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIA

The essence of creating Commercial banks is to act as intermediary between the surplus (supply side) and deficit (demand side) units of funds. This is, in addition to other crucial objectives of profitability, growth in assets, and growth in customer base. To achieve these objectives, commercial banks grant loans to individuals, business organizations and governments among other profit yielding ventures. Loan defaults could be rampant resulting from low quality of assets, high non-performing risk assets (credit risk) that may result in huge loan losses, and reduction in bank profitability leading to adverse effect on return on assets of commercial banks. This study investigates the effect of non-performing loans (using loan loss provision as proxy) on return on assets of selected commercial banks in Nigeria. Annual time series secondary data from 2010 to 2021 were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and the Annual Financial Reports of affected bank, and panel least square method of analysis was used as our estimation technique. The results revealed that while loan loss provision has negative impact on return on assets of the selected commercial banks, interest rate has a positive impact on return on assets of the selected commercial banks within the period of study. The study recommends, amongst others that effective credit policy, reflected in flexible tenure; restructuring of credit terms; and conversion should be adopted in the selected commercial banks to minimize the negative impacts of loan defaults. This is because decline in loan default will lead to reduction in non-performing loans, and subsequently boost return on assets of affected banks in Nigeria.
 Keywords: Non-Performing Loan, Return on Asset, Interest Rates, Bank Performance, Bank Profitability, and Loan Loss Provisions.

A Comparative Study of Non-Performing Assets of Foreign and Local Banks in Ghana: The Case of GCB Bank Ltd and Standard Chartered Bank in Ghana.

The Ghanaian banking system plays an important role in the development of a country’s economy and its financial stability by acting as an intermediary between depositors who have excess funds and borrowers who are in need of funds. In recent times banks have become cautious in extending advances as a result of the rise in non-performing assets. A non-performing asset (NPA) is a debt obligation where the borrower has not paid any previously agreed upon interest and principal repayments to the designated lender for a period beyond 90 days thus not yielding any income to the lender in the form of principal and interest payments. The study employed quantitative research design with secondary data for the period 2008-2017. An attempt was made to study the trend of total advances, net profit, Gross Non-Performing Asset and Net Non-Performing Asset of GCB Bank Limited and Standard Chartered Bank Ghana Limited. The results showed a general increasing trend of Total advances, Gross Non-Performing Asset and Net Non-Performing Asset for both banks over the past 10 years. In addition, there was a positive relationship between the Net profit and Non-Performing Asset of GCB Bank Limited whilst a negative relationship existed between the Net profit and Non-Performing Asset of Standard Chartered Bank Ghana Limited.

Analyzing the Mediating Role of Job Burnout between Work-Life Balance and Job Satisfaction

Nowadays, the banking industry is one of the catalysts for a country's economic growth as a financial intermediary between parties. One of the banking activities is to collect funds from the public, commonly known as funding. The funds were collected from people who have excess funds by offering various types of savings or savings products. In addition, banks also connect the funds to the public through lending or other forms to improve people's living standards. A bank's success in seeking funds and distributing loans (lending) is generally determined by the quality of human resources. Thus, this study determines the mediating role of job burnout in the relationship between work-life balance and job satisfaction. The study is designed using a quantitative approach through a survey questionnaire. A total of 100 employees of Bank ‘X’ participated across West Kalimantan and Jakarta. The data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square (SEMPLS). The result indicates that work-life balance significantly affects employee job satisfaction. Also, job burnout affected employee job satisfaction. However, this study found that job burnout does not mediate the relationship between work-life balance and job satisfaction. This study concludes that job burnout does not mediate the relationship between work-life balance and job satisfaction. Still, work-life balance and job burnout have been proven to predict job satisfaction.

Edukasi Aspek Hukum dan Perlindungan Perilaku Investasi pada Efek Syariah bagi Santri Pondok Pesantren Asshodiqiyah Kota Semarang

Indonesia's economic development cannot be separated from the existence of market capital. The capital market is seen as a means of bringing together those who have excess funds (supply side) as investments with those who need funds (demand side) as a source of financing. Investment is defined as a present commitment to some funds or other sources to achieve multiple returns in the future. Seeing the phenomenon of the development of the Islamic capital market community that can affect the existence and growth opportunities of the capital market in Indonesia, especially in the context of Islamic stock investment, factor analysis is needed to study it, namely, which factors influence the behavior of Islamic investors in the Islamic capital market community. in deciding to invest in Islamic stocks. Based on the background above, we know that a very large number of students in Indonesia have great opportunities to become investors in the field of market capital, so education related to being aware of illegal investments and legal aspects related to market capitalization and sharia securities is important to provide to students.

Strategi Pemasaran Jemput Bola dalam Meningkatkan Minat Nasabah Terhadap Tabungan

The sharia financial system is a financial system that bridges parties who need funds and parties who have excess funds through financial products and services that comply with sharia principles. To increase market share, the products offered must have a marketing strategy so that they can be seen. The bank marketing concept is actually not much different from the marketing concept for other business sectors, such as the manufacturing industry sector, service business sector and others. Therefore, we want to conduct research with the title Pick-up Marketing Strategy to Increase Customer Interest in Savings (BMT Maslahah Gondangwetan). With the aim of finding out the strategy used by BMT to increase customers using descriptive qualitative research methodology. The results of the research are that customers and agencies are targeted in carrying out a pick-up strategy, because most of the Gondangwetan area work as traders who need funds to develop their business.

Role of Microfinance and Self Help Groups in Rural Women Empowerment – A Study of Two Sub district under Mahisagar District, Gujarat

Being the most important program in the SHG movement in India, NABARD started the pilot phase of SHG Bank Linkage Program in February 1992. This was the first example of a viable SHG financed directly by a commercial bank. Informal saving and borrowing groups of the poor were recognized as bankable customers. Soon after the SHG-bank linkage was in place, RBI advised commercial banks to consider lending to SHGs as part of their rural credit operations. Linking SHGs with the financial sector was good for both sides. Because banks were able to enter the money lending market, borrowers were lower income families, household costs were lower, and repayment rates were higher. By joining SHGs they were able to expand their operations with more credit and they had productive surplus funds for more credit. (Reddy and Maneck, 2005). This research paper attempts to examine the impact of microfinance in the context of poverty alleviation and socio-economic empowerment of women. Help empower women through microfinance by supporting women's economic participation, thus promoting gender equality and improving household welfare. To study the role of microfinance and self-help groups (SHGs) in women empowerment, Santrampur and Virpur sub district of Mahisagar district have been selected, for the present study a total of 20 SHG organizations have been selected from these two sub district and Out of these 20 SHGs, 150 respondents have been selected for the research. has been selected to start the job. Here tabular analysis has been used to analyze the data collected from local survey reports.

Analisis Anggaran Sebagai Kebijakan Salah Satu Alat Pengendalian Kinerja Pada Badan Pengelola Keuangan Dan Aset Daerah (BPKAD) Provinsi Sumatera Utara Kota Medan

This study aims to determine the budget as one of the performance control tools at the Regional Finance and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) of North Sumatra Province, Medan City. The data collection techniques used were interviews and documentation. The types of data used are quantitative data and qualitative data. The source of data used in this study is secondary data, in the form of Regional Budget Realization Reports. The analysis method used is a comparative descriptive analysis method, namely by comparing the budget with realization in various sources of financing using variance analysis. The results showed that there were irregularities in excess funds of 68.41%, 69.96%, 99.20%, and 32.52% in the budget of BPKAD Medan City for 2022. The conclusion from the analysis and realization of expenditures is that in the 2022 fiscal year, the BPKAD Medan City experienced deviations. Where deviations occur due to the budget that is not absorbed in the budget and expenditure realization. Performance control at the Medan City BPKAD for 2022 is considered good because the budget is greater than the realization in terms of budget variance and expenditure realization variance.

PENGARUH GROWTH OPPORTUNITY, NET WORKING CAPITAL, FIRM SIZE, PROFITABILITAS DAN CASH FLOW TERHADAP CASH HOLDING PERUSAHAAN NON CONSUMER CYCLICAL YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI

This study aims to analyze the effect of growth opportunity, net working capital, firm size, profitability, and cash flow on cash holding in non-cyclical consumer companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2018 to 2021. This research is a quantitative study with the sampling technique is purposive sampling technique and the research method used is panel data regression analysis. The results of data analysis show that growth opportunity, net working capital has a positive and insignificant effect on cash holding while firm size, and profitability have a negative and insignificant effect on cash holding. Meanwhile, cash flow has a significant positive effect on cash holding, in this case strong cash flow indicates that the company is able to generate consistent income from its operational activities. With sufficient cash flow, companies can maintain a level of cash reserves to maintain liquidity in emergency or uncertain situations. If cash inflows are greater than cash outflows, then the company will have a surplus of cash funds that can be held in reserve or used for other purposes. Therefore, the company must pay close attention to the cash inflow and outflow cycle. This research provides important insights for company management in making decisions regarding cash allocation and risk management strategies. Keyword: Growth Opportunity, Net Working Capital, Firm Size, Profitabilitas, Cash Flow, Cash Holding

The Application of Common Prosperity Policy; Discussion Based on Limitarianism

This paper explores the concept of Economic Limitarianism, which proposes that social progress can be achieved by imposing restrictions on individual wealth accumulation. It analyzes the policy of "common prosperity" in the context of China as a potential application of Limitarianism to address wealth inequality. The paper examines the historical parallels between Economic Limitarianism and ancient tithing practices, highlighting the belief that the super-rich should allocate surplus funds to address societal needs. However, recent literature suggests limitations in implementing Limitarianism due to the lack of clear criteria for judgment and varying acceptance of inequality across different social states. The "common prosperity" policy in China, which involves providing state dividends from surplus operating income to support the less well-off, is compared to traditional Limitarianism. It is argued that the "common prosperity" policy, with its focus on state-owned enterprises and redistribution rather than wealth restrictions, can mitigate wealth inequality while minimizing violations of property rights and social dissatisfaction. The paper concludes that blindly applying the "common prosperity" policy in countries like the United States may not be advisable due to different national conditions. However, two potential approaches for promoting Limitarianism in capitalist countries are suggested: increasing the number of state-owned enterprises and increasing government revenues through investments in private enterprises. While acknowledging the significance of the "common prosperity" policy for the development of Limitarianism, its applicability outside of China is considered limited.

THE IMPACT OF BOARD DIVERSITY AND THE MODERATION EFFECT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON FREE CASH FLOW

In this study, we propose pandemic Covid-19 as moderating effect on the role of board diversity in enhancing the allocation of free cash flow. The board diversity variables are examined using least squares regression for panel data by exploiting the variables to board gender diversity, board member affiliation, board specific skills, and board size variables for an observation of 279 Indonesian listed firms over the period 2015–2021. We found that the presence of female gender on the board, the presence of board members who have either an industry specific background or a strong financial background, and enough board members deter the opportunistic conduct of managers and likely to reduce excess funds through dividend pay-outs. The results demonstrate that a diverse board reduces agency conflicts and enhances resource allocation supporting governance practices. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the presence of female gender in the board, the presence of boards member with other corporate affiliations, and the adequacy of board size proved to provide more effective supervision of the company's cash flow allocation. The findings are beneficial to policymakers since this explains the significance of implementing measures to enhance the efficacy of the board's role by instituting a diversity requirement.

Türkiye Ekonomisinde Bankacılık Sektörü Tarafından Yaratılan Yurt İçi Kredi Hacmi İle Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı

Banks are one of the most important elements of the financial system. Banks are organizations that are involved in the development of the money market by ensuring the collection of savings in the economy, transferring surplus funds to economic units that need funds. Banks expand the money supply through the credit channel and ensure that savings are converted into investments in the economy. Increasing investments in the country will contribute to production and employment. The rise in the number of goods and services produced will also lead to development in the rate of economic growth. From this point of view, this study analyzes the short and long-run effects of the aggregate domestic credit volume created by deposit banks, development and investment banks, and participation banks on economic growth in the Turkish economy by adopting the autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing (ARDL) approach for quarterly data covering 2008:01-2022:02 periods. As a result of the analysis, a cointegration relationship has been found between the aggregate domestic credit volume and economic growth. It is concluded that there is no long-term relationship between the aggregate domestic credit volume and economic growth, but they are in a relationship in the short term.

Investment Analysis in the Indonesian Capital Market

This research explains how investment in the capital market has developed, this article tries to outline several risks that have the potential to occur in investing in the capital market. Keywords; Risk, Investment, and Capital Markets Abstract The capital market is a place where companies seek funds to finance their business activities. Apart from that, the capital market also collects public funds directly by investing funds into healthy and well-managed companies. The main function of the capital market is as a means of capital formation and accumulation of funds for financing a company/issuer. The presence of capital market institutions in Indonesia adds to the list of alternatives for people who have excess funds and are interested in investing in their funds. This article tries to explain how investment in the capital market is developing, besides this, this article tries to explain some of the risks that have the potential to occur in investing in the capital market.

Analisis Rasio Keuangan terhadap Kinera Keuangan pada Bank Perkreditan Rakyat di Kota Batam

Rural Banks are a financial institution that plays a role in the community's economy by collecting excess funds from the public and lending them to people who need funds. Every company, both bank and non-bank, reports at a certain time the company's financial performance in the form of annual financial reports. Financial statements show the financial performance of a company in running its business, what are the weaknesses and strengths of the company. The company's financial performance is a representation of the company's financial position over a certain period of time. Banks with good financial performance can create a good Indonesian economy and help improve the standard of living of the Indonesian people. This study aims to analyze and determine the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Performing Loans (NPL) and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) on Return On Assets (ROA). This study uses secondary data obtained from the website of the Financial Services Authority, with a sampling technique using purposive sampling, namely the sampling technique by selecting data sources based on criteria and based on certain considerations so that a total sample is obtained 135. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis, classical assumption test (normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation), multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing (partial, simultaneous and coefficient of determination). The results of this study indicate that partially Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) have a significant effect on Return On Assets (ROA), while the Non Performing Loan (NPL) have no significant effect on Return On Assets (ROA). Furthermore, it is known that simultaneously the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Performing Loans (NPL) and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) have a significant effect on Return On Assets (ROA).
 Keywords: Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR); Non Performing Loan (NPL); Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR); Return On Assets (ROA).

Hawai’i

Budgeting on a biennium basis, Hawai’i has two education budgets with appropriations of more than $2 billion for 2022–2023. A strong budget flush with COVID-19 relief funds and higher-than-expected tax revenues are funding priorities that include recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, meeting pre-pandemic shortfalls, and new advancing education initiatives. Hawai’i uses a weighted student formula with adjustments made at the beginning of each biennium. Weight increases for English learners and homeless students are recent changes to the funding formula. Charter schools serve as one alternative to traditional public schools and students in charter schools receive equalized student funding. Hawai’i is unique among the states because it has a single school system for the entire state and a single university system. The University of Hawai’i system budget is about 6% of the state education budget and P-12 schools, including libraries and charter schools, are about 21% of the state’s budget. One of the most challenging school finance issues facing Hawai’i’s leaders is how to use the excess funds in the current budget to have the maximum impact on schools in a manner that is sustainable in the future.

Predicting financial performance for listed companies in Thailand during the transition period: A class-based approach using logistic regression and random forest algorithm

This study presents a class-based approach developed to evaluate the financial performance of companies that have undergone public listing on the stock market. By employing both statistical analysis and machine learning methods, the models consider two important determinants, which are the company's internal capability determinants prior to going public and the amount of funds raised through the Initial Public Offering (IPO) to predict the company’s financial performance after joining the stock market. The study demonstrates that the machine learning method (random forest algorithm) outperforms the statistical method (logistic regression) in predicting financial performance. The findings also reveal that certain determinants significantly influence the predicted financial performance in a specific period. Furthermore, the study examines the impact of IPO funds on financial performance and observes that while the first year after listing does not exhibit a significant effect, a subsequent positive correlation emerges in the subsequent two to three years, up to a certain threshold, with excessive funds potentially leading to adverse effects. Overall, the predictive models provide valuable insights for companies, enabling them to prioritize resources towards significant determinants in a specific relative year, make informed decisions, and enhance their long-term success in the stock market.

How did federal aid to states and localities affect testing and vaccine delivery?

We estimate whether large allocations of federal aid for state and local governments played a role in advancing population testing for COVID-19 and the administration of vaccines. To overcome biases that can result from the endogeneity of federal aid allocations, we use an instrumental-variables estimator reliant on the substantial variation in federal aid predicted by variation in states’ congressional representation. We find that federal fiscal assistance dollars had a modest if any impact on the pace of vaccine rollouts, may have improved the equitability of vaccine administration, and had a substantial impact on the volume of tests administered. We observe that the difference in our findings for testing relative to vaccination suggests that surplus funds were more effective at increasing demand for services that exhibit relatively elastic demand, which is socially desirable when those services are associated with substantial public health externalities.

Pengaruh Net Profit Margin, Return On Assets, Debt To Equity Ratio, Current Ratio Terhadap Harga Saham Pada PT. Jasa Marga Tbk.

The capital market is a means and infrastructure for companies or governments. The capital market is an activity in which a surplus of funds and demand for funds meet through negotiating securities for investment, namely stocks, bonds, mutual funds, derivatives (options and futures). Of all the capital markets above, the most well-known is the stock. Shares are a sign that a person or one of the parties (legal entity) participates in a company or limited liability company, including this capital, one party has the right to receive income, company assets and the right to attend shareholder meetings (Wijaya, 2017: 165).

EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF BANKING INDUSTRY REGULATIONS ON THE ECONOMY OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM

This study uses a combination of archival and documentary research, as well as quantitative analysis, to uncover the evolution and impact of banking regulations on the economy of Brunei Darussalam. Available evidence suggests that throughout most of the 20th century, regulators adopted a laissez-faire approach with minimal regulations in the banking industry. However, financial crises tend to trigger regulatory reforms. Growing household indebtedness and bankruptcies were precursors to the introduction of major institutional changes, including the establishment of a centralized monetary and financial regulatory authority, Autoriti Monetari Brunei Darussalam in 2011 (later renamed the Brunei Darussalam Central Bank (BDCB) in 2021), the Brunei Darussalam Protection Corporation in 2011, as well the Credit Bureau in 2012. Various financial regulations covering personal credit/financing, interest rates, credit card usage, and the Total Debt Service Ratio (TDSR) requirements have been introduced to promote financial stability and consumer financial protection. This has coincided with an evident decline in private and household indebtedness as well as non-performing loans/financing among banks. However, promoting financial stability and supporting economic growth can be a tricky balancing act for regulators to navigate. This study finds that the lack of local investment opportunities limits the possibility for surplus funds to circulate in the economy. In terms of policy recommendations, the role of financial regulations is discussed in the context of addressing global challenges such as inequality and climate change.

The Factors Affecting Surplus Underwriting of Tabarru Funds in Sharia Life Insurance Companies

The underwriting surplus is the difference in excess of the total contribution of participants that is included in the tabarru' fund plus assets and deducting claim payments and other costs. This article aims to analyze the factors that influence the acquisition of tabarru fund underwriting surplus in Islamic life insurance companies. The variables used in this study are contributions, claims, and investment returns as independent variables, then the underwriting surplus of tabarru funds as the dependent variable. The population used is sharia life insurance companies registered with the Financial Services Authority for the 2017-2021 period using the panel data regression method. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence on the contribution to the underwriting surplus of tabarru' funds because the greater the contribution obtained by the company, the underwriting surplus will increase, claims do not affect the underwriting surplus of tabarru' funds because if a claim occurs it will reduce the tabarru' funds, and investment returns does not affect the underwriting surplus of tabarru' funds because the company's investment management is still not optimal.