Excess Cancer Research Articles

POCUS-first for nephrolithiasis: A Monte Carlo simulation illustrating cost savings, LOS reduction, and preventable radiation

ObjectivesNon-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) is the gold standard for nephrolithiasis evaluation in the emergency department (ED). However, Choosing Wisely guidelines recommend against ordering NCCT for patients with suspected nephrolithiasis who are <50 years old with a history of kidney stones. Our primary objective was to estimate the national annual cost savings from using a point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS)-first approach for patients with suspected nephrolithiasis meeting Choosing Wisely criteria. Our secondary objectives were to estimate reductions in ED length of stay (LOS) and preventable radiation exposure. MethodsWe created a Monte Carlo simulation using available estimates for the frequency of ED visits for nephrolithiasis and eligibility for a POCUS-first approach. The study population included all ED patients diagnosed with nephrolithiasis. Based on 1000 trials of our simulation, we estimated national cost savings in averted advanced imaging from this strategy. We applied the same model to estimate the reduction in ED LOS and preventable radiation exposure. ResultsUsing this model, we estimate a POCUS-first approach for evaluating nephrolithiasis meeting Choosing Wisely guidelines to save a mean (±SD) of $16.5 million (±$2.1 million) by avoiding 159,000 (±18,000) NCCT scans annually. This resulted in a national cumulative decrease of 166,000 (±165,000) annual bed-hours in ED LOS. Additionally, this resulted in a national cumulative reduction in radiation exposure of 1.9 million person-mSv, which could potentially prevent 232 (±81) excess cancer cases and 118 (±43) excess cancer deaths annually. ConclusionIf adopted widely, a POCUS-first approach for suspected nephrolithiasis in patients meeting Choosing Wisely criteria could yield significant national cost savings and a reduction in ED LOS and preventable radiation exposure. Further research is needed to explore the barriers to widespread adoption of this clinical workflow as well as the benefits of a POCUS-first approach in other patient populations.

Radiological Risk Assessment of Radon Inhalation in Offices of Selected Institutions in Southwestern Nigeria

The deleterious health implication of human exposure to radon gas has attracted considerable research attention worldwide. Thus, with the increase in number of tertiary institutions in Nigeria whose population predominantly comprises the youth and adults in their productive years. This study hereby estimates the radiological risk associated with radon inhalation induced by the geological of selected tertiary institutions in Southwestern Nigeria. The radon concentration was assessed with Electret Passive Environmental Radon Monitor (E-PERM). The lithology and age of the buildings were also considered for probable effect on the radon concentration. The value of the radon concentration ranged between 2.60 to 219.57 Bqm-3. The lithology feature on which each building was constructed as well as the age of the building was also found to influence the indoor radon concentration. The radiological indices of the rooms ranged from 0.018 to 1.518 mSvy-1 for annual effective dose (AED), 0.004 to 0.335 WLMy-1 for annual exposure (AE), and 1.98 x 10-6 to 1.67 x 10-4 MPY-1 for excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR). Hence, there is need for continuous education of the people to take adequate preventive measures in mitigating indoor radon level.

Gamma Spectrometry Analysis of Natural and Man-Made Radioactivity and Assessment of Radiological Risk in Soils Around Steel Industry

"In this paper low background high-resolution gamma spectrometry was used for the determination of the activity concentrations of the natural and man-made radionuclides in topsoil samples collected in the vicinity of a large steel plant in Galati, Romania. Their values (mean ± standard deviation) for 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, 235U, 210Pb, 40K and 137Cs were: 38.1 ± 6.2; 35.9 ± 5.4; 35.5 ± 3.0; 1.8 ± 0.4; 47.3 ± 8.6; 504.5 ± 38.9 and 7.2 ± 4.7 Bq·kg–1, respectively. 60Co and 241Am had activities below the detection limit: 0.6–1.3 and 2.2–4.7 Bq·kg–1, respectively. The results indicate inputs of natural radionuclides in the sites close to the slag dump, raw materials transportation facility, ore and coal processing factories, blast furnaces, and iron scrap deposit. The evaluation of the associated radiological impact was performed based on selected hazard parameters: absorbed gamma dose rate, total external gamma dose rate, radium equivalent activity index, external hazard index, representative level index, annual effective dose, excess lifetime cancer risk, and annual gonadal dose."

Excess lifetime cancer risk due to ingestion of fish from a dam reservoir associated with a nuclear facility in Brazil

Fish from a Funil dam reservoir associated with a Nuclear Fuel Factory were sampled aiming to assess the radiological risk due to ingestion. Funil dam reservoir is a strategic site, once it receives effluent from the industrial complex that performs isotopic enrichment of uranium and conversion of UF6. The mean activity concentrations obtained for 40K, 226Ra, 228Ra and 228Th were 57.81, 0.41, 0.92 and 0.49 Bq·kg−1, respectively. Lifetime cancer risk was estimated in ∼10−5 and no action needs to be taken.

Radiological Safety Assessment of Agricultural Soil within the Bitumen Belt of Ondo State Nigeria, Using RESRAD-ONSITE and RESRAD-BIOTA Codes

Exploration and exploitation of bitumen can create radiation exposure pathways that must be considered in risk management scenarios. RESRAD-ONSITE and RESRAD-BIOTA developed by the US Department of Energy (US DOE) to assess contaminated sites, were used in the present study to predict the radiation dose and excess cancer risk associated with residual radioactive materials within Ondo State Bitumen Belt for the duration of 100 years, using site-specific parameters. The activity concentrations of 40K, 232Th and 238U in soil samples were determined by gamma-spectrometry and their average values were 35.85, 3.27 and 5.01 BqKg-1 respectively. While the estimated internal doses in biota due to 40K, 232Th and 238U were 7.54E-06, 3.03E-07 and 4.55E-08 Gy d−1 respectively for terrestrial animals, 6.69E-06, 3.68E-08 and 2.29E-08 Gy d−1 respectively for terrestrial plants, 6.49E-06, 5.88E-09 and 2.22E-08 08 Gy d−1 respectively for the Nigerian Dwarf Goat (NDG). The maximum total dose of 0.0229 mSvyr−1 was obtained at Agbabu at t = 30 years for an on-site resident farmer using the RESRAD-ONSITE Code, while the minimum total dose of 0.0014 was obtained at Araromi at t = 100 years. These values were by far lower than the National Research Council's acceptable limit of 0.25 mSvy-1. Likewise, the maximum Excess Cancer Risk (ECR) of 0.050 × 10−3 was obtained at Agbabu, while the lowest ECR value of 0.015 x 10-3 was shared by three communities: Omotosho (OMO), Akotogbo (AKG), and Ibekegbo (IKB). The observed low cancer risks in all the selected communities are of less human health concern since they are lower than the world safe value of 0.29 x 10-3. This implies that utilization of the studied soil for farming may not cause any immediate health hazard to the inhabitant but prolonged exposure might pose radiologically induced health challenges.

An alternative approach for the excess lifetime cancer risk and prediction of radiological parameters

Abstract As one of the most important parameters to express radiation's harmful effects is excess lifetime cancer risk, which is presented in the literature with the empirical relationship, an alternative association was developed for excess lifetime cancer risk in this study. This relationship included radiological risk parameters and the average life expectancy and also does not require a coefficient recommended by organizations. The selected area is Çünür district of Isparta province in Türkiye, which is approximately 12.5 km2. The gamma-ray spectrometry studies were carried out at 270 different points. In this study, the radioactive elements (U, Th, and K) are directly measured on the geological materials (trachyandesite, flysch, limestone, and soil) using a gamma-ray spectrometer device. Maps were created to compare the outcomes of excess lifetime cancer risk determined with the new approach and calculated using the existing relationship in the literature. Also, the calculated radiological risk parameters were mapped to evaluate the study area in general. In addition to these, the relationships between each other radioactive elements and the relationships between the radioactive elements and the radiological risk parameters were investigated.

Assessment of Background Radiation Around Telecommunication Masts of the Major Network Service Providers in Kaduna South, Kaduna State, Nigeria

This work assessed the electromagnetic radiation from telecommunication masts of major service providers (AIRTEL, ETISALAT, GLO, and MTN) around residential areas in Kaduna South, Nigeria. The Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Force (RF EMF) strength meter of serial number (480836) and a measuring tape were used to obtain readings away from the masts. The electric field strengths E, magnetic field strengths H, and power densities were measured at 0 m, 100 m, 200 m, 300 m, 400 m, and 500 m away from the mast base in V/m, A/m, and W/m2, respectively. The power densities measured were: 0.000091 W/m2 for Airtel, 0.000195 W/m2 for Etisalat, 0.000488 W/m2 for GLO, and 0.421352 W/m2 for MTN. These readings were compared with the standard valve (4.5 W/m2) recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the 6.05 W/m2 recommended by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) for exposure limits of radio frequency waves and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and were discovered to be below the recommended values. The radiological health effects, absorbed radiation dose rates, the annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), and the excess lifetime cancer risks (ELCR) were evaluated. The values of absorbed dose rates were 0.000091 Gys-1 for Airtel, 0.000195333 Gys-1 for Etisalat, 0.000488333 Gys-1 for GLO, and 0.421352 Gys-1 for MTN, which were observed to be far lower than the world permissible value of 0.02472 Gys-1, except that of MTN, which is higher than the permissible value. However, the estimated annual effective dose equivalents (AEDE) were found to be higher than the ICNIRP permissible limits of 1.00 mSvy-1 for the public, which implies that the base stations do pose radiological risks in the long term. Also, the excess lifetime cancer risk for the stations’ users was all above the 0.29 × 10-3 per Sievert world recommended value by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiations, UNSCEAR (2018), and Audu et al., (2019). This, therefore, suggests there is a high probability of the base station workers and residents within 500 m of the base mast to develop radiation-related illnesses over a long time. Regular radiological monitoring of all the base stations is recommended.

Occupational lead exposure health risk assessment and heme biosynthesis: A study on batik artisans in yogyakarta, Indonesia

This study aims to assess dermal and inhalation lead exposure levels among batik industry workers and evaluate noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks associated with lead exposure. We investigate potential relationships between lead exposure (dermal average daily dose and inhalation exposure concentration) and the workers' blood hemoglobin levels (Hb), as well as their urinary ALA (u-ALA) concentrations. Additionally, we explore any possible associations between Hb and u-ALA levels among the workers and identify various factors influencing lead exposure levels. A total of 30 workers were recruited for the study. Interviews and exposure sampling were conducted to measure dermal and inhaled lead exposure. Sample analysis methods include XRF for exposure samples, spectrophotometry for u-ALA, and HiCN colorimetric for Hb. Carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk assessments, correlation analysis, as well as ANOVA for factors analysis, were performed. The average dermal exposure dose and inhalation exposure concentration of lead were 6.53 ± 3.2 ng/kg/day and 0.021 ± 0.015 μg/m3, respectively. Hazard Index (HI) values for all workers were below 1 (average: 0.372 ± 0.155), indicating no expected noncarcinogenic health effects due to lead exposure. The average Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) was (5.18 ± 3.84) × 10−8, significantly below acceptable limits. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between Hb and u-ALA (r = −0.519, p = 0.058 for male workers and r = −0.531, p = 0.034 for female workers), supporting their use as lead exposure biomarkers. The factors analysis demonstrated a significant impact of working conditions on inhalation exposure (p = 0.018), with outdoor workers experiencing lower lead inhalation. This research provides crucial insights into potential dangers faced by batik workers due to lead exposure, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions. The strong correlation between Hb and u-ALA indicates their combined effectiveness in detecting lead exposure, even at low levels. The study underscores the significance of outdoor work as a protective measure against inhaling heavy metals, such as lead, present in the air. The assessment of health risks associated with lead exposure in the batik industry lays the groundwork for informed decision-making and interventions to protect workers' well-being, particularly in informal sectors workplaces where health risks are often overlooked.

P25-11: The effect of the introduction of European Union drinking water standard on arsenic exposure and related lifetime excess cancer risk in Hungary – a population based estimation of public health and economic benefits

P25-11: The effect of the introduction of European Union drinking water standard on arsenic exposure and related lifetime excess cancer risk in Hungary – a population based estimation of public health and economic benefits

Exploring Strategies Post-Revocation of Licensing Exemption for Malaysia's Tailing Processing Industry

The extraction of heavy metals and rare-earth elements from tailing residue has caused a significant impact towards the environment as well as the industrial workers as a result from the contamination caused by the processing activities. The radionclide concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in soil and tailing residue were found to be within the range of 0.31 - 4.97 Bqg-1 and 1.24 - 4.47 Bqg-1, 0.16 - 11.07 Bqg-1 and 1.08 - 8.56 Bqg-1, 0.22 - 1.24 and 0.18 - 1.32 Bqg-1, respectively. The radiological impack assessment findings indicated significant overexposure risks where the annual effective dose was estimated to be within the range of 0.7 – 207.6 mSvy-1 while the excess lifetime cancer risks we found to have exceeded the limit let by the local regulatory body. The correlation between study findings and the enactment of the licensing exemption order was done to identify the effects of non-regulatory compliance to the Atomic Energy Licensing Act. The study also emphasized on the remediation importance of industrial sites before implementing any form of changes towards new regulatory adherence. Hence, the study recommeneds potential remediation techniques but taking into account the operational status of each proceesing plant, degree of contation and possible future use of the contaminated site.

Evaluation of outdoor background ionizing radiation level around radiological sections in Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Gombe State Nigeria

This study presents the results of ambient radioactive radiation, radiation health hazard indices and excess lifetime cancer risk estimation around radiological sections in Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria using a well calibrated Rados-200 meters and a Global Positioning System (Garmin 765). The mean annual outdoor equivalent dose of 0.078 mSv/y. was measured. Mean annual outdoor effective doses of 0.1358 mSv/y. and 0.0950 mSv/y. were computed respectively, that were less than 1 mSv/y. maximum recommended limit for general public. The mean outdoor ELCR values of 0.3330 x10-3 was also estimated. The results though below the world’s average, are comparable with those of some other locations similar to the study area.

Occupational radiological risk assessment and quantification of natural radionuclides present in Pakistani coal

ABSTRACT In this study, 47 coal samples from 16 selected coal mines from four provinces of Pakistan (Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) were collected and analysed using a HPGe-based gamma spectrometry system. The objective of the study was to assess the occupational radiological risk from coal reserves in Pakistan. The 226Ra concentration values were found to be higher in coal samples collected from two locations in Meting-Jhumpir Coal Fields and one location of Chakwal Coal Field as compared to the recommended value by UNSCEAR (2000). The 232Th concentration values were found to be higher in coal samples collected from two locations in Padhrar Coal Field, one location in Dandot Coal Field and one location in Cherat Coal Field as compared to the recommended value by UNSCEAR (2000). The 40K values in all the analysed samples were found to be well below the recommended value by UNSCEAR (2000). From the radiological parameters, the values of the representative gamma index, which corresponds to an annual effective dose, were found to be higher than 1 Bq-kg−1 among the samples collected from Meting-Jhumpir coal fields, Chakwal coal field, Padhrar coal fields, Dandot coal fields, Hangu coal field, and Cherat coal fields. Excess lifetime cancer risk was estimated to be in the range of 0.07 × 10−3 − 0.34 × 10−3 with an average value of 0.18 × 10−3. The annual effective dose was estimated in the range of 0.01–0.07 µSv- y−1, which is below than the value established by the IAEA as the safe limit for the public in a planned exposure situation (1 mSv-y−1). It can be concluded that for some of the coal fields, the radionuclide concentration values and some of the radiological parameter values were found to be higher than the recommended values. Site-specific studies using direct radiation and radon measurement instruments are proposed for these coal fields to further investigate the radiological situation and its implications on workers and the public’s health. Furthermore, we have used a theoretical approach to estimate the occupational health hazard based on the activity concentration of radionuclides in the coal samples, which needs to be validated with the direct-dose measurement techniques.

Natural background outdoor gamma radiation levels and mapping of associated risk in Siddipet district of Telanagana State, India

Studies on natural background outdoor environmental radioactivity levels were conducted in Siddipet district of Telangana state, India. The investigation was carried out in the major villages/mandal head quarters of the district using scintillation detector (NaI(Tl)) based μR- survey meter. The exposure rates measured on ground level and at 1 m height from ground (in μR.h−1) were converted into absorbed dose rates (in nGy.h−1) and annual effect doses (mSv) using appropriate conversion factors. The natural background radiation levels at 1 m height were found to vary from 139 nGy h−1 to 435 nGy h−1 with an average of 235±47 nGy h−1. The background radiation levels were observed to follow the normal distribution with a little deviation at the outliers. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was also estimated.

Characterization of the sources and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 and their relationship with black carbon: A case study in northern Taiwan

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and black carbon (BC) often coexist in PM2.5 because both form during the incomplete combustion of organic matter. These compounds are regarded as hazardous air pollutants with potential health effects, including respiratory and cardiovascular effects. In this study, to evaluate the health risks of PAHs and BC at an urban site in northern Taiwan, 16 priority PAHs and BC, identified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, were analyzed and quantified in PM2.5 to determine their concentrations, their relationship with each other, and their likely sources. The results indicated that the mean concentrations of total PAHs and BC were 0.91 ng m−3 and 0.97 μg m−3, respectively, with a significant positive correlation between them, indicating the same emission sources. The results also indicated that fossil fuel combustion and traffic emissions were primary contributors to PAHs, with wood and biomass combustion playing a less prominent role. Among these 16 priority PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene served as major carcinogenic compounds, accounting for 89.0% of the total carcinogenic toxicity. Thus, the lifetime excess cancer risk resulting from PAH exposure was estimated as 8.03 × 10−6, indicating a potential carcinogenic risk to human health at the sampling site. Overall, this study highlights the need for future mitigation policies for traffic emissions and fossil fuel combustion for reducing the local emissions of BC and co-produced PAHs in northern Taiwan.

Direct gamma dose rate measurement and assessment of excess lifetime cancer risk.

In this study, in some neighborhoods in Kahramanmaraş province of Turkey, indoors and outdoors direct gamma dose rate measurements have been done. All of the gamma dose rate measurements have been made at ground level and at the height of 1m from the ground. The median values of the gamma dose rates on the ground and 1m above the ground indoors are 70.34±7.74 and 49.53±5.39nGy h-1, respectively. Outdoor measurements have been carried out on both soil and asphalt floors. The average values of gamma dose rate on the ground and at a height of 1m outdoors (soil floor) are 68.16±7.49 and 53.50±5.88nGy h-1, respectively. The mean values of gamma dose rate on the ground and 1m above the ground outdoors (asphalt floor) are 61.63±6.77 and 48.69±5.35nGy h-1, respectively. Indoor and outdoor average gamma dose rates are below the mean world. In addition, using the measured gamma dose rate values, annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) for adults have been calculated. The total AEDE and ELCR (on soil floors and indoors at 1m above ground level) are 0.31±0.03mSv y-1 and 1.08±0.10×10-3, respectively. The total AEDE and ELCR (on asphalt floors and indoors at 1m above ground level) are 0.30±0.03mSv y-1 and 1.06±0.10×10-3, respectively. The AEDE and ELCR for adults living in the neighborhoods within the scope of the study in Kahramanmaraş city center within 1y are lower than the average world.

Cancer mortality after low dose exposure to ionising radiation in workers in France, the United Kingdom, and the United States (INWORKS): cohort study

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of protracted low dose, low dose rate exposure to ionising radiation on the risk of cancer.DesignMultinational cohort study.SettingCohorts of workers in the nuclear industry in France,...

A review on radionuclide pollution in global soils with environmental and health hazards evaluation.

Human populations are being exposed to a wide spectrum of radiation from soils as a result of the availability of radiation sources. Assessing the ecological and health effects of radionuclides in soils is crucial to support the optimal soil management practices but large-scale studies are limited. This study compiled data on radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 238U, and 137Cs) in soils located across the world (44 countries and 159 places) between 2008 and 2022 and applied radiological hazards indices and several multivariate statistical approaches. The average activity concentration (Bq/kg) of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 238U, and 137Cs were 408.56, 144.80, 508.78, 532.78, and 83.12, respectively, whereas 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 238U exceeded the standard limits. The principal component analysis explained more than 91% of variation in soils. Based on the geoaccumulation index, 40K posed moderately to heavy contamination whereas 238U and 226Ra posed moderate contamination in soils. Moreover, the mean values of radiological hazards evaluation such as radium equivalent activity (487.17Bq/kg), external radiation hazard indices (1.32), internal hazard indices (2.15), absorbed dose rate (247.86 nGyh-1), annual effective dose rate (1.82 mSvy-1), activity utilization index (4.54) and excess lifetime cancer risk (63.84 × 10-4) were higher than recommended limit suggesting significant radiological risks in study region soils. The findings indicated that the study area soils were contaminated by radionuclides and unsafe for hazards in terms of the health risks linked with studied radioactive contents. The study is valuable for mapping radioactivity across the globe to determine the level of radioactivity hazards.

Cancer Epidemiology in the Northeastern United States (2013-2017).

These findings highlight the need to identify the causes of higher cancer incidence in the Northeast and the excess cancer mortality in NNE.

No Excess Cancer Risk among Veterinarians in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden after the 1980s.

The cancer profile of veterinarians has received little research attention, despite the profession potentially being exposed to a wide range of known and suspected carcinogens. In this large-scale cohort study, we assessed cancer incidence in veterinarians in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, across more than 40 years (1961-2005). The cohort comprised 4708 veterinarians and 119,503 person-years at follow-up. The overall cancer incidence in veterinarians was close to the incidence in the total population in all countries and in all age groups. In male veterinarians, the standardized incidence ratios (SIR) in 1961-1990 were elevated for colon cancer (1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39-2.44), prostate cancer (1.35, 95% CI 1.07-1.67), and especially skin melanoma (3.62, 95% CI 2.78-2.84), while there was no longer any statistically significant excess in the more recent follow-up period. Decreased SIRs were observed for lip cancer (0.11, 95% CI 0.00-0.62), laryngeal cancer (0.38, 95% CI 0.12-0.89), lung cancer (0.59, 95% CI 0.47-0.74), and stomach cancer (0.58, 95% CI 0.38-0.86), without a marked change in SIR over time. Non-significant excesses among male veterinarians were also observed in Hodgkin lymphoma (1961-1990 only), and leukaemia. This multi-country study indicates that there was an elevated incidence of several cancer types among male veterinarians before the 1990s but not after that. Some of the findings might rather be attributed to lifestyle factors and not directly to work conditions, but the excess risk of cancers of kidney and bladder, for example, might be related to work exposures.

Dolphin-shaped island: Exploring the natural resources and radiological hazards of Wadi El Gemal Island

The objective of this study is to assess the natural resources and radiological risks of Wadi El Gemal Island by examining its topography, mineralogy, geochemistry, and radioactive distributions. This island, which is situated at the outlet of Wadi El Gemal in Egypt's southeastern Desert, has a unique shape resembling a dolphin based on Landsat imagery. It's a part of the Wadi El Gemal-Hamata Protectorate and is notable for its diverse environmental, geological, economic, and archeological features, including recent reefs, sandy deposits, Quaternary carbonate sediments, and mangroves. The main natural resources on the island are fauna, mangrove forests, and flora. Samples collected from the island were analyzed using a NaI detector to measure the concentrations of radionuclides such as 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K, which were found to be within acceptable levels according to UNSCAR guidelines. The radionuclide 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K activity concentrations of the collected samples were 32.55 ± 9, 12.63 ± 4, 12.49 ± 4, and 325 ± 34 Bq/kg, respectively. Regarding radiological hazard indices, the values of absorbed gamma dose rate (36.06 ± 5.42 nGy/h), radium equivalent activity (73.88 ± 14.4 Bq/kg), annual effective dose indoor (0.18 ± 0.03 mSv/y) and outdoor (0.04 ± 0.01 mSv/y), internal (0.29 ± 0.05) and external (0.2 ± 0.03) indices, and excess lifetime cancer index (0.15 ± 0.05 × 10−3).This is suggest that there is no significant risk associated with these sediments.