Excess Body Weight Research Articles

Proportion and number of cancer cases and deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in the United States, 2019.

In 2018, the authors reported estimates of the number and proportion of cancers attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in 2014 in the United States. These data are useful for advocating for and informing cancer prevention and control. Herein, based on up-to-date relative risk and cancer occurrence data, the authors estimated the proportion and number of invasive cancer cases (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) and deaths, overall and for 30 cancer types among adults who were aged 30 years and older in 2019 in the United States, that were attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors. These included cigarette smoking; second-hand smoke; excess body weight; alcohol consumption; consumption of red and processed meat; low consumption of fruits and vegetables, dietary fiber, and dietary calcium; physical inactivity; ultraviolet radiation; and seven carcinogenic infections. Numbers of cancer cases and deaths were obtained from data sources with complete national coverage, risk factor prevalence estimates from nationally representative surveys, and associated relative risks of cancer from published large-scale pooled or meta-analyses. In 2019, an estimated 40.0% (713,340 of 1,781,649) of all incident cancers (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) and 44.0% (262,120 of 595,737) of all cancer deaths in adults aged 30 years and older in the United States were attributable to the evaluated risk factors. Cigarette smoking was the leading risk factor contributing to cancer cases and deaths overall (19.3% and 28.5%, respectively), followed by excess body weight (7.6% and 7.3%, respectively), and alcohol consumption (5.4% and 4.1%, respectively). For 19 of 30 evaluated cancer types, more than one half of the cancer cases and deaths were attributable to the potentially modifiable risk factors considered in this study. Lung cancer had the highest number of cancer cases (201,660) and deaths (122,740) attributable to evaluated risk factors, followed by female breast cancer (83,840 cases), skin melanoma (82,710), and colorectal cancer (78,440) for attributable cases and by colorectal (25,800 deaths), liver (14,720), and esophageal (13,600) cancer for attributable deaths. Large numbers of cancer cases and deaths in the United States are attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors, underscoring the potential to substantially reduce the cancer burden through broad and equitable implementation of preventive initiatives.

Survey on Interaction Between Nutrient Status and Selected Polymorphisms in Association with Weight Loss of Patients with Severe Obesity Underwent Bariatric Surgery.

There is little information about the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and nutritional status and weight loss after bariatric surgery. This study investigated the interactive effect of eight obesity-related SNPs and nutritional status on weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). This is a case-control study. After 1-year follow-up, the patients who underwent RYGB were dividing into two groups. The case group consisted of patients who lost more than 50% of their excess body weight (EBW%) 1year after the surgery. The control group included patients who lost < 50% of EBW at same time frame. Then, the relationship between eight SNPs related to UCP2, FTO, LEPR, GHRL, and NPY genes with weight loss were checked. In this study, 160 patients were recruited. The median of age for case and control group were 43 and 42 respectively. The presence of mutant variant NPYrs16147 had a significant relationship in terms of weight loss between the two groups (P > 0.05). In dominant model, two SNPs, UCP2 rs659366 and UCP2 rs660339, showed protective effect of the vitamin D deficiency. In conclusion, the presence mutant variant of NPYrs16147 is directly related to the incidence of weight loss greater than 50% of EBW. However, it is apparent individual behavioral, dietary, and other factors may have more influence on weight loss among patients underwent RYGB.

Impact of lifestyle interventions targeting physical activity and healthy diet on treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)

Introduction and purpose: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a worldwide prevalent sleep-related medical condition characterised by upper airway collapse, leading to hypoxia and hypercapnia. Excess body weight is the risk factor of OSAS. Lifestyle interventions, particularly targeting weight loss, have emerged as potential management strategies for OSAS. The purpose of this review is to compile the information about the effectiveness of different forms of lifestyle interventions in the treatment of OSA. Brief description of the state of knowledge: While CPAP remains the current “gold standard” treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea, it’s not always well-tolerated. Consequently, lifestyle interventions such as dietary modifications, exercise programs, and behavioural therapies have emerged as important components in the management of this disease. The research has shown that these strategies not only reduce the severity of OSA but also improve quality of life. Summary: Lifestyle interventions, including dietary modifications, exercise programs, and behavioral therapies targeting weight loss, have demonstrated promising results in reducing the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and alleviating associated symptoms. However, further large-scale, long-term studies are necessary to validate their efficacy and understand their broader impact on OSA management.

Impact of Obesity on Respiratory Health: The Role of Sport and Physical Activity in Prevention and Management

Introduction and Objective: Obesity is a major social and economic problem. Since the 1980s, the number of overweight and obese people has doubled. Treatment of such patients is 30% more expensive than for people of normal weight. The main aim of the article is to present the impact of the occurrence of respiratory diseases and the deterioration of the system function. In addition, the article reviews the impact of physical activity and diet on weight loss and the prevention of further weight gain. Review and Methods: Review and summary of studies and meta-analysis of studies available in open-source format on Google Scholar and PubMed. Abbreviated Description of the State of Knowledge: One of the most common diseases in the population is bronchial asthma. People with excess body weight have a more severe course, and numerous studies have been carried out to explain the cause. The main mechanism that worsens respiratory function is mechanical compression by fatty tissue. It has also been observed that the inflammatory response, underlying the etiopathogenesis of asthma, may be caused by the secretion of inflammatory mediators by adipocytes. This is currently being investigated. Obstructive sleep apnea is a disorder that results in a fragmentation of sleep, which has serious health consequences and leads to a reduction in quality of life. Obesity is a major risk factor. The severity of the condition is strongly related to excess body weight. Obese hypoventilation syndrome is a condition in which obesity impairs alveolar ventilation and CO2 removal, resulting in hypercapnia, which can lead to respiratory failure. Summary: Weight loss and interventions to prevent weight gain in people with a baseline BMI &gt;25 kg/m2 are fundamental to good health. For best results, a calorie-restricted diet should be combined with physical activity. The WHO has created recommendations for the amount of physical activity needed each week.

Effect of a Low-Glycemic Index Nutritional Intervention on Body Weight and Selected Cardiometabolic Parameters in Children and Adolescents with Excess Body Weight and Dyslipidemia.

Excess body weight in pediatric patients and the resulting dyslipidemia, if left untreated, are a serious risk factor for cardiovascular disease in young adults. Despite this, there is still no effective and validated nutritional strategy for the treatment of overweight/obesity and comorbid dyslipidemia in children and adolescents. A low-glycemic index (LGI) diet may be recommended, but evidence for its effectiveness in the pediatric population is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional intervention in children and adolescents with excess body weight and dyslipidemia. The study was conducted in patients aged 8-16 with overweight or obesity and lipid disorders (n = 64), of which 40 participants who completed the entire 8-week study were included in the analysis. Patients were randomly selected and allocated to one of the two dietary groups: the LGI diet or the standard therapy (ST) diet. Both diets were based on the principal recommendation of Cardiovascular Health Integrated Lifestyle Diet-2 (CHILD-2). This study showed that both LGI and ST diets were equally beneficial in reducing body weight, body fat, blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels. The LGI diet, compared to the ST diet, was less effective in reducing blood TG levels but more effective in reducing diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Therefore, the choice of the type of diet in the treatment of children and adolescents with excess body weight and dyslipidemia may be individual. However, it should be based on the recommendation of CHILD-2. Further long-term, larger-scale studies are needed.

Study of heart rate variability to assess the autonomic nervous system functioning in women with different degrees of obesity

In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in obese people worldwide. There is a large number of hypotheses describing the causes of the development of obesity, but few studies have addressed changes arising in the autonomic nervous system. The predominance of the sympathetic nervous system could potentially be a leading link in the pathogenesis of the development of cardiovascular complications in obesity. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the ANS circuit and body weight, with age. In our work, 161 women were examined using spectral analysis of the hardware and software complex «Omega-M». Then the participants were distributed into groups according to age and body weight. Statistical grouping and data processing were carried out using Microsoft Office software package. After analyzing the group «40–49 years old», it has been revealed that the central regulation in the studied women with the 1st degree of obesity is observed in 67 % of cases, and in the women with the 2nd degree, this type of regulation prevails completely (p=0.0011). In the group «50–59 years old», the women with the 2nd degree of obesity completely lack the autonomous regulation; the central type makes up 89 % of the total number of those examined, while the intermediate type accounts for 11 % (p=0.0042). In the group «60–69 years old» in the women with normal body weight, the central regulation prevails in 83 % of cases. In the group with the 1st degree of obesity, all women have the central regulation (100 %), as in the group with the 2nd degree of obesity, where the central regulation also predominates at 92 %, while the autonomous regulation is found only in 8 % of the examined (p=0.0141). It was noted that in the women with the 2nd degree of obesity, the central regulation of heart rhythm prevails. In the group «60–69 years», this type of regulation begins to prevail regardless of body weight. Thus, with age and with increasing body weight, the predominance of the central regulation of heart rhythm is observed. The dependence of the predominant regulation circuit and age is associated with a decrease in physiological reserves in case of excessive body weight, which may cause the development of cardiovascular diseases and requires the search for effective etiopathogenetic methods of treatment.

Preoperative Multistrain Probiotic Supplementation Does Not Affect Body Weight Changes or Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Bariatrics: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Emerging evidence suggests that microbiota plays a crucial role in the development, progression, and therapeutic options in obesity and its comorbidities. This study assessed preoperative probiotic therapy's impact on bariatric treatment outcomes. A 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 48 patients undergoing bariatric surgery was conducted. Participants received probiotics-Sanprobi Barrier-which contained nine strains of bacteria: Bifidobacterium bifidum W23, Bifidobacterium lactis W51 and W52, Lactobacillus acidophilus W37, Levilactobacillus brevis W63, Lacticaseibacillus casei W56, Ligilactobacillus salivarius W24, Lactococcus lactis W19, and Lactococcus lactis W58. Primary outcomes included excess body weight loss, body weight loss, and excess body mass index loss, with secondary objectives focusing on metabolic profiles. Surgical treatment of obesity significantly improved anthropometric and metabolic parameters. No significant differences were observed in primary outcomes or in secondary outcomes between groups at any time point post-surgery. Preoperative probiotics administration did not affect clinical outcomes 1, 3, or 6 months following bariatric surgery.

Prevalence of Abnormal Lipid Profile Among Obese People in Mogadisho, Somalia

Background: A lipid profile includes total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and calculated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Obesity is defined as excess body weight, and dyslipidemia is abnormal blood concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. HDL carries only one-third to one-fourth of blood cholesterol, while triglycerides store excess energy. Objective: The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of abnormal lipid profile among obesity people in Mogadishu Somali. Materials and Methods: A cross- sectional study was performed at selected hospitals. A total of 150 participants was enrolled in this study. 4 ml of venous blood sample was collected from each participant after taking informed written consent from the participants. Serum level of lipid profile test will be measured by using (AOUTUMATED CHEMISTRY MACHINE) techniques to evaluate lipid profile test status. Data analysis was done with statistical package for data analysis (spss). Results: Among the of 150 participants the predominant age group was 20-30 years (42.7%), followed age group 31- 40 years 20%, and &gt;50 years 20.7%. There was also age groups of 41-50 years (16.7%). According to their level of obesity, out of the 150 participants, 104(69.3%) were class I obesity 25-29.9BMI, 36(24%) were class II obesity 30-35BMI and the last 10(6.7%) were class III obesity &gt;35BMI. In our study, according to laboratory diagnosis, maximum respondents were normal 58(38.7%) followed by 51(34%) were on the border line (HDL&lt;43.7 mg/dl) and 41(27.3%) were abnormal. Conclusion: The data concluded that the majority of the participants were normal, and also there was abnormal and border line. we do statistically significant, we have found that there’s association between abnormal lipid profile and obesity level where the p-value was 0.006.

Laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery with a single anastomosis: a comparative analysis of the metabolic and bariatric effects

Objective. To compare the results of the effect of long–loop, distal and mini–gastric bypass surgery with a single anastomosis on the loss of excess body weight, indicators of protein, lipid, carbohydrate metabolism, correction of metabolic syndrome and development of deficiency states after 36 months. Materials and methods. Patients with morbid obesity were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 – 25 patients who underwent long–loop gastric bypass with a biliopancreatic loop length of 200 cm; Group 2 – 25 patients who underwent mini–gastric bypass with a biliopancreatic loop length of 200 cm using laparoscopic access; Group 3 – 25 patients who underwent distal gastric bypass with a total loop length of 250 cm. Results. 36 months after the operation, the loss of excess body weight was (69 ± 1.1)% in group 1, (70.1 ± 1.3)% in group 2 and (72 ± 0.9)% in group 3; remission of dyslipidaemia was observed in 4 (80%) of 5 patients in group 1, 11 (84.6%) of 13 patients in group 2 and 7 (100%) of 7 patients in group 3; remission of type II diabetes mellitus – in 3 (75%) out of 4, 5 (83.3%) out of 6 and 6 (100%) out of 6 patients, respectively, complete remission of arterial hypertension – in 6 (46.2%) out of 13, 7 (50%) out of 14 and 9 (60%) out of 15 patients, respectively. Conclusions. Laparoscopic long–loop gastric bypass with a single anastomosis is effective and safe, does not cause severe deficiency states, and can be used as a primary bariatric surgery.

SMIM1 absence is associated with reduced energy expenditure and excess weight

Obesity rates have nearly tripled in the past 50 years, and by 2030 more than 1 billion individuals worldwide are projected to be obese. This creates a significant economic strain due to the associated non-communicable diseases. The root cause is an energy expenditure imbalance, owing to an interplay of lifestyle, environmental, and genetic factors. Obesity has a polygenic genetic architecture; however, single genetic variants with large effect size are etiological in a minority of cases. These variants allowed the discovery of novel genes and biology relevant to weight regulation and ultimately led to the development of novel specific treatments. We used a case-control approach to determine metabolic differences between individuals homozygous for a loss-of-function genetic variant in the small integral membrane protein 1 (SMIM1) and the general population, leveraging data from five cohorts. Metabolic characterization of SMIM1-/- individuals was performed using plasma biochemistry, calorimetric chamber, and DXA scan. We found that individuals homozygous for a loss-of-function genetic variant in SMIM1 gene, underlying the blood group Vel, display excess body weight, dyslipidemia, altered leptin to adiponectin ratio, increased liver enzymes, and lower thyroid hormone levels. This was accompanied by a reduction in resting energy expenditure. This research identified a novel genetic predisposition to being overweight or obese. It highlights the need to investigate the genetic causes of obesity to select the most appropriate treatment given the large cost disparity between them. This work was funded by the National Institute of Health Research, British Heart Foundation, and NHS Blood and Transplant.

Body mass index and survival among patients with advanced biliary tract cancer: a single-institutional study with nationwide data-based validation.

Excess body weight may modulate the progression of various cancer types. The prognostic relevance of body mass index (BMI) has not been fully examined in patients with biliary tract cancer. Using a single-institutional cohort of 360 patients receiving gemcitabine-based chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract cancer, we examined the association of BMI with overall survival (OS). Using the Cox regression model with adjustment for potential confounders, we calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for OS according to BMI. The findings were validated using a Japanese nationwide inpatient database including 8324 patients treated at 201 hospitals. In the clinical cohort, BMI was not associated with OS (Ptrend = 0.34). Compared to patients with BMI = 18.5-24.9kg/m2, patients with BMI < 18.5kg/m2 and ≥ 25.0kg/m2 had adjusted HRs for OS of 1.06 (95% CI, 0.78-1.45) and 1.01 (95% CI, 0.74-1.39), respectively. There was no evidence on a non-linear relationship between BMI and OS (Pnonlinearity = 0.63). In the nationwide cohort, the null findings were validated (Ptrend = 0.18) with adjusted HRs of 1.07 (95% CI, 0.98-1.18) for BMI < 18.5kg/m2 and 1.05 (95% CI, 0.96-1.14) for BMI ≥ 25.0kg/m2 (vs. BMI = 18.5-24.9kg/m2). In the clinical cohort, BMI was not associated with progression-free survival (Ptrend = 0.81). BMI was not associated with survival outcomes of patients with advanced biliary tract cancer. Further research is warranted incorporating more detailed body composition metrics to explore the prognostic role of adiposity in biliary tract cancer.

264-OR: Effect of Tirzepatide on Kidney Function in People with Excess Body Weight and Type 2 Diabetes—A Post-Hoc Analysis of the SURMOUNT-2 Trial

264-OR: Effect of Tirzepatide on Kidney Function in People with Excess Body Weight and Type 2 Diabetes—A Post-Hoc Analysis of the SURMOUNT-2 Trial

The effect of body weight on the knee joint biomechanics based on subject-specific finite element-musculoskeletal approach

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) and obesity are major public health concerns that are closely intertwined. This intimate relationship was documented by considering obesity as the most significant preventable risk factor associated with knee OA. To date, however, the effects of obesity on the knee joint's passive-active structure and cartilage loading have been inconclusive. Hence, this study investigates the intricate relationship between obesity and knee OA, centering on the biomechanical changes in knee joint active and passive reactions during the stance phase of gait. Using a subject-specific musculoskeletal and finite element approach, muscle forces, ligament stresses, and articular cartilage contact stresses were analyzed among 60 individuals with different body mass indices (BMI) classified under healthy weight, overweight, and obese categories. Our predicted results showed that obesity significantly influenced knee joint mechanical reaction, increasing muscle activations, ligament loading, and articular cartilage contact stresses, particularly during key instances of the gait cycle—first and second peak loading instances. The study underscores the critical role of excessive body weight in exacerbating knee joint stress distribution and cartilage damage. Hence, the insights gained provide a valuable biomechanical perspective on the interaction between body weight and knee joint health, offering a clinical utility in assessing the risks associated with obesity and knee OA.

1059-P: Excess Body Weight Contributes to an 8.3 Year Premature Health Economic Aging Equivalent to an Additional Annual Healthcare Expenditure of $306B—Results of a U.S. Population Study

1059-P: Excess Body Weight Contributes to an 8.3 Year Premature Health Economic Aging Equivalent to an Additional Annual Healthcare Expenditure of $306B—Results of a U.S. Population Study

Functional state of the liver and endothelium in patients with menopausal metabolic syndrome

Aim. To assess the functional state of the liver and endothelium in patients with menopausal metabolic syndrome, depending on the degree of obesity. Materials and methods. 70 patients with menopausal metabolic syndrome and obesity of varying degrees with an average age of 49.9±1.1 years and 30 practically healthy women without obesity and liver pathology with an average age of 47.3±2.6 years (comparison group) who were in the early postmenopausal period were examined. All women underwent biometric and laboratory-instrumental examination, including assessment of biometric indicators, determination of estradiol levels in the blood, biochemical markers of cytolysis and cholestasis, markers of endothelial dysfunction, assessment of microvascular tone reaction with calculation of the thermal vasodilation index, ultrasound examination of the liver and calculation of the Hepatic steatosis index (HSI). Results. All patients with menopausal metabolic syndrome had a genoid type of obesity and hypoestrogenism. The level of estradiol decreased more significantly during the transition to the 1st degree of obesity (p=0.001). According to ultrasound and the HSI index, signs of liver steatosis were found in all patients with menopausal metabolic syndrome. Functional liver tests were within the reference values, 13% had an increase in the level of alkaline phosphatase, more significant in the group with grade 3 obesity (p=0.034). Laboratory markers of endothelial dysfunction were significantly higher in patients with menopausal metabolic syndrome than in the comparison group. The muscular and neurogenic index of thermal vasodilation significantly decreased in women with grade 1 obesity compared to the group with “pre-obesity“ (p=0.041 and 0.047). The lowest endothelial response was observed at the transition to the 1st degree of obesity in comparison with women with excess body weight. Conclusion. For patients with menopausal metabolic syndrome to assess the condition of the liver, it is recommended to conduct a comprehensive instrumental laboratory examination, including ultrasound examination of the liver, biochemical parameters and calculation of the steatosis index.

Three-Month Excessive Body Weight Loss < 37.7% as a Predictor of Mid-term Suboptimal Outcomes Postlaparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: Risk Factors and the Impact of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio on Adipocyte Function.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of achieving < 37.7% excess body-weight loss (EBWL) within 3months of postlaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on clinical outcomes and its correlation with adipocyte function. Patients (n = 176) who underwent LSG between January 2019 and January 2023 were included. Weight loss and status of health markers were monitored postoperatively. The cohort was stratified based on EBWL < 37.7% at 3months or not. Variables including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), insulin resistance, and comorbidities were analyzed. Omental visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were used to analyze the differences in adipocyte function by western blot. Patients with EBWL < 37.7% at 3months post-LSG (suboptimal group) comprised less likelihood of achieving ≥ 50% EBWL than those who achieved ≥ 37.7% EBWL (optimal group) at 6months (42.55% vs. 95.52% in optimal group, p < 0.001), 12months (85.11% vs. 99.25% in optimal group, p < 0.001) and 24months (77.14% vs. 94.74% in optimal group, p = 0.009) post-LSG. High BMI (OR = 1.222, 95% CI 1.138-1.312, p < 0.001), NLR ≥ 2.36 (OR = 2.915, 95% CI 1.257-6.670, p = 0.013), and female sex (OR = 3.243, 95% CI 1.306-8.051, p = 0.011) significantly predicted EBWL < 37.7% at 3months post-LSG. Patients with NLR ≥ 2.36 had significantly lower adipose triglyceride lipase in omental fat (p = 0.025). EBWL < 37.7% at 3months post-LSG is a strong predictor of subsequent suboptimal weight loss. High BMI, NLR ≥ 2.36, and female sex are risk factors in predicting EBWL < 37.7% at 3months post-LSG. These findings may offer a reference to apply adjuvant weight loss medications to patients who are predisposed to suboptimal outcomes.

Association of hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype with metabolic syndrome traits and its diagnostic potential to predict metabolic syndrome in adults with excess body weight: A community-based cross-sectional study.

The hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype is a simple measure to identify individuals at increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) traits. The present study aimed to describe the HTGW prevalence, and its associations with MetS traits, and also determine the diagnostic potential of the mirror indices of HTGW phenotype to predict MetS and its components in community-dwelling adults with overweight or obesity in Southern, Sri Lanka. In a cross-sectional study, 300 adults with excess body weight (body mass index >23 kg/m2) were enrolled and examined for the HTGW phenotype (fasting plasma triglyceride concentration ≥1.695 mmol/L and waist circumference >90 and >85 cm in males and females, respectively). One in five adults with excess body weight had the HTGW phenotype. Phenotype-positive adults had significantly higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (p = 0.010), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), atherogenic index (p < 0.001), coronary risk index (p = 0.001), triglyceride glucose index (p = 0.040), bioimpedance visceral fat (p = 0.041) and significantly lower HDL-C (p = 0.001) and cardioprotective index (p = 0.009) than those without the HTGW phenotype. Adults with excess body weight and the HTGW phenotype had an increased risk of FPG (odds ratio [OR] = 1.294; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.051-1.594), atherogenic index (OR = 3.138; 95% CI = 1.559-6.317) and triglyceride glucose index (OR = 3.027; 95% CI = 1.111-8.249). The HTGW phenotype was strongly associated with MetS traits (OR = 16.584; 95% CI = 6.230-44.147). The cut-off values for the product of waist circumference × triglyceride, to identify the risk of having MetS and dyslipidemia among adults with excess body weight were 158.66 and 160.15 cm × mmol/L, respectively. The readily available and inexpensive measures of the HTGW phenotype could serve as a clinically useful marker to identify MetS traits in adults with excess body weight.

Semaglutide in the Treatment of Diabetes and Associated Obesity

Introduction and objective: Diabetes represents one of the most significant healthcare challenges of the 21st century. The disease is frequently asymptomatic, with patients often remaining undiagnosed for extended periods and failing to seek assistance from healthcare professionals. A sedentary lifestyle, excessive caloric intake, and a lack of physical activity contribute to the development of obesity, which in turn leads to carbohydrate metabolism disorders. In this study, we will examine the relationship between diabetes and obesity, and discuss the drug semaglutide, which is used to treat type 2 diabetes and also promotes weight loss. Review methods: Review and summary of research studies available in open-source format on Google Scholar, PubMed. Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge: Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of semaglutide in improving lipid profiles and promoting weight loss. This effect is believed to be mediated by the drug's ability to slow gastric emptying. It is evident that semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, exerts a beneficial effect on carbohydrate parameters and helps to delay the occurrence of complications associated with diabetes. Summary: A review of clinical reports and conducted studies indicates that semaglutide has the potential to enhance parameters that directly or indirectly impact the quality of life of patients with diabetes. However, the utilisation of the aforementioned pharmaceutical is associated with adverse effects, which may impede patient-physician collaboration and potentially precipitate the development of new health complications in patients. One of the effects of semaglutide treatment is a reduction in appetite, which contributes to weight loss. This property of the drug makes it suitable for use in patients with excessive body weight.

Level and limitations of physical activity in patients with excess body weight or diabetes

Physical activity (PA) is recommended to prevent or treat many diseases, but various factors may limit it. We analyse the level of PA and the barriers to undertaking it. Patients...

«Perinatal portrait», reproductive health parameters and risk factors for fat metabolism disorders in young overweight women

Overweight and obesity are one of the most serious social and medical problems today. It is appropriate to single out a special category of young women aged 18–35 years with excessive body weight, that is, the age which is capable of ensuring the reproductive potential of the future.The objective: to determine the probable factors of metabolic imbalance and the main parameters of reproductive health disorders in young overweight women.Materials and methods. Reproductive health parameters and the main predictors of its impairment were evaluated in two groups of patients – the main group (890 women with BMI &gt; 25.0 kg/m2) and a control group (40 patients with BMI of 18.5–24.9 kg/m2).The main group was divided into two subgroups taking into account the age of formation of overweight and obesity: I subgroup – 596 women with pubertal obesity (66.9%) and II subgroup – 294 women with overweight in the postpubertal period (33.1%).Results. A high rate of pregnancy complications (86.9%), gestational diabetes (25.8%), preeclampsia (34.1%), premature birth and low birth weight fetus (20.9%), as well as the birth of a girl with a large body weight (24.4%), can become modified factors in the formation of the reproductive system according to the characteristics of the “perinatal portrait” and form the basis of screening programs. The relationship between the early introduction of complementary foods and the absence of breastfeeding and the presence of obesity in the girl in the future was established (OR=7.25; 95% CI: 2.99–17.59; χ2=23.53, p&lt;0.0001).Attention should be paid to reproductive function disorders: amenorrhea was found 1.7 times more often in the case of postpubertal obesity, as well as abnormal uterine bleeding or metrorrhagia, infertility (24.4%), dyshormonal breast diseases (34.7%), polycystic ovary syndrome (59.8%), proliferative processes of the endometrium and myometrium (34.7%), as well as the formation of endometrial hyperplasia and polyposis with age (25.8%).A high percentage of stressogenic factors was determined in the examined cohort of patients, which could initiate the manifestation of metabolic and endocrine disorders in 569 cases – 63.9% (OR=4.14; 95% CI: 2.07–8.25; χ2=17.38, p&lt;0.0001).Conclusions. Probable predictors of impaired fat metabolism in young women were statistically identified: heredity from the mothers of such patients regarding metabolic and endocrine disorders, body weight at birth more than 4000 g and artificial feeding, early age of menarche, pubertal paratrophy, stress factors, infectious diseases during menarche, hypodynamia and a high level of intellectual differentiation.The reproductive health of women with overweight and obesity is characterized by a high frequency of menstrual cycle disorders, increased manifestations of changes in the vaginal microbiome and dysuric symptoms, as well as infertility, hormone-dependent diseases, and impaired reproductive function.