Addition Of Excess Research Articles

Effects of Gd on the microstructure and mechanical properties of GdxCoCrFeNiV0.4 high-entropy alloys

This study investigated the microstructure and mechanical properties of GdxCoCrFeNiV0.4 alloys. Various techniques such as XRD, SEM, EBSD, and TEM were utilized, alongside hardness and compression tests at room temperature. The findings revealed that the high-entropy alloy without Gd element exhibited a single face-centered cubic (FCC) phase. Upon the introduction of Gd element, the phase composition shifted to FCC + hexagonal structure (HS) phases, and further addition of Gd resulted in the presence of FCC + HS + body-centered cubic (BCC) phases. Additionally, the inclusion of Gd element led to the precipitation of Gd-rich particles within the alloy. The Vickers hardness test results revealed a significant increase in alloy hardness as the Gd content rose, from 177.5 HV for Gd0 to 848.4 HV for Gd0.4. This suggests that the presence of the HS phase and BCC phase notably influences alloy hardness. Furthermore, compressive test outcomes demonstrated that the alloy's yield strength rose from 173.74 MPa for Gd0 to 1356.17 MPa for Gd0.3 with increasing Gd content. However, the excessive addition of Gd elements results in significant precipitation of V and Cr elements, leading to grain coarsening, adversely affecting its mechanical properties. The high strength of Gd-containing high-entropy alloys can be attributed to various strengthening mechanisms, such as solid solution strengthening, the presence of the HS phase, the precipitation of a small number of Gd-rich particles, and the grain refinement caused by the addition of Gd.

Carbon dots-based dual-mode sensor for highly selective detection of nitrite in food substrates through diazo coupling reaction

As an antioxidant and preservative agent, nitrite (NO2−) plays an essential role in the food industry to maintain freshness or inhibit microbial growth. However, excessive addition of NO2− is detrimental to health, so accurate and portable detection of NO2− is critical for food quality control. Notably, the selectivity of most carbon dots (CDs)-based fluorescence sensors was not enough due to the nonspecific interaction mechanism of hydrogen bond, electrostatic interaction and inner filter effect etc. Herein, a novel fluorescence/UV–vis absorption (FL/UV–vis) dual-mode sensor was developed on basis of mC-CDs, which were prepared by simple solvothermal treatment of m-Phenylenediamine (m-PDA) and cyanidin cation (CC). The fluorescence of these mC-CDs could be selectively responded by NO2− through the specific diazo coupling reaction between NO2− and amino groups on the surface of mC-CDs, thus effectively improving the selectivity of NO2− detection. The CDs-based fluorescence sensor possessed a low detection limit of 0.091 μM and 0.143 μM for FL and UV–vis methods and the excellent linear range of 0.0–60.0 μM. Furthermore, the mC-CDs sensor was employed to detect NO2− in real samples with a recovery rate of 97.11 %–104.15 % for quantitative addition. Moreover, the smartphone-assisted fluorescence sensing platform developed could identify the subtle color changes that could not be distinguished by the naked eye, and had the advantages of fast detection speed and intelligence. More importantly, the portable solid phase sensor based on mC-CDs had been successfully applied to the specific fluorescence identification and concentration monitoring of NO2−. Accordingly, the designed sensor provided a new strategy for the highly selective and convenient sensing of NO2− in food substrates, and paved the way for the wide application of CDs-based nanomaterials in the detection of food safety.

Low-Temperature Water Electrolysis Under a Sustained pH-Gradient for Electrochemically-Induced Decarbonation of Limestone into Hydrated Lime

Lime holds considerable potential in diverse environmental applications. However, its current production remains highly carbon-intensive, emitting more than one ton of CO2 per ton of lime. To address this issue, recent studies have explored the concept of electrifying the decarbonation of limestone to produce hydrated lime. In this work, a two-compartment electrolysis cell capable of producing Ca(OH)2 has been tested at different currents. Precise pH and Ca2+ concentration measurements demonstrate that the electrolysis setup is able to dissolve CaCO3 and precipitate Ca(OH)2 with near-perfect efficiencies. Notably, it highlights that Faraday’s law and the concept of transport number can be applied to predict both the equilibrium and kinetic behavior of each step of the process in each of the two cell compartments. Moreover, the use of controlled batch additions of CaCO3 in the system, as opposed to one-time excess addition, was assessed to mitigate the fouling of the cationic exchange membrane used to separate the compartments. Finally, based on the experimental findings, key guidelines are proposed to achieve a perfect reaction stoichiometry for each step. These findings pave the way for a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to lime production.

Unveiling micro-scale mechanisms of in-situ silicon alloying for tailoring mechanical properties in titanium alloys: Experiments and computational modeling

Titanium-silicon (Ti-Si) alloy system shows significant potential for aerospace and automotive applications due to its superior specific strength, creep resistance, and oxidation resistance. For Si-containing Ti alloys, the sufficient content of Si is critical for achieving these favorable performances, while excessive Si addition will result in mechanical brittleness. Herein, both physical experiments and finite element (FE) simulations are employed to investigate the micro-mechanisms of Si alloying in tailoring the mechanical properties of Ti alloys. Four typical states of Si-containing Ti alloys (solid solution state, hypoeutectoid state, near-eutectoid state, hypereutectoid state) with varying Si content (0.3–1.2 wt.%) were fabricated via in-situ alloying spark plasma sintering. Experimental results indicate that in-situ alloying of 0.6 wt.% Si enhances the alloy's strength and ductility simultaneously due to the formation of fine and uniformly dispersed Ti5Si3 particles, while higher content of Si (0.9 and 1.2 wt.%) results in coarser primary Ti5Si3 agglomerations, deteriorating the ductility. FE simulations support these findings, highlighting the finer and more uniformly distributed Ti5Si3 particles contribute to less stress concentration and promote uniform deformation across the matrix, while agglomerated Ti5Si3 particles result in increased local stress concentrations, leading to higher chances of particle fracture and reduced ductility. This study not only elucidates the micro-mechanisms of in-situ Si alloying for tailoring the mechanical properties of Ti alloys but also aids in optimizing the design of high-performance Ti alloys.

Synthesis of bulk foam-like palygorskite based adsorbent for efficient and convenient recyclable removal of radioactive iodine and iodide

Radioactive iodine is the inevitable product of nuclear fission, and the types and valence states of iodine are relatively rich and easy to convert to each other. Therefore, the synthesis of a material that can be easily recovered and efficiently remove polyvalent radioactive iodine has great strategic significance for the safe use of nuclear power. Bulk foam-like palygorskite based adsorbents (PDMA-PAL) with the macroscopic pore size of 40 to 150 μm were synthesized by the emulsion template method using dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) as the functional monomer and cheap palygorskite (PAL) as the matrix material. The excessive addition of DMAEMA and PAL will lead to the collapse of the porous structure. Optimized PDMA2-PAL shows excellent adsorption capacity (2.14 g/g) for iodine in cyclohexane solution with the equilibrium time of 5 h. PDMA2-PAL also exhibits an excellent adsorption capacity for gaseous iodine (308 wt%), and the I2 adsorption mechanism is the strong affinity and charge transfer of electron-rich N heteroatoms for electron-deficient iodine. PDMA2-PAL also achieves an outstanding iodide adsorption capacity (2.1mmol/g) within 5 min, and the I− adsorption mechanism is the electrostatic interaction between I− and the derivatization of tertiary amine under acidic conditions. Moreover, the deprotonation in alkaline solution can desorb iodide efficiently, which makes PDMA-PAL exhibit excellent recyclability. Importantly, PDMA-PAL also shows excellent simultaneous adsorption ability of iodide and iodine, and also exhibits stable adsorption activity in actual water. This study provides promising results for the removal of polyvalent radioactive iodine by bulk foam-like palygorskite based adsorbent in environmental remediation.

Discharge Properties and Electrochemical Behaviors of Mg-Zn-xSr Magnesium Anodes for Mg-Air Batteries.

In this work, the electrochemical and discharge properties of Mg-Zn-xSr (x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 wt.%) alloys used as anodes for Mg-air batteries were systematically studied via microstructure characterization, electrochemical techniques, and Mg-air battery test methods. The addition of Sr refines the grain size, changes the composition and morphology of the passivation film and discharge products, and enhances the electrochemical properties of the alloy. Excessive Sr addition breaks the grain boundaries and precipitates a large number of Sr-rich phases, resulting in microgalvanic corrosion and the 'chunk effect'. The anode efficiency of Mg-Zn-1Sr is the highest at a current density of 10 mA cm-2, reaching 61.86%, and the energy density is 2019 mW h g-1. Therefore, Sr is a microalloying element that can optimize the electrochemical performance of Mg-air battery alloy anodes.

Research of influence of diluent on the mechanical behavior of triaxial warp-knitted composites

The composites are prepared by different processes of reinforcement and matrix, which are affected by the properties of reinforcement and matrix. In this study, composite specimens were fabricated using vacuum-assisted resin infusion (VARI) with varying mass fractions (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) of a diluent mixed with the resin and curing agent, serving as the matrix. Triaxial warp-knitted glass fabric was employed as the reinforcement material. The impact of the diluent mass fraction on the bending, impact, and creep properties of the composites was investigated. The least squares fitting method was applied to analyze the experimental data, leading to the establishment of a mathematical model correlating the diluent mass fraction with the bending strength. The optimal diluent mass fraction for achieving the best bending properties was determined. Furthermore, the failure mechanisms of the composites were examined through an analysis of their thermodynamic properties, reaction principles, and fracture morphologies. The results show that the epoxy group in the diluent will be connected to the cross-linking network structure of epoxy resin by ring-opening reaction, and excessive addition will lead to the increase of flexible chain segments, which makes the mechanical properties of the specimens increase first and then decrease. The mathematical model was verified by experiments, and the mass fraction of diluent was 9.65% when the bending property was optimal.

Enhanced performance of aerobic granular sludge-membrane system through the utilization of different iron-based nano-metal oxides for mitigating membrane fouling

Fe3O4, γ-Fe2O3, and α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles play a crucial role in influencing the adsorption capacity and pretreatment efficacy as iron-based nano-metal oxides due to their distinct structural and physicochemical properties. However, the impact of these adsorbents on membrane filtration efficiency remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the influence of these three adsorbents on membrane fouling in an aerobic granular sludge–membrane system (AGSMS) used for municipal wastewater reuse treatment. The results demonstrated that under optimal conditions, γ-Fe2O3 exhibited superior effectiveness in removing low and medium molecular weight contaminants from wastewater, resulting in a higher normalized flux (0.59) and reduced total fouling resistance (2.66 × 1011 m−1). It also showed the highest removal rate for organic matter and suspended solids, making it particularly effective in mitigating AGSMS membrane fouling. However, excessive addition (2 g/L) of Fe3O4, γ-Fe2O3, and α-Fe2O3 could potentially hinder the proper operation of the AGSMS. Pre-adsorption facilitated the formation of a porous cake layer while inhibiting standard blocking behavior. Additionally, the extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek theory analysis revealed a substantial energy barrier between membrane-foulant interactions (125.65 kT) as well as foulant-foulant interactions (62.06 kT) within the γ-Fe2O3 system, confirming its exceptional antifouling characteristics. This study offers valuable insights into the selection of iron oxide adsorbents for membrane fouling mitigation and wastewater reuse.

Design, microstructure, wear and corrosion behaviors of laser clad FeNiCoCrMo0.3Nbx hypoeutectic high entropy alloys coatings

FeNiCoCrMo0.3Nbx (x = 0.15, 0.40 and 0.55 in molar ratio) hypoeutectic high entropy alloys (HEAs) coatings are prepared by laser cladding (LC) designed by binary eutectic composition strategy. Nbx HEAs coatings present FCC + Laves duplex. Under the joint action of various strengthening mechanisms, the average microhardness of Nb0.15, Nb0.40 and Nb0.55 coatings is as high as 480.5 ± 7, 510.2 ± 6 and 540.6 ± 5 HV0.2, respectively. The unique fluctuating oxide film of the HEAs coatings plays a role in reducing wear, with the specific wear rates of 0.37 × 10−4, 0.22 × 10−4 and 0.18 × 10−4 mm3/Nm for Nb0.15, Nb0.40, and Nb0.55 cladding layers, respectively. The Nbx HEAs coatings displayed excellent corrosion resistance in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. For Nb0.15 and Nb0.40 HEAs coatings, the increase of Nb promotes the formation of passivation film and improves corrosion resistance. However, the higher dislocation density intensifies the chemical inhomogeneity of the alloy due to excessive addition of Nb, which is not conducive to the corrosion resistance of Nb0.55 HEAs coating. The Nb0.40 cladding layer exhibits better corrosion resistance, and the Icorr is only 1.24 ± 0.6 μA/cm2. Combined with Mott-Schottky (M-S) test, the carrier densities (ND) of three HEAs coatings are increased in the order of Nb0.40 (1.09 × 1021 cm−3) < Nb0.15 (1.83 × 1021 cm−3) < Nb0.55 (3.57 × 1021 cm−3), indicating that the strong protective passivation film is also a key factor to achieve better corrosion resistance.

Characterization of Sm-rich phase and properties of hypereutectic Al-Ni alloys modified by Sm

The impact of Samarium (Sm) addition on hypereutectic Al-Ni alloys was systematically investigated, focusing on microstructural changes and thermal-physical, mechanical properties. The addition of 0.1–0.5 wt% Sm resulted in the refinement of primary Al3Ni phases from coarse lath-like structures to small particles, enhancing mechanical properties and reducing thermal expansion coefficients (CTE). Thermal conductivity (TC) improved with 0.1–0.3 wt% Sm addition, but declined at the amount of 0.5 wt%. Excessive Sm addition leads to the formation of a Sm-rich phase, characterized by a two-phase mixed structure of Al11(Ni, Sm)3 surrounded by Al4Sm. Sm addition lowered the precipitation temperature of the primary Al3Ni phase, inducing significant constitutional undercooling and exhibiting a phase refinement effect. The Al-9Ni-0.3Sm alloy showed excellent performance, with a TC of 211.8 W/(m·K), CTE of 17.3×10−6/K (@25–100 °C), ultimate tensile strength of 169.5 MPa, and elongation of 10.4 %. Optimal addition of Sm improved TC, mechanical properties as well as reduced the CTE in the Al alloy at the same time and showed a good modification effect.

Mechanism of air-entraining agent to improve the properties of coal-based solid waste backfill

Fly ash exhibits volcanic ash activity and can be utilized as a cementitious material to reduce filling costs. The limited flow characteristics of mine solid waste filling slurry can impact backfill efficiency. Instead of using a large amount of cement, we employ fly ash as a cementing material to prepare filling slurries with varying air-entraining agent dosages. The results indicate that as the air-entraining agent dosage increases from 0 to 8%, the fluidity of the filling slurry improves, and the strength increases within the first 5 days of curing. The strength of the filling increases initially from 5 to 28 days of curing with the increase in air-entraining agent dosage, reaching a peak at 4% dosage, with an 11.35% higher strength compared to the filling body without the air-entraining agent. The microscopic pore structure and hydration product analysis reveal that introducing an appropriate amount of bubbles results in an even distribution of cementitious material and aggregates, improving fluidity and strength. However, excessive addition of air-entraining agents inhibits the growth of C–S–H and the filling ability of AFt for primary pores, ultimately impacting the long-term strength growth of the filling body.

Large Scale Production of Lithium and Sodium Based NMC Oxide Cathodes

The ongoing embrace of innovative renewable energy conversion methods, couple with diverse and dynamic energy storage applications, necessitates the adoption of new adaptable process lines in industrial settings [1]. The adopting process line and methods are chosen based on various factors like overall cost, sustainable process, adaptable infrastructure, and pollution standards. Interestingly recent developments in lithium containing high energy dense battery for electric mobility solutions require varied industrial solutions in every other step for adopting the transition ahead. For example, high temperature treatment during large-scale production of lithium like volatile elements containing multi cation oxide battery materials suffer inconsistency in the nominal composition of its final product[2]. Currently, industries producing lithium-based battery materials use scalable techniques like sol-gel / coprecipitation based batch processing[3]. To offset lithium losses or incorporate lithium content, conventional approaches involve the use of complex precursors, excess lithium addition, and subsequent post-processing techniques. However, the conventional two-step process leads to uncontrollable lithium content during large scale production. Hence, in this study, we propose a new methodology based on thermal plasma spray pyrolysis and its optimization for large scale production of lithium and sodium based multi-cation oxide materials. Spray pyrolysis is a robust large scale production process utilized in multitude industries. Conventionally, spray pyrolysis-based techniques are used in industry to achieve relatively simple compound or two step procedures to achieve desired uniform, phase purity, and structures[4-7]. Herein, thermal plasma-based spray pyrolysis utilizes the plasma environment to pyrolyze the precursors of multiple cationic elements before depositing at a shorter distance. Optimization of spray pyrolysis parameters is made such that, lithium content is maintained and multi-cation oxide with phase purity, uniformity, and narrow size distribution is achieved. The advantage of the proposed method lies in adaptability of simpler precursors, cost, and time effectiveness. Thermal plasma-based spray pyrolysis mediated synthesis of uniform Lithium and Manganese rich NMC (Li-NMC) Li1.2MO2 (M = Ni (0.1), Mn (0.6), Co (0.1)) cathode material is attempted and achieved the reported rock salt pattern αNaFeO2 structure without cation mixing in the layered structure. X-ray diffraction results confirm that both Lithium NMC oxide and Sodium NMC oxides resulted in high phase purity. The layered nature of the samples identified from distinct hexagonal doublet (018) / (110) around 65º 2θ. Li-NMC resulted in a capacity of 160 mAh g-1. Optimized synthesis parameters of the thermal plasma spray pyrolysis method resulted in a production yield rate of 5 g min-1. Microscopic examination reveals cuboid shape of nanostructures with an average size of approximately 200 nm and narrow size distribution. Similarly, optimization of production scale parameters for Na-NMC oxide is being carried out.

Low-Temperature Water Electrolysis Under a Sustained pH-Gradient for the Electrochemically-Induced Decarbonation of Limestone into Hydrated Lime

Conventional low-temperature water electrolysis processes operate either at high or low pH to enhance conductivity, minimizing electrical resistance. Neutral water electrolysis in a buffer solution is considered non-competitive due to higher energy consumption. Nevertheless, interest in water electrolysis using a salt-based electrolyte has grown due to its ability to generate a pH gradient inside the cell. Electrolysis using a neutral salt-based electrolyte has higher operating costs due to its higher standard equilibrium potential (due to the pH gradient) and lower conductivity. Although this approach incurs higher operating costs, it presents a unique advantage: the production of additional valuable elements thanks to the pH gradient generated.In 2019, Ellis & al. [1] highlighted the possibility to use this pH gradient to electrify the production of hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide). Lime has applications in different areas such as the removal of impurities during steel production and aqueous or gaseous effluent treatments. It can also be used as a precursor of cement. Cement production is accounting for 8% of global CO2 emissions. The acidity generated by water oxidation at the anode dissolves the calcium carbonate inserted. Carbon dioxide from the dissolution is recovered with the oxygen generated. The calcium cations migrate through the cationic membrane towards the cathodic compartment to react with the hydroxide ions generated by water reduction at the cathode. Calcium hydroxide is finally collected after precipitation. Figure 1 compares the conventional process with the electrochemical way and describes more precisely the steps involved in Figure 1. More recently, another way of exploiting this gradient has been proposed by Ni & al. [2] for the recycling of spent Li-ion batteries. With the growing interest in process electrification, other applications may emerge.In this paper, this hybrid electrochemical system for the simultaneous production of hydrogen, oxygen and calcium hydroxide has been intensively studied. Water electrolysis has been performed in a two-compartment cell at different applied currents. Calcium concentration and pH measurement enabled the study of the sub-step efficiencies and equilibria in anodic and cathodic chambers. Perfect faradic efficiencies were obtained with perchlorate salt electrolytes and platinum-free electrodes. The establishment of the pH gradient has been proven and correlated with the transport number of protons through the cationic membrane. Finally, the kinetics of calcium ion migration and calcium hydroxide precipitation have been investigated as well. Continuous addition of calcium carbonate as opposed to a single excess addition was shown to be able to tune the working pH in the anodic compartment and thereby reducing the risk of precipitation on the membrane. Our experimental results lead to the formulation of practical recommendations for achieving optimal reaction stoichiometry in each stage. These findings pave the way for scaling up a promising new sustainable process for lime and cement production.[1] L. D. Ellis, A. F. Badel and M. L. Chiang, "Toward electrochemical synthesis of cement," PNAS, vol. 117, no. 23, pp. 12584-12591, 2019.[2] N. Jihong, Z. Jiayin, B. Jinhong and G. Xiaofei, "Recycling the cathode materials of spent Li-ion batteries in a H-Shaped neutral water electrolysis cell," Separation and Putification Technology , vol. 278, p. 119485, 2022. Figure 1 - Conventional and electrochemical production route of Ca(OH)2 and a simplified scheme of the hybrid electrolyzer used in this work, with the reactions involved. Figure 1

Phase and defect structures of MnO2‐doped 75BiFeO3–25BaTiO3 ceramics and their effects on electrical properties

AbstractBismuth ferrite (BiFeO3)‐based high‐temperature piezoelectric ceramics have high Curie temperatures and excellent thermal stability; however, their applications are limited by inadequate piezoelectric performance due to large coercive fields and high leakage conduction. This study investigates the impact of MnO2 doping on the phase transition, defect structure, domain morphology, as well as the dielectric, ferroelectric, and electrical conduction behaviors of 75BiFeO3–25BaTiO3 ceramics sintered under an oxygen atmosphere. A structural transformation from distorted rhombohedral to pseudo‐cubic symmetry was observed with increasing MnO2 content, accompanied by domain fragmentation. MnO2 doping at an appropriate level inhibited defects such as and . Regarding electrical properties, the reduction in rhombohedral distortion and enhancement in the pseudo‐cubic phase after MnO2 doping resulted in decreased remanent polarization and electrostrain, which could potentially hinder piezoelectric response. However, appropriate MnO2 doping effectively reduced leakage conduction, significantly enhancing the poling efficiency of the ceramics. The maximum d33 value of 107 pC/N and kp of 0.36 were achieved at an MnO2 doping content of 0.1 wt.%. Excessive MnO2 addition may generate defect dipoles, as indicated by increased coercive field (Ec) and dielectric loss. The observed increase in high‐temperature resistivity with MnO2 content is primarily attributed to reduced grain size and increased concentration of mobile defects. This study provides valuable insights for further research on the application of 75BiFeO3–25BaTiO3 systems in high‐temperature piezoelectric devices.

Transforming Tofu Quality Control: Integrating Statistical Process Control, Ishikawa, and Interpretive Structural Modeling for Superior Outcomes

In a highly competitive market, maintaining high product quality is essential for maintaining customer satisfaction and loyalty. Producers are famous in East Java and face the challenge of ensuring consistent quality products through strict production processes. Know that as easy products broken and soft, needy control of careful quality to meet hope consumers about freshness, texture, and quality in a way whole. Although traditional control methods often fail to overcome the production complex that causes a disabled product. This research proposes integrating Statistical Process Control (SPC), Ishikawa diagrams, and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) to improve control quality. SPC makes it possible to monitor and control production processes in real-time, identify deviations, and repair deviations. However, the SPC limitations include a focus on quantitative data and post-incident detection problems. To overcome root problems, the Ishikawa diagram categorizes the reasons for potency as material, machine, method, power work, and environment. ISM prioritizes action repair based on impact and relationship. Approach This integrated approach provides comprehensive solutions to improve the quality of knowledge. In this study, the control process quality was evaluated using SPC, the cause of defects was identified using Ishikawa diagrams, and priority action repair was performed via ISM. Findings show that SPC directly effectively monitors process control, the Ishikawa diagram identifies main defects, and ISM prioritizes impactful action improvements, emphasizes excessive additions to subtraction materials, and improves health workers’ and mixing process material standards. Approach integrated possible identification of additional problems and improved the quality strategic makes a significant contribution to enhancing product quality knowledge.

Catalytic properties of Fe-based amorphous alloys based on LPBF

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing technology has the advantages of high forming accuracy and rapid cooling. It is expected to overcome the limitations of forming difficulties in amorphous alloys and provide a new opportunity for the production of amorphous alloy structural parts. In this paper, FeSiBCrC amorphous alloy powder was used to prepare Fe-based amorphous alloy samples by LPBF technology. In view of the excellent properties of Fe-based amorphous alloy, the catalytic degradation performance of Fe-based amorphous alloy samples prepared by LPBF was systematically investigated. The catalytic degradation performance of the Fe-based amorphous alloy was optimised by changing the reaction conditions. In the methyl orange (MO) dye degradation experiment, the degradation rate reached 90.99 % within 10 min. Increasing the sample dosage and reaction temperature can improve the degradation efficiency, but excessive addition of H2O2, raising the pH and the initial dye concentration will reduce the degradation efficiency. In addition, in the cyclic catalytic experiment, it was found that it has self-renewing performance, and the degradation efficiency was still higher than 95 % within 35 min after repeated degradation 12 times. Fe-based amorphous alloy catalysts prepared on the basis of LPBF have good catalytic activity and will provide economical and effective technical support for wastewater treatment.

Effects of NiO addition on the microstructural evolution and performance of sintered magnesia aggregates

This study introduces a novel approach to enhance the properties of sintered magnesium oxide (MgO) aggregates by incorporating nickel oxide (NiO) powder as a solid-solution modification additive. The addition of NiO improves the densification of the specimens and promotes grain growth through the activation of sintering via the solid-solution reaction of MgO–NiO at high temperatures. The formation of the (Mg, Ni)O solid-solution structure enhances the strength of the specimens, while gradually reducing thermal conductivity. However, excessive addition of NiO (>6 mol%) adversely affects the sintering properties of the specimens due to limited diffusive mass transfer rate during sintering and the Zener effect, resulting in diminished grain size and strength. Although thermal conductivity is not significantly affected, at 1000 °C, one specimen (MN-6) demonstrates a 61.03 % decrease in thermal conductivity compared to a specimen without NiO addition. These findings suggest that the incorporation of a moderate amount of NiO enhances the corrosion resistance of the cement clinker of the specimens primarily by increasing densification, grain size, and high-temperature contact angle.

Plant oil body as an effective improver for surimi-based 3D printing

Plant oil body (POB) is a natural oil droplet in micron- or submicron-scale covered by a specific shell composed of proteins and phospholipids, it has arisen numerous research interests in food industry due to its excellent emulsifying ability and great safety as natural product. In this study, POB has been exploited as an effective textural enhancer in surimi-based 3D food printing, and the underpinned mechanisms were investigated. First, POB with great rheological and emulsifying properties was prepared from peanuts, which behaved as a high internal phase emulsion. Second, for the first time, POB was introduced into surimi-based inks, which was able to facilitate the rearrangement of myofibrillar proteins through emulsification, thus ensuring fidelity and stability of 3D-printed surimi structures. The best printing performance was achieved at 2 % POB addition without compromising the surimi gel properties. However, excessive POB addition resulted in decreased viscosity, printing failure, and deteriorated gel characteristics. Third, a new mechanism was proposed to elucidate the interaction between POB and surimi proteins. On the one hand, POB physically filled in the gaps between proteins to increase the continuity and integrity of the surimi inks, thus improving the printability. On the other hand, POB with active surface altered the surimi protein molecular structure to boost the formation of hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds, leading to improved gel properties. Overall, this study demonstrated that POB was an effective improver for surimi-based 3D printing, providing new insights on developing new application of POB in food industry.

Sustainable nitrogen fixation by bubble discharge plasma: Performance optimization and mechanism

Sustainable nitrogen fixation driven by renewable energy sources under mild conditions has been widely sought to replace the industrial Haber-Bosch process. The fixation of nitrogen in the form of NOx− and NH4+ into aqueous solutions using electricity-driven gas–liquid discharge plasma is considered a promising prescription. In this paper, a scalable bubble discharge excited by nanosecond pulse power is employed for nitrogen fixation in the liquid phase. The nitrogen fixation performance and the mechanisms are analyzed by varying the power supply parameters, working gas flow rate and composition. The results show that an increase in voltage and frequency can result in an enhanced NO3− yield. Increases in the gas flow rate can result in inadequate activation of the working gas, which together with more inefficient mass transfer efficiencies can reduce the yield. The addition of O2 effectively elevates NO3− production while simultaneously inhibiting NH4+ production. The addition of H2O vapor increases the production of OH and H, thereby promoting the generation of reactive nitrogen and enhancing the yield of nitrogen fixation. However, the excessive addition of O2 and H2O vapor results in negative effect on the yield of nitrogen fixation, due to the significant weakening of the discharge intensity. The optimal nitrogen fixation yield was up to 16.5 μmol/min, while the optimal energy consumption was approximately 21.3 MJ/mol in this study. Finally, the mechanism related to nitrogen fixation is discussed through the optical emission spectral (OES) information in conjunction with the simulation of energy loss paths in the plasma by BOLSIG + . The work advances knowledge of the effect of parameter variations on nitrogen fixation by gas–liquid discharge for higher yield and energy production.

Des premières priorités, un hasard imprévu, applaudir des deux mains, découvrir pour la première fois … ou des phrasèmes pléonastiques en français et en polonais contemporains

In this article, we present a comparative study of approximately hundred pleonastic collocational phrasemes in French, created through three specific syntactic patterns: N+Adj / Adj+N or N de/à N and V+Adv, and their Polish equivalents. We attempt to explain the semantic mechanisms of pleonasm construction. Some of these pleonasms are due to the speakers' ignorance or thoughtlessness, making them incorrect and to be avoided in official language. Others are intentional and useful, as they add additional value such as emphasis or intensity, precision and explanation to the meaning of the constructed phrasemes. The componential analysis we propose as a method of analysis, demonstrates either a semantic congruence, that is a useful correlation between the sememes of the components of pleonastic phrasemes, or excessive and useless addition. In other words, it allows us to verify whether the redundancy of meaning has any utility or is perfectly superfluous.