Exceptional Stability Research Articles

Modulating charge transfer and constructing synergistic bimetallic active sites for CO-SCR reactions in inverse spinel

The selective catalytic reduction of NO by CO (CO-SCR) are frequently catalyzed by spinel due to its exceptional stability and redox capabilities. In this research, a ternary metal-based inverse spinel catalyst Cu0.67Mn0.33Fe2O4 was synthesized utilizing the glycerol self-templating technique. Some Fe3+ (Fe3+Td) sites are transferred to vacant octahedral sites through the occupancy of tetrahedral sites by Mn species. Mn3+ (Mn3+Td) sites synergistically interact with Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions on the octahedral sites to promote charge transfer, producing numerous oxygen-defective and highly mobile oxygen species and constructing Cu+-Ov-Fe2+ active sites on the surface. Various characterizations demonstrated that Cu+-Ov-Fe2+ has greater catalytic activity, resistance to alkali metals, and water toxicity than the Cu2+-Ov-Fe2+ active site of CuFe2O4. In situ DRIFTS further revealed the reaction mechanism of the ternary metal-based inverse spinel catalyst, and this study provides novel perspectives on the development of Cu-based catalysts for CO-SCR.

Improving the Cellular Internalization of Zr(IV) Nanocages by Tuning Hydrophilicity and Lipophilicity.

Nanoscale molecular materials have emerged as a new class of compounds at the nanometer scale with well-defined chemical structures, remarkable uniformity and high reproducibility. Among these materials, zirconium-based metal-organic cages (MOCs) have attracted significant attention due to their exceptional stability and applications in catalysis, recognition and separation and so on. However, their poor water solubility impedes their biomedical applications. In this study, decorating the ligand with Ru(II) complexes can not only improve the water solubility but also endow bright red fluorescence with large Stokes shift (180 nm). Notably, butyl-modification of the cyclopentadiene rings can significantly enhance the cell uptake (100 folds) of nanocages via actin- and dynamin-mediated endocytosis. The unique advantages and easy modifiability of these nanocages make them highly promising candidates for diverse biological applications.

Ternary Eutectic Electrolyte for Flexible Wide-Temperature Zinc-Ion Batteries from -20 °C to 70 °C.

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted attention for grid applications due to their cost-effectiveness and high security. However, their lifespan decreases at high temperatures due to declining interfacial stability and increased side reactions. To address these challenges, a ternary deep eutectic solvent-based flexible electrolyte, comprised of Zn(ClO4)2 ⋅ 6H2O, butanedinitrile (BD), and LiCl in an amphoteric polymer matrix, was developed to enable wide-temperature ZIBs working from -20 °C to 70 °C. The interactions among BD, Li+, and zinc hydrate alongside the amphoteric groups on the polyelectrolyte matrix could effectively suppress the interfacial side reactions and Zn dendrites formation. Consequently, the symmetric Zn cell demonstrates exceptional stability across a wide-temperature range, with the ability to survive up to 2780 hours (1 mA cm-2) at 50 °C. Furthermore, the flexible Zn||PANI battery can operate stably over 1000 cycles at 50 °C, boasting an initial specific capacity of 124.8 mAh g-1 and capacity retention rate of 87.9 % (3 A g-1). This work presents an effective strategy for designing high-stability energy storage devices with excellent security features that can function reliably across diverse temperature conditions.

Multi‐Stage Optimization of Pore Size and Shape in Pore‐Space‐Partitioned Metal–Organic Frameworks for Highly Selective and Sensitive Benzene Capture

AbstractCompared to exploratory development of new structure types, pushing the limits of isoreticular synthesis on a high‐performance MOF platform may have higher probability of achieving targeted properties. Multi‐modular MOF platforms could offer even more opportunities by expanding the scope of isoreticular chemistry. However, navigating isoreticular chemistry towards best properties on a multi‐modular platform is challenging due to multiple interconnected pathways. Here on the multi‐modular pacs (partitioned acs) platform, we demonstrate accessibility to a new regime of pore geometry using two independently adjustable modules (framework‐forming module 1 and pore‐partitioning module 2). A series of new pacs materials have been made. Benzene/cyclohexane selectivity is tuned, progressively, from 4.5 to 15.6 to 195.4 and to 482.5 by pushing the boundary of the pacs platform towards the smallest modules known so far. The exceptional stability of these materials in retaining both porosity and single crystallinity enables single‐crystal diffraction studies of different crystal forms (as‐synthesized, activated, guest‐loaded) that help reveal the mechanistic aspects of adsorption in pacs materials.

Ternary Eutectic Electrolyte for Flexible Wide‐Temperature Zinc‐Ion Batteries from −20 °C to 70 °C

AbstractAqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted attention for grid applications due to their cost‐effectiveness and high security. However, their lifespan decreases at high temperatures due to declining interfacial stability and increased side reactions. To address these challenges, a ternary deep eutectic solvent‐based flexible electrolyte, comprised of Zn(ClO4)2 ⋅ 6H2O, butanedinitrile (BD), and LiCl in an amphoteric polymer matrix, was developed to enable wide‐temperature ZIBs working from −20 °C to 70 °C. The interactions among BD, Li+, and zinc hydrate alongside the amphoteric groups on the polyelectrolyte matrix could effectively suppress the interfacial side reactions and Zn dendrites formation. Consequently, the symmetric Zn cell demonstrates exceptional stability across a wide‐temperature range, with the ability to survive up to 2780 hours (1 mA cm−2) at 50 °C. Furthermore, the flexible Zn||PANI battery can operate stably over 1000 cycles at 50 °C, boasting an initial specific capacity of 124.8 mAh g−1 and capacity retention rate of 87.9 % (3 A g−1). This work presents an effective strategy for designing high‐stability energy storage devices with excellent security features that can function reliably across diverse temperature conditions.

Multi-Stage Optimization of Pore Size and Shape in Pore-Space-Partitioned Metal-Organic Frameworks for Highly Selective and Sensitive Benzene Capture.

Compared to exploratory development of new structure types, pushing the limits of isoreticular synthesis on a high-performance MOF platform may have higher probability of achieving targeted properties. Multi-modular MOF platforms could offer even more opportunities by expanding the scope of isoreticular chemistry. However, navigating isoreticular chemistry towards best properties on a multi-modular platform is challenging due to multiple interconnected pathways. Here on the multi-modular pacs (partitioned acs) platform, we demonstrate accessibility to a new regime of pore geometry using two independently adjustable modules (framework-forming module 1 and pore-partitioning module 2). A series of new pacs materials have been made. Benzene/cyclohexane selectivity is tuned, progressively, from 4.5 to 15.6 to 195.4 and to 482.5 by pushing the boundary of the pacs platform towards the smallest modules known so far. The exceptional stability of these materials in retaining both porosity and single crystallinity enables single-crystal diffraction studies of different crystal forms (as-synthesized, activated, guest-loaded) that help reveal the mechanistic aspects of adsorption in pacs materials.

Corannulene-Based Quintuple [6]/[7]Helicenes: Well-Preserved Bowl Core, Inhibited Bowl Inversion and Supramolecular Assembly with Fullerenes.

Herein, corannulene-based quintuple [6]helicenes (Q[6]H-1 and Q[6]H-2) and [7]helicene (Q[7]H) were synthesized via penta-fold Heck and Mallory reaction. Notably, Q[7]H represents the highest reported helicene based on corannulene. X-ray crystallography reveals that Q[6]H-2 adopts a propeller-shaped conformation with a well-preserved corannulene core, while Q[6]H-1 and Q[7]H exhibit quasi-propeller-shaped conformations. Upon heating, conformer Q[6]H-1 undergoes conversion to the thermodynamically more stable conformer Q[6]H-2, whereas conformer Q[7]H remains unchanged due to larger steric congestion. Racemization of the enantiomer of Q[6]H-1 and conformational conversion were observed simultaneously at elevated temperature, with DFT studies indicating a racemization barrier of 32.06 kcal ⋅ mol-1. In contrast, the racemization barrier for Q[6]H-2 was calculated to be 45.46 kcal ⋅ mol-1, indicating exceptional chiral stability. Surprisingly, the bowl inversions of Q[6]H-1 and Q[6]H-2 conformers are somewhat inhibited by the helical blades, whereas this was not observed for other possible conformers of Q[6]H. These results first demonstrated that subtle conformational variations can lead to significant changes in chiral stability and bowl inversions of multiple helicenes. Due to the well-preserved corannulene core, propeller-shaped conformation and electron complementarity, Q[6]H-2 can recognize fullerenes in both solution and solid state, which is a rare instance of co-crystallization assembly between multiple helicenes and fullerenes.

Copper Catalysts Anchored on Cysteine-Functionalized Polydopamine-Coated Magnetite Particles: A Versatile Platform for Enhanced Coupling Reactions.

Cysteine plays a crucial role in the development of an efficient copper-catalyst system, where its thiol group serves as a strong anchoring site for metal coordination. By immobilizing copper onto cysteine-modified, polydopamine-coated magnetite particles, this advanced catalytic platform exhibits exceptional stability and catalytic activity. Chemical modification of the polydopamine (PDA) surface with cysteine enhances copper salt immobilization, leading to the formation of the Fe3O4@PDA-Cys@Cu platform. This system was evaluated in palladium-free, copper-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reactions, effectively catalyzing the coupling of terminal acetylenes with aryl halides. Additionally, the Fe3O4@PDA-Cys@Cu platform was employed in click reactions, confirming the enhanced catalytic efficiency due to increased copper content. The reusability of the platform was further investigated, demonstrating improved performance, especially in recyclability tests in click reaction, making it a promising candidate for sustainable heterogeneous catalysis.

An active and durable perovskite electrode with reversibly phase transition-induced exsolution for protonic ceramic cells

Protonic ceramic cells (PCCs) possess great application potential, attributed to their cleanliness and high energy conversion efficiency. However, designing active air electrodes with both high stability is challenging. Herein, we report a nanospinel-modified perovskite oxide, Nd0.5Ba0.5Mn0.7Co0.15Ni0.15O3−δ-(CoxNiy)3O4 (CNO@NBMCN), obtained by a reversibly phase transition-induced exsolution process, as a highly active and durable air electrode for PCCs. Phase-field simulations reveal the intrinsic mechanism of nanoparticles strongly pinning to the substrate in a high-temperature oxidizing environment. The CNO@NBMCN electrode exhibits remarkable low area specific resistance (0.38 Ω cm2 at 600 °C) and exceptional stability (degradation rate 0.01 % h−1). It is confirmed by soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy that the construction of the heterostructure leads to more distortion in Mn–O octahedra and weaker metal–oxygen bonds, thereby contributing to the formation of oxygen vacancies. And the exceptionally high durability supported by both fast ion surface exchange and charge transfer at triple-phase boundaries. A single cell with the CNO@NBMCN air electrode achieves outstanding performances in the fuel cell (peak power density of 1.28 W cm−2) and electrolysis modes (current density of −2.14 A cm−2 at 1.3 V), recorded at 700 °C. This work inspires innovative design concepts for robust heterogeneous electrocatalysts.

A Multisite Atomic‐Oxygen Anchoring Strategy Affords Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

AbstractLewis base molecules are widely used to passivate structural defects in perovskites. However, the spatial compatibility between these molecules and the perovskite lattice is seldom considered. Herein, a multisite atomic‐oxygen (O) anchoring passivation strategy using 1,1,2,2‐tetra(4‐methoxyphenyl)ethene (TMPE), which contains four electronegative O atoms to selectively anchor iodine vacancies and passivate under‐coordinated Pb2+ or MA+ defects is proposed. It is found that the distance between any three O atoms in a TMPE molecule matches that of iodine ions in the lattice structure, thereby maximizing passivation effects and enhancing lattice stability. Additionally, the coordination of TMPE facilitates the formation of larger colloid sizes in the precursor solution, effectively regulating crystal growth. Due to the molecular extrusion effect, TMPE‐based anchors localize on the surface, passivating defects and mitigating nonradiative recombination. As a result, defects in MA‐based and FA‐based perovskite films are significantly reduced, achieving optimized power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 19.9% and 24.5%, while exhibiting exceptional stability by retaining 90% of initial PCE after 1200 h of storage without encapsulation. This single molecule‐controlled perovskite multisite anchoring strategy would help resolve lattice stability issue caused by perovskite defects, thereby paving the pathway for the development of high‐performance and highly stable perovskite solar cells.

Ecofriendly Dyeing Strategy Based on Dyeing Kinetics and Thermodynamic Analysis for Melt-Spun Polyurethane Fibers.

Melt-spun polyurethane fibers (MSPUFs) have garnered popularity owing to efficient production methods and exceptional stability. However, the development of the MSPUF has been restricted by challenges such as poor dyeability as well as energy and cost concerns associated with the dyeing process. Herein, we devised a highly efficient dyeing technique that operates at a lower temperature and a shorter duration. In comparison to conventional dyeing methods, our novel approach reduces the temperature from 98 to 75 °C, while reducing the amount of dye utilized by 25% and the dyeing time by 50%. In this method, the modifier increases both the positive charge and the amorphous zone of the fiber, while rational dyeing conditions are designed based on thermodynamic and kinetic analyses. This strategy enabled a 76.3% increase in E% and a 45.9% increase in K/S values at reduced temperatures and a shorter time while simultaneously improving the dye-fiber bonding fastness. This research methodology not only enhances the dyeing performance of MSPUF but also reduces energy consumption and dyeing costs, presenting an ecofriendly and economically novel approach for the development of dyeable MSPUF.

CVD‐Synthesized CsAg2I3 Single Crystals toward Polarization UV Photodetection and Anti‐Counterfeiting Identification

AbstractLow‐dimensional ternary silver halide (CsAg2I3), an emerging inorganic lead‐free perovskite, has garnered significant scientific attention due to its strong quantum confinement effects, wide bandgaps, non‐toxicity, and others. However, the photophysical properties and optoelectronic performance of CsAg2I3 materials and devices are significantly compromised by crystal quality and defects arising from liquid‐phase preparation. Herein, 1D CsAg2I3 single crystals newly grown by the chemical vapor deposition method are reported. These crystals display exceptional quality and stability over a 3‐month period despite exposure to air and moisture. The high in‐plane anisotropic structure, phonon vibrations, and refractive index of CsAg2I3 crystals are also experimentally elucidated. Polarization‐sensitive ultraviolet photodetector based on the CsAg2I3 monocrystal features a responsivity of 139 mA W−1, a specific detectivity of 1.05 × 1011 cm Hz1/2 W−1, an ultra‐fast photoresponse speed of 48.2/69.1 µs, and a dichroic ratio of 2.66 upon 360 nm irradiation at −5.0 V bias. The photodetector excels amongst its competitors, moving toward the potential application of rapid optical anti‐counterfeiting identification. This work, which leverages grown high‐crystalline and highly stable CsAg2I3 monocrystals, holds promises for advancing this functional material into a robust next‐generation optoelectronic devices capable of probing sensitive optical sensing and specific azimuth recognition.

Optimization of polishing fluid composition for single crystal silicon carbide by ultrasonic assisted chemical-mechanical polishing

Silicon carbide (SiC) is renowned for its exceptional hardness, thermal conductivity, chemical stability, and wear resistance. However, the existing process is difficult to meet the high standards of uniform corrosion in its polishing process and surface roughness and flatness after polishing, new polishing fluids and technique optimization are crucial for development. The study optimized and validated the composition of the polishing fluid used in ultrasonic-assisted chemical-mechanical polishing (UACMP). Abrasives significantly influenced the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra), contributing 67.63% and 56.43%, respectively. Organic bases and pH buffers significantly affected Ra, accounting for 19.66% and 21.44%, respectively. The optimum composition was determined, consisting of triethylamine (3wt%), potassium hydrogen phthalate (1wt%), a composite of silica and alumina abrasive particles (5wt%), and hydrogen peroxide (6wt%), which reduced the Ra from 95 nm to 3 nm. The MRR achieved 25.96 nm/min. In comparison to the 7 nm minimum roughness from the orthogonal test, the optimal scheme’s Ra was reduced by 57.14%, leading to a significant enhancement in overall surface quality. In this paper, a new type of additive is added to prepare the polishing liquid, which provides a new idea for the UACMP of SiC and has a great impact.

Electrodeposited nickel-manganese terephthalic acid metal organic framework for hybrid battery and water splitting

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possessing great potential towards energy storage and conversion applications has led to the intensive investigation of these materials. MOFs are distinguished by their remarkable properties such as customizable pore topologies and abundant redox-active sites. The present investigation showcases the electro-synthesis of flake-like bimetallic nickel-manganese-Terephthalic acid (NiMn-T) MOF nanostructures on nickel foam, an inventive electrode material, in the absence of a binder. Emphasis has been made on the significance of controlling time of electrodeposition to achieve optimum electrochemical performance. The best performing NiMn-T MOF electrode exhibits notable electrochemical characteristics, and therefore integrated as a hybrid supercapacitor’s electrode. The fabricated hybrid device delivers decent energy and power density. From the perspective of water splitting characterizations, NiMn-T MOF showed good HER and excellent OER activities along with an exceptional OER stability of 103 % over 10 h demonstrating its capability for its incorporation into practical applications. Hence, this strategy offers a direct and innovative strategy for the advancement of binder-free electrodes in preparation for the energy storage and conversion systems of the next generation.

Bi-metallic electrochemical deposition on 3D pyrolytic carbon architectures for potential application in hydrogen evolution reaction

ABSTRACT 3D printing has emerged as a highly efficient process for fabricating electrodes in hydrogen evolution through water splitting, whereas metals are the most popular choice of materials in hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) due to their catalytic activity. However, current 3D printing solutions face challenges, including high cost, low surface area, and sub-optimal performance. In this work, we introduce metal-deposited 3D printed pyrolytic carbon (PyC) as a facile and cost-effective HER electrode. We adopt an integrated approach of resin 3D printing, pyrolysis, and electrochemical metal deposition. 3D printing of a resin and its subsequent pyrolysis led to 3D complex architectures of the conductive substrate, facilitating the electrochemical metal deposition and leading to layered 3D metal architecture. Both monolayers of metals (such as copper and nickel) and bi-metallic 3D PyC structures are demonstrated. Each metal layer thickness ranges from 6 to10 µm. The metal coatings, particularly the bi-metallic configurations, result in achieving significantly higher mechanical properties under compressive loading and improved electrical properties due to the synergistic contributions from each metal counterpart. The metalized PyC structures are further demonstrated for HER catalysts, contributing to the development of highly efficient and durable catalyst systems for hydrogen production. Among the materials studied here, Ni@Cu bimetallic 3D PyC electrodes are particularly well-suited, demonstrating a low HER overpotential value of 264 mV (100 mA/cm2, KOH (1 M)) with corresponding Tafel slopes of 107 mV/dec, with exceptional stability during a 10 h operation at a high applied current of −50 mA/cm2.

Dibenzo-peri-Heptacene: A Stable Open-Shell Graphene Fragment With a Balanced Combination of Armchair and Zigzag Edge Structures.

Atomically precise open-shell graphene fragments, such as extended peri-acenes, hold significant interest for electronics and spintronics. However, their inherent high reactivity poses challenges for synthesis and application. In this study, a novel approach is introduced: the fusion of a zigzag-edged peri-tetracene with an all-armchair-edged hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) via two shared benzene rings to produce a stable open-shell hydrocarbon, named dibenzo-peri-heptacene (DBPH). The DBPH derivative 1 exhibits considerably enhanced stability, with a half-life (t1/2) of 46 days in toluene solution under ambient conditions. This improved stability is attributed to peri-benzannulation, enhanced aromatic stabilization, and kinetic protection of the reactive sites along the zigzag edges. The structure of 1 is unequivocally verified through single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. With a balanced combination of armchair and zigzag edge structures, derivative 1 displays a diradical character of 39.2% and a singlet-triplet gap of ≈-3.16 kcalmol-1. It features a narrow electrochemical energy gap (0.87 eV) and exhibits amphoteric redox behavior. Notably, its dication and dianion states manifest a closed-shell singlet ground state, representing doubly charged structures where a HBC unit is fused with a benzo[f]tetraphene moiety. This research paves the way for synthesizing novel open-shell graphene fragments with adjustable electronic properties and exceptional stability.

Asymmetric Bipolar Membrane for High Current Density Electrodialysis Operation with Exceptional Stability

Asymmetric Bipolar Membrane for High Current Density Electrodialysis Operation with Exceptional Stability

Spherical NiS2/Ni17S18–C accelerates ion transport and enhances kinetics for lithium-sulfur battery host material

Transition metal sulfides exhibit notable catalytic activity and possess a high theoretical specific capacity as host materials in lithium-sulfur batteries. However, their restricted conductivity and sluggish Li+ transport hinder their broader application. In this research, we developed a Ni-based metal-organic framework (Ni-MOF) using nitrogen-containing benzimidazole and coupled it with a highly conductive carbon nanotube (CNT) to form NixSy (NiS2–Ni17S18)–C/CNT. The N-doped carbon skeleton derived from the MOF enhances the adsorption and chemical anchoring of polysulfides, while the even distribution of NiS2 and Ni17S18 enhances the redox reaction kinetics. Additionally, the conductive CNT networks aid in rapid electron transport, resulting in improved sulfur utilization. Consequently, the NixSy-C/CNT@S electrode demonstrates an impressive initial specific capacity of 1468 mAh g−1 at 0.2C and maintains 904.4 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles. Moreover, NixSy-C/CNT@S displays exceptional cycle stability, with a capacity retention of 76.20 % and a decay rate of only 0.05 % per cycle after 500 cycles at 0.5C. This study paves the way for the development and synthesis of cathode materials with outstanding electrochemical performance in LSBs.

Temperature tunable broadband filter based on hybridized vanadium dioxide (VO2) metasurface

Abstract In this paper, a novel temperature tunable terahertz (THz) broadband filter based on hybridized vanadium dioxide (VO2) metasurface (MS) was proposed. The designed MS is composed of subwavelength metallic square-grid structure situated between two layers of metallic square-patch structure integrated with VO2 film pad spaced with two layers of dielectric substrate. Utilizing the insulator-metal phase transition characterizations of VO2 in the THz regime, the operation mode of the proposed MS filter accomplishes the broadband transmission-to-reflection transition. Simulation results show that when VO2 is in the insulating state with a lower external temperature, the proposed MS behaves like a broadband filter with transparent window and a transmittance of above 80% over the frequency range of 0.66–1.12 THz. However, when VO2 undergoes the metallic state with a higher external temperature, the MS becomes a broadband filter with low-transmission shielding and exhibiting a transmittance of below 10% across the frequency spectrum from 0.56 THz to 1.4 THz. The physical mechanism of the proposed MS based tunable broadband filter is illustrated by introducing impedance matching theory, equivalent circuit model and field analysis. In addition, the proposed MS structure offers exceptional angular stability and polarization insensitivity, opening up new opportunities for the utilization of energy selective surface in THz applications.

Harnessing the potential of deep eutectic solvents in biocatalysis: design strategies using CO2 to formate reduction as a case study.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as green solvents with versatile applications, demonstrating significant potential in biocatalysis. They often increase the solubility of poorly water-soluble substrates, serve as smart co-substrates, modulate enzyme stereoselectivity, and potentially improve enzyme activity and stability. Despite these advantages, screening for an optimal DES and determining the appropriate water content for a given biocatalytic reaction remains a complex and time-consuming process, posing a significant challenge. This paper discusses the rational design of DES tailored to a given biocatalytic system through a combination of experimental screening and computational tools, guided by performance targets defined by solvent properties and process constraints. The efficacy of this approach is demonstrated by the reduction of CO2 to formate catalyzed by NADH-dependent formate dehydrogenase (FDH). By systematically analyzing FDH activity and stability, NADH stability (both long-term and short-term stability after solvent saturation with CO2), and CO2 solubility in initially selected glycerol-based DESs, we were able to skillfully guide the DES screening process. Considering trade-offs between experimentally determined performance metrics of DESs, 20% solution of choline chloride:glycerol in phosphate buffer (ChCl:Gly80%B) was identified as the most promising solvent system for a given reaction. Using ChCl:Gly as a co-solvent resulted in an almost 15-fold increase in FDH half-life compared to the reference buffer and stabilized the coenzyme after the addition of CO2. Moreover, the 20% addition of ChCl:Gly to the buffer improved the volumetric productivity of FDH-catalyzed CO2 reduction in a batch system compared to the reference buffer. The exceptional stability of the enzyme in this co-solvent system shows great potential for application in continuous operation, which can significantly improve process productivity. Additionally, based on easily measurable physicochemical solvent properties and molecular descriptors derived from COSMO-RS, QSAR models were developed, which successfully predicted enzyme activity and stability, as well as coenzyme stability in selected solvent systems with DESs.