Excellent Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering Activity Research Articles

Fabrication of multifunctional g-C3N4-modified Au/Ag NRs arrays for ultrasensitive and recyclable SERS detection of bisphenol A residues.

Monolayer g-C3N4-modified Au/Ag nanorods (g-C3N4/Au/Ag NRs) array is fabricated as a dual-function platform with high surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) response and excellent photocatalytic degradation ability for bisphenol A (BPA) residues. FDTD simulation results of Au/Ag NRs proves that the electromagnetic field intensity is significantly enhanced at the gap of Ag NRs and Au NPs and the protrusion of Au NPs, which endows the arrays with excellent SERS activity. The arrays exhibit high sensitivity for rhodamine 6G (R6G) (LOD = 1.1 × 10-11 mol/L) and high SERS enhancement (EF = 9.2 × 107). In addition, the g-C3N4/Au/Ag NRs could degrade ˃90% of BPA adsorbed on the substrate surface within 140 min under visible light irradiation, and maintains its SERS activity after repeated use for 4 times. The dual-function platform with high SERS response and excellent recycling capability is proved to be reliable and is very promising for monitoring of BPA residues in food.

Facet junction of CeO2 with high SERS activity for sensitive detection of ATP

Crystal facet engineering is proven to improve charge transfer of semiconductors. However, the facet-dependent properties and potential mechanisms of CeO2 for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance have not been explored. SERS effect is a surface sensitive technology, so it is very important to study the relationship between semiconductor surface topography and SERS activity. Here, we synthesized CeO2 (J2) with co-exposed {100} and {111} facet junction to effectively promote charge transfer (CT) between CeO2 (J2) substrate and methylene blue (MB), so that the SERS activity is significantly enhanced compared to CeO2 with only one exposed facets, which had a higher SERS activity with an enhancement factor (EF) of 3.77 × 106. The phenomenon is due to that the facet junction of CeO2 (J2) can promote electron-hole (e--h+) separation under light irradiation for more efficient CT. In addition, the oxygen vacancies enriched in CeO2 (J2) can provide an extra charge transfer path, which also facilitates the enhancement of SERS activity. Furthermore, the CeO2 (J2) with excellent SERS activity was used to detect ATP with a detection limit of 6.90 nM. This work provides a new SERS platform and opens up a perspective for preparation of SERS semiconductor substrates.

Magnetically Controllable Flowerlike, Polyhedral Ag-Cu-Co3O4 for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering.

Syntheses of Cu-, Ag-, and Ag-Cu-Co3O4 nanomaterials are of interest for a wide range of applications including electrochemistry, thermal catalysis, energy storage, and electronics. However, Co3O4-based nanomaterials have not been explored for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Here, we present Cu-, Ag-, and Ag-Cu-Co3O4 nanomaterials of a hierarchical flower shape comprising two separate phases: a pure Cu or Ag core and multiple Co3O4 branches, in which the optical properties of the core and the magnetic properties of the branches are integrated. In addition, a series of nonmagnetic Cu-dominant Cu-Co-O polyhedra without Co3O4 branches were derived from Cu-Co3O4. The polyhedron morphology can be controlled and transformed among cubes, cuboctahedra, and truncated octahedra by tuning the amounts of ligands and additives to vary the potential energy and growth rate of specific crystal facets. The flowerlike Cu-, Ag-, and Ag-Cu-Co3O4 were characterized for SERS enhancement, showing that Ag-Cu-Co3O4 does not enhance SERS from 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) but dramatically and selectively does so for adsorbed rhodamine 6G. Obviously, the synergy of Ag and Cu within the Co3O4 flower constraint promotes the SERS activity. This type of spinel with not only excellent SERS activity but also ferromagnetism could be of great potential in tandem SERS detection/magnetic separation and related applications.

Rapid, Quantitative, High-Sensitive Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by Gold-Shell Silica-Core Nanospheres-Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Lateral Flow Immunoassay.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is regarded as one of the most harmful pathogenic microorganisms related to foodborne diseases. This paper proposes a rapid-detection biosensor for the sensitive and quantitative analysis of E. coli O157:H7 in biological samples by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). A novel gold-shell silica-core (SiO2/Au) nanosphere (NP) with monodispersity, good stability, and excellent SERS activity was utilized to prepare high-performance tags for the SERS-based LFIA system. The SiO2/Au SERS tags, which were modified with two layers of Raman reporter molecules and monoclonal antibodies, effectively bind with E. coli O157:H7 and form sandwich immune complexes on the test lines. E. coli O157:H7 was quantitatively detected easily by detecting the Raman intensity of the test lines. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) of the SiO2/Au-based SERS-LIFA strips for the target bacteria was 50 cells/mL in PBS solution, indicating these strips are 2,000 times more sensitive than colloidal Au-based LFIA strips. Moreover, the proposed assay demonstrated high applicability in E. coli O157:H7 detection in biological samples, including tap water, milk, human urine, lettuce extract and beef, with a low LOD of 100 cells/mL. Results indicate that the proposed SERS-based LFIA strip is applicable for the sensitive and quantitative determination of E. coli O157:H7.

China: Jiangsu Shuangle - phthalocyanine pigment

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as a powerful sensing tool has been widely used in the food and medical sciences as it is a rapid, convenient and sensitive mean of detecting chemicals, proteins, microorganisms, etc. A variety of different SERS substrates have been fabricated by using conventional methods to contribute to the practical applications of SERS sensing. Inspired by the noble metals which have excellent SERS activity, silver (Ag) is used in this study to coat cotton fabric on a large-scale by using magnetron sputtering. The properties of Ag-coated cotton fabric samples as SERS substrates are evaluated by Raman spectra of the molecular probe, and the mechanisms are also discussed by using finite-difference time-domain simulation and 3D Raman mapping. Its limit of detection for thiram is far lower than the national standard, thus indicating that the substrate in this study is an excellent SERS substrate for use in food science.

Rapid and highly sensitive SERS detection of fungicide based on flexible “wash free” metallic textile

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as a powerful sensing tool has been widely used in the food and medical sciences as it is a rapid, convenient and sensitive mean of detecting chemicals, proteins, microorganisms, etc. A variety of different SERS substrates have been fabricated by using conventional methods to contribute to the practical applications of SERS sensing. Inspired by the noble metals which have excellent SERS activity, silver (Ag) is used in this study to coat cotton fabric on a large-scale by using magnetron sputtering. The properties of Ag-coated cotton fabric samples as SERS substrates are evaluated by Raman spectra of the molecular probe, and the mechanisms are also discussed by using finite-difference time-domain simulation and 3D Raman mapping. Its limit of detection for thiram is far lower than the national standard, thus indicating that the substrate in this study is an excellent SERS substrate for use in food science.

Experimental and theoretical investigation for a hierarchical SERS activated platform with 3D dense hot spots

Hot spots generated from the ultra-small nanogaps will tremendously contribute to the strong electromagnetic field. Therefore, the establishment and design of nanogaps are extremely significant. Here, a hierarchical structure, AgNPs/bilayer graphene/Au nanonet, was proposed to form the dense three-dimensional (3D) hot spots and demonstrated in experiment and theory. Numerous nanometer gaps in the complex Au nanonet structure (∼8.67 nm) and in AgNPs/Au nanonet isolated by bilayer graphene (0.64 nm) were achieved, which is much beneficial for the obtainment of the hot spots. Based on this surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate, an excellent SERS activity (EF ∼ 9.1 × 109), high sensitivity (10−13 and 10−12 M respective for Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and crystal violet (CV)), and SERS signals homogeneity, outstanding reproducibility (maximum intensity deviation from substrate to substrate ∼10.43%) were obtained, which can be attributed to the abundant lateral and vertical hot spots introduced by the hierarchical structure. Moreover, the proposed SERS substrate was used to sensitively detect the harmful malachite green (MG), which exhibits a great prospect as a potential SERS sensor in food safety field and biochemical molecules.

Fabrication of a self-assembled and flexible SERS nanosensor for explosive detection at parts-per-quadrillion levels from fingerprints.

Apart from high sensitivity and selectivity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based trace explosive detection, efficient sampling of explosive residue from real world surfaces is very important for homeland security applications. Herein, we demonstrate an entirely new SERS nanosensor fabrication approach. The SERS nanosensor was prepared by self-assembling chemically synthesized gold triangular nanoprisms (Au TNPs), which we show display strong electromagnetic field enhancements at the sharp tips and edges, onto a pressure-sensitive flexible adhesive film. Our SERS nanosensor provides excellent SERS activity (enhancement factor = ∼6.0 × 106) and limit of detection (as low as 56 parts-per-quadrillions) with high selectivity by chemometric analyses among three commonly military high explosives (TNT, RDX, and PETN). Furthermore, the SERS nanosensors present excellent reproducibility (<4.0% relative standard deviation at 1.0 μM concentration) and unprecedentedly high stability with a "shelf life" of at least 5 months. Finally, TNT and PETN were analyzed and quantified by transferring solid explosive residues from fingerprints left on solid surfaces to the SERS nanosensor. Taken together, the demonstrated sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability of the measurements as well as with the excellent shelf life of our SERS nanosensors obviate the need for complicated sample processing steps required for other analytical techniques, and thus these nanosensors have tremendous potential not only in the field of measurement science but also for homeland security applications to combat acts of terror and military threats.

Flexible, Transparent, and Free-Standing Silicon Nanowire SERS Platform for in Situ Food Inspection.

We demonstrated a flexible transparent and free-standing Si nanowire paper (SiNWP) as a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform for in situ chemical sensing on warping surfaces with high sensitivity. The SERS activity has originated from the three-dimension interconnected nanowire network structure and electromagnetic coupling between closely separated nanowires in the SiNWP. In addition, the SERS activity can be highly improved by functionalizing the SiNWP with plasmonic Au nanoparticles. The hybrid substrate not only showed excellent reproducibility and stability of the SERS signal, but also maintained the flexibility and transparency of the pristine SiNWP. To demonstrate its potential application in food inspection, the Au nanoparticles-modified SiNWP was directly wrapped onto the lemon surface for in situ identification and detection of the pesticide residues. The results showed that the excellent SERS activity and transparency of the hybrid substrate enabled the detection of the pesticides down to 72 ng/cm2, which was much lower than the permitted residue dose in food safety.

Generalized green synthesis of Fe3O4/Ag composites with excellent SERS activity and their application in fungicide detection

This paper reports the generalized green synthesis of a series of Fe3O4/Ag composites by magnetron sputtering method. The amounts of silver nanoparticles located on the hollow Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles can be tuned by controlling the sputtering time. The surfaces of Fe3O4/Ag composites are rough with high density and numerous Ag nanogaps (which can serve as Raman active hot spots to amplify the Raman signal), providing the sound reliability and reproducibility of Raman detection. With p-aminothiophenol and Rhodamine 6G (R6G) for probe molecules, the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) properties of these Fe3O4/Ag composites were studied. It was found that the SERS signal reached the maximum with the sputtering time of 130 s, indicating that this compound had most hot spots. In this paper, we used the composite with the strongest SERS signal for thiram detection, and the detection limit can reach 5 × 10−7 mol/L (about 0.012 ppm), which is lower than the maximal residue limit of 7 ppm in fruit prescribed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The Fe3O4/Ag composites are readily available, easy to carry, and show great potential for applications in universal SERS substrates in practical SERS detection.