Excellent Stability Research Articles

Co(II)-N4 Catalysts for the Coupling of CO2 with Epoxides into Cyclic Carbonates: Catalytic Activity, Computational and Kinetic Studies.

In this study, we synthesized and characterized a series of cobalt(II) complexes bearing linear tetradentate N4 ligands. These Co(II)-N4 complexes proved to be efficient catalysts for the cycloaddition reaction between carbon dioxide and epoxides even at room temperature and 1 bar pressure of carbon dioxide without the need for solvents or cocatalysts. Furthermore, when combined with (triphenylphosphoranylidene)ammonium chloride (PPNCl) as a cocatalyst, the Co-N4 catalysts exhibited an impressive turnover frequency of up to 41,000 h-1 for coupling of epichlorohydrin/CO2. These Co(II)-N4 catalysts were found to have excellent stability and reusability, retaining their catalytic activity after they were recycled seven times. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided a comprehensive mechanism for the cycloaddition reaction, indicating that the rate-determining step is the epoxide ring opening, in both the presence and absence of PPNCl. Further kinetic studies allow us to determine the activation parameters (ΔH‡, ΔS‡, and ΔG‡ at 25 °C) of the coupling reaction using the Eyring equation. The Gibbs free activation energy obtained from the kinetic studies was in close agreement with that of the DFT calculations. The substituent effect on the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 with various substituted styrene oxides was also examined for the first time.

Radiomics analysis for prediction and classification of submucosal tumors based on gastrointestinal endoscopic ultrasonography.

To identify and classify submucosal tumors by building and validating a radiomics model with gastrointestinal endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) images. A total of 144 patients diagnosed with submucosal tumors through gastrointestinal EUS were collected between January 2019 and October 2020. There are 1952 radiomic features extracted from each patient's EUS images. The statistical test and the customized least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression were used for feature selection. Subsequently, an extremely randomized trees algorithm was utilized to construct a robust radiomics classification model specifically tailored for gastrointestinal EUS images. The performance of the model was measured by evaluating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The radiomics model comprised 30 selected features that showed good discrimination performance in the validation cohorts. During validation, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated as 0.9203 and the mean value after 10-fold cross-validation was 0.9260, indicating excellent stability and calibration. These results confirm the clinical utility of the model. Utilizing the dataset provided curated from gastrointestinal EUS examinations at our collaborating hospital, we have developed a well-performing radiomics model. It can be used for personalized and non-invasive prediction of the type of submucosal tumors, providing physicians with aid for early treatment and management of tumor progression.

A REVIEW OF NANOPARTICLE INNOVATIONS IN CANCER THERAPY: IMPLICATIONS, TARGETING MECHANISMS AND CLINICAL PROSPECTS

The main reason for morbidity and death globally is cancer, which has a complex pathophysiology. There are several traditional treatments for cancer, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies. Multiple drug resistance, cytotoxicity, and lack of specificity pose significant challenges to cancer treatments. Molecular diagnostics and cancer treatment have been transformed by nanotechnology. For cancer treatment, nanoparticles (1–100 nm) are ideal because they are biocompatible, have low toxicity, excellent stability, high permeability, are precise and stable, and can deliver clear and accurate results. There are several main categories of nanoparticles. When it comes to the delivery of nanoparticle drugs, tumour characteristics and the tumour environment are considered. As well as providing advantages over conventional cancer treatments, nanoparticles prevent multidrug resistance, further overcoming their limitations. As new mechanisms are unravelled in studying multidrug resistance, nanoparticles are becoming more critical. Nano formulations have gained a new perspective on cancer treatment due to their many therapeutic applications. The number of approved nanodrugs has not increased significantly despite most research being conducted in vivo and in vitro. A review of nanoparticle oncological implications, targeting mechanisms, and approved nanotherapeutics is presented here. A current perspective on clinical translation is also provided, highlighting its advantages and challenges.

Viologen‐based host–guest supramolecule with tunable intramolecular/intermolecular electron transfer chromism and dynamic fluorescence

AbstractViologen, as a type of strong electron acceptor, is prone to undergo electron transfer (ET) and change color under external stimuli. However, due to the easy aggregation of viologen molecules, they usually suffer from poor fluorescence emission in the condensed phase. Herein, a new viologen derivative of VioCl2·2Cl (12+·2Cl) was designed and synthesized, in which the fluorescence was enhanced by introducing Me‐β‐CD to weaken the interactions between viologen molecules. Then a viologen‐based host–guest supramolecule of 12+@Me‐β‐CD was obtained by electrostatic interactions. Photo‐/chemo‐responded guest 12+ supplies 12+@Me‐β‐CD, a green and dark purple caused by intramolecular and intermolecular ET. Furthermore, 12+@Me‐β‐CD displays an additional thermal responsive purple color. The triple chromic behaviors all exhibit excellent reversibility and cycling stability. As expected, 12+@Me‐β‐CD exhibits strong photoluminescence (PL) in solid–liquid dual states, presenting an improved quantum yield (Φ) from 12+ (Φs = 0.37%, Φl = 16.74%) to 12+@Me‐β‐CD (Φs = 10.45%, Φl = 25.86%), and the fluorescence intensity can be dynamically modulated by light, heat, and acid/base vapors. The multi‐responsive chromism and tunable fluorescence of 12+@Me‐β‐CD allow for potential applications in information security and smart windows.

Natural low corrosive phytic acid electrolytes enable green, ultrafast, stable and high-voltage aqueous proton battery

Proton is a promising charge carrier for aqueous rechargeable batteries due to its small ionic radius, fast diffusion kinetics and great abundance in nature. However, commonly-used proton battery electrolytes are strong acids, such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, etc., which always leads to the notorious rapid corrosion of electrode and metal components, and thus the poor cyclability, the limited materials option and high maintenance cost. Here, we reported a new-type high-concentration phytic acid (PA) electrolytes, which exhibits marvellous superiorities including environmental friendliness, low corrosiveness, high ionic conductivity (133.3 mS cm−1) and wide working potential window (∼2.9 V) in contrast to conventional acid electrolytes. The experimental and calculation results indicated that the scarcity of free water in high-concentration PA electrolytes and the desolvation effect of the preferentially absorbed PA interfacial layer on the electrode surface work in synergy to inhibit the water activity and thus prevent electrode dissolution and side reactions. Benefiting from this, the assembled K0.2VO0.6[Fe(CN)6]0.8•6H2O (VHCF)//MoO3 button-type proton battery shows an average discharge voltage of 0.7 V with a pair of well-defined redox peak at about 1.4 V, great rate performance, excellent cycling stability (87.9% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 5 A g−1) and superb coulombic efficiency at various current densities (1 A g−1–50 A g−1). Attributed to good anti-freezing properties of the electrolytes, the proton battery can also run normally at -60 °C and exhibit competent performance (a capacity retention of 45 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 540 cycles). Such green low corrosive electrolyte will be fully compatible with conventional battery fabrication process, and open brand new avenue for the development of aqueous proton battery.

Synthesis, characterization, and optical studies of lead-free perovskite, Cs3M2Br9 (M = Bi, Sb) nanocrystals

In recent years, there has been a surge in research interest surrounding all inorganic lead perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) owing to their exceptional performance in various optoelectronic devices. Nevertheless, the presence of lead and concerns regarding its toxicity and stability have cast a shadow over their potential wide-ranging applications. In this study, we present the synthesis of two lead-free all-inorganic perovskite materials, Cs3M2Br9 (where M = Bi or Sb), in bulk form, using an aqueous halide acid medium. Additionally, we describe a top-down approach for the fabrication of two lead-free all-inorganic perovskite, Cs3M2Br9 (M = Bi or Sb) NCs. The Cs3Sb2Br9 NCs display a sheet-like morphology, while Cs3Bi2Br9 NCs exhibit a cubic structure. The PL spectra of Cs3Sb2Br9 and Cs3Bi2Br9 NCs exhibit distinct emission peaks at 476 nm and 472 nm, respectively, with relatively narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 44 nm and 38 nm, respectively. Cs3Sb2Br9 and Cs3Bi2Br9 NCs demonstrate excellent thermal stability up to 320 °C and 470 °C, respectively. Notably, the high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of these NCs, Cs3Sb2Br9 NCs (31 %) and Cs3Bi2Br9 NCs (36 %) are highly beneficial for optoelectronic applications is observed.

Commercializable Naphthalene Diimide Anolytes for Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries

AbstractNeutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) hold the potential to facilitate the transition of renewable energy sources from auxiliary to primary energy, the commercial production of anolyte materials still suffers from insufficient performance of high‐concentration and the high cost of the preparation problem. To overcome these challenges, this study provides a hydrothermal synthesis methodology and introduces the charged functional groups into hydrophobic naphthalene diimide cores, and prepares a series of high‐performance naphthalene diimide anolytes. Under the synergistic effect of π–π stacking and H‐bonding networks, the naphthalene diimide exhibits excellent structural stability and the highest water solubility (1.85 M for dex‐NDI) reported to date. By employing the hydrothermal method, low‐cost naphthalene diimides are successfully synthesized on a hundred‐gram scale of $0.16 g−1 ($2.43 Ah−1), which is also the lowest price reported to date. The constructed full battery achieves a high electron concentration of 2.4 M, a high capacity of 54.4 Ah L−1, and a power density of 318 mW cm−2 with no significant capacity decay observed during long‐duration cycling. These findings provide crucial support for the commercialization of AORFBs and pave the way for revolutionary developments in neutral AORFBs.

Covalent organic framework membranes modified by end-capping monomers for organic solvent nanofiltration

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with excellent solvent stability, high porosity, and well-designed pore size, are competitive candidates for organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN). To manipulate their structures, pre-synthetic and post-synthetic modifications are commonly used. Nevertheless, pre-synthetic modifications may alter the stacking fashion of COF nanosheets; post-synthetic modifications are constrained by limited pre-functionalities and can hardly achieve complete conversion. In contrast, defect engineering is a facile method to modify the structure of COFs through defects generated by the breakage of linkages or the usage of end-capping molecules. In this study, we adopted defect engineering to improve the OSN performance of TpPa-COF membranes constructed of 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) and p-phenylenediamine (Pa) monomers with end-capping molecules—aniline (An). The membrane synthesized with 30 percent of An molecules (TpPaAn-30/HPAN membrane) maintained a continuous COF layer with a thickness of ∼20 nm but lower density or more free channels, compared to the control membrane. The optimized TpPaAn-30/HPAN membrane had improved permeance for various organic solvents (e.g., 31.8 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 for methanol, fourfold of the control membrane) but maintained rejection towards methyl blue (>90 %). It also allowed the passage of rhodamine B but blocked methyl blue when filtrating a mixed-dye methanolic solution. Herein, the usage of end-capping monomers is proven to be an efficient method to introduce transport channels and improve the separation performance of COF membranes.

Unveiling the potential of cellulose, chitosan and polylactic acid as precursors for the production of green carbon nanofibers with controlled morphology and diameter

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are very promising materials with application in many fields, such as sensors, filtration systems, and energy storage devices. This study aims to explore the use of eco-friendly biopolymers for CNF production, finding novel, suitable and sustainable precursors and thus prioritising environmentally conscious processes and ecological compatibility.Polymeric nanofibers (PNFs) using cellulose acetate, polylactic acid, and chitosan as precursors were successfully prepared via electrospinning. Rheological testing was performed to determine suitable solution concentrations for the production of PNFs with controlled diameter and appropriate morphology. Their dimensions and structure were found to be significantly influenced by the solution concentration and electrospinning flow rate. Subsequently, the electrospun green nanofibers were subject to stabilisation and carbonisation to convert them into CNFs. Thermal behaviour and chemical/structural changes of the nanofibers during stabilisation were investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, while the final morphology of the fibers after stabilisation and carbonisation was examined through scanning electron microscopy to determine the optimal stabilisation parameters. The optimal fabrication parameters for cellulose and chitosan-based CNFs with excellent morphology and thermal stability were successfully established, providing valuable insight and methods for the sustainable and environmentally friendly synthesis of these promising materials.

A Strong and Highly Transparent Ionogel Electrolyte Enabled by In Situ Polymerization-Induced Microphase Separation for High-Performance Electrochromic Devices.

Electrochromic devices built with ionogel electrolytes are seen as a pivotal step toward the future of quasi-solid electrochromic devices, due to their striking properties like exceptional safety and high ionic conductivity. Yet, the poor mechanical strength of electrolyte of these devices remains a constraint that hampers their advancement. As a resolution, this research explores the use of a robust, transparent ionogel electrolyte, which is designed using an in situ microphase separation strategy. The ionogels are highly transparent and robust and exhibit excellent physicochemical stability, including a wide electrochemical window and high temperature tolerance. Benefitting from these properties, a high-performance electrochromic device is fabricated through in situ polymerization with the ionogels, PPRODOT as the electrochromic layer, and PEDOT: PSS as the ion storage layer, achieving high transmittance contrast (43.1%), fast response (1/1.7 s), high coloring efficiency (1296.4 cm2 C-1), and excellent cycling endurance (>99.9% retention after 2000 cycles). In addition, using ITO-poly(ethylene terephthalate) as flexible substrates, a deformable electrochromic device displaying high stability is realized, highlighting the potential use in functional wearables.

Engineering a Low-Strain Si@TiSi2@NC Composite for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries.

The huge volume expansion/contraction of silicon (Si) during the lithium (Li) insertion/extraction process, which can lead to cracking and pulverization, poses a substantial impediment to its practical implementation in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The development of low-strain Si-based composite materials is imperative to address the challenges associated with Si anodes. In this study, we have engineered a TiSi2 interface on the surface of Si particles via a high-temperature calcination process, followed by the introduction of an outermost carbon (C) shell, leading to the construction of a low-strain and highly stable Si@TiSi2@NC composite. The robust TiSi2 interface not only enhances electrical and ionic transport but also, more critically, significantly mitigates particle cracking by restraining the stress/strain induced by volumetric variations, thus alleviating pulverization during the lithiation/delithiation process. As a result, the as-fabricated Si@TiSi2@NC electrode exhibits a high initial reversible capacity (2172.7 mAh g-1 at 0.2 A g-1), superior rate performance (1198.4 mAh g-1 at 2.0 A g-1), and excellent long-term cycling stability (847.0 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles at 2.0 A g-1). Upon pairing with LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622), the assembled Si@TiSi2@NC||NCM622 pouch-type full cell exhibits exceptional cycling stability, retaining 90.1% of its capacity after 160 cycles at 0.5 C.

Enhancement in capacitive performance of Co3O4 with MnTiO3 via composite (MnTiO3/Co3O4) strategy developed by ultrasonication route

The specific surface area, conductivity and cyclic stability of nanomaterials significantly impact a pseudocapacitor electrode's performance. The Co3O4 is economically viable and widely available but has limited surface area and conductivity. However, MnTiO3 has a greater surface area and exhibits superior ion conductivity, resulting in better specific capacitance (Cs). Herein, a novel MnTiO3/Co3O4 nanocomposite is manufactured to enhance the properties of Co3O4 using an ultrasonication technique for application in supercapacitors. Several analytical methods were utilized to examine synthesized materials' textural, structural and morphological characteristics. The MnTiO3/Co3O4 nanocomposite demonstrated notable Cs of 1534.67 F/g, specific energy (SE, 64.05 Wh/kg) and specific power (SP, 274.1 W/kg) at current density (Cd) of 1 A/g in 2.0 M KOH solution, according to electrochemical experiments. Additionally, after 5000th cycles, the nanocomposite exhibits excellent cyclic stability than pristine materials. This study not only showcases the significant capabilities of the commercially accessible MnTiO3/Co3O4 nanocomposite but also presents a novel approach for developing cost-effective, high-performing composite materials with multiple potential applications in the energy field.

Thermal decomposition of oxygen‐containing Ta3N5${\rm {Ta}}_3{\rm {N}}_5$

AbstractTransition metal nitrides, especially tantalum nitrides, are pivotal for applications in extreme environments demanding excellent mechanical properties and thermodynamic stability. Among them, ‐TaN, a high‐pressure polymorph of tantalum nitride with its exceptional bulk modulus (362 GPa) and hardness (31.7 GPa) promises to have many technological uses. Another nitride, , has gained importance as a photocatalyst for water splitting using visible light. The Ta–N phase diagram indicates that the thermal decomposition of pure leads to the formation of ‐TaN. However, usually has some amount of oxygen as an impurity mainly due to its synthesis route. We found that the ‐TaN phase, which is usually observed at high pressures, is formed during the thermal decomposition of oxygen containing . The presence of ‐TaN is verified using several experimental techniques such as X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectra, high‐angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM‐HAADF), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Elemental distribution analyzed through energy dispersion X‐ray spectroscopy (XEDS) in STEM reveals about 7 at.% of oxygen in ‐TaN. First‐principle calculations are performed to examine the thermodynamic stability of oxygen substituted ‐TaN and pure ‐TaN via formation enthalpies, elastic constants, and phonon dispersion calculations. The computational studies confirm that oxygen in ‐TaN enhances its thermodynamic stability. The calculated electron localization functions establish the bonding characteristics between Ta, N, and O, confirming the same.

Exploring the rate-control step of toluene oxidation over the novel octahedral Pt/Mn3O4 catalyst with stable low-temperature catalytic performance via in situ DRIFTS

The high efficiency and stability of catalysts are crucial for their practical application in toluene oxidation. Herein, a novel octahedral Pt/Mn3O4-110 catalyst with excellent structural stability was synthesized and 100 % toluene conversion can be achieved at low-temperature 160 °C. XRD and Raman results indicated that the structure of Pt/Mn3O4-110 can be well maintained after 120 h on-stream reaction, the resistance to H2O (3 or 5 vol%) and high concentration toluene (3000 ppm)/CO2 (5 vol%) tests. In situ DRIFTS comparative studies between Pt/Mn3O4-110 and Pt/Mn3O4-100 (30 % toluene conversion at 160 °C) samples demonstrated that the rate-control steps of toluene oxidation on Pt/Mn3O4-110 and Pt/Mn3O4-100 were both the further oxidation of benzoate species in the presence of gas-phase oxygen, while the transformation of benzaldehyde to benzoate species was the rate-control step on Pt/Mn3O4-100 in the absence of gas-phase oxygen. The weaker Mn-O bonds, richer oxygen vacancies and higher mobility of oxygen species on Pt/Mn3O4-110 sample than that of Pt/Mn3O4-100 are beneficial for the easier release of lattice oxygen from the surface of catalyst and then participated in toluene oxidation via Mars-van Krevelen mechanism, contributing to easier oxidation of benzaldehyde to benzoate species and formation of formic acid and bicarbonate species.

DEGRADATION ESTIMATION OF ROSUVASTATIN CALCIUM IN PHARMACEUTICAL TABLET FORMULATION

Objectives: The present objective was to undertaken the Rosuvastatin Calcium degradation in the tablets formulations with a rapid, economic, consistent, specific and simple analytical procedure. Methods: The analytical RP-HPLC was validated with mobile phase composition of methyl alcohol : cyanomethane : water (45:35:20,v/v). The detection was achieved with a flow 1.0 ml/min by using octylsilane column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µ), at 248 nm. Results: The established analytical procedure of Rosuvastatin Calcium was validated statistically for reproducibility, accuracy, specificity as per ICH-guideline. The correlation coefficient was 0.999 with the linearity concentration range 140-260 µg/ml. The percentage recovery was achieved 99.86 to 106.12 and RSD% of precision was 0.599. The specificity was confirmed by excellent photolytic and thermal stability of Rosuvastatin Calcium. The degradation statistical recovery of Rosuvastatin Calcium in dry, wet and thermal stage ware 99.25%, 99.52 % and 99.64% respectively validated. The developed peaks in the chromatograms of alkali, oxidation and acid decomposition of Rosuvastatin Calcium were confirmed by screening the degradation peaks and the recovery percentage were found 23.16 %, 85.59 % and 66.33 % respectively. Conclusions: The stress conditions of Rosuvastatin Calcium in degradation study is successfully developed and it is also important in stability to determined the highest lipid lowering agent in the body that block the manufacturing of cholesterol. The stress conditions like in aqueous acidic hydrolysis, oxidative, alkaline hydrolysis, thermal and photolytic degradation study was validated with a simple, cost efficient, linear, accurate, selective, specific, high performance liquid chromatography with a simple effortless mobile phase containing methyl alcohol, cyanomethane and water.

Improved rate and cycling capability of V2O5@MoS2 nanocomposites as an advanced cathode material for rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Owing to the benefits of higher energy density, reliable safety, and eco-friendliness, rechargeable aqueous zinc (Zn)-ion batteries (RAZIBs) are employed in energy storage applications. Nevertheless, the enhancement of potential cathodes is hindered by low reversibility and sluggish Zn-ion diffusion kinetics, causing deficient rate capability and modest cycling performance. Vanadic anhydride (V2O5) provides a potential in RAZIBs from its layered structure and superior capacity. Herein, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) was combined into the V2O5 to form V2O5@MoS2 nanocomposites (NCs) via a simple hydrothermal method. The V2O5@MoS2 NCs enable Zn ions to migrate effectively between layers and stabilize volume changes during the insertion/extraction process. Moreover, the presence of MoS2 as a mediator in the framework produces additional defects, which leads to an enhanced storage area for Zn ions. The optimized V2O5@MoS2–2 NCs exhibited a cycling capacity of 230.74 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, superior rate performance (73.59 mA h g−1 at 30 A g−1), and excellent long-term cycling stability (108.16 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1 over 6000 cycles), surpassing those of V2O5@MoS2–1, V2O5@MoS2–3, V2O5, and MoS2 counterparts. Such fascinating properties reveal that the proposed composite materials as a progressive cathode for RAZIBs.

Improved interfacial adhesion of carbon fiber‐reinforced polydicyclopentadiene layered composite material by modification of norbornene derivatives

AbstractSurface chemical grafting modifications of carbon fibers (CFs) using 5‐(triethoxysilyl)norbornene (TOS), norbornene carboxylic acid tert‐butyl ester (NB‐TBE), and 5‐norbornene‐2,3‐dicarboxylic anhydride (NA) improved interfacial interactions between CFs and poly(dicyclopentadiene) (PDCPD) resin. The ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of DCPD, catalyzed by Grubbs catalyst II, enabled the fabrication of PDCPD/CF layered composite materials with resin and fibers tightly adhered. The optimal composite exhibited remarkable mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 654.6 MPa and flexural strength of 510.7 MPa. Excellent thermal stability with a maximum weight loss rate in temperatures above 450°C and good chemical resistance with a weight change of about 1% in both acidic and alkaline media highlight the promising potential of these materials for use in harsh environments. The simple yet efficient approach of TOS, NB‐TBE, and NA‐enhanced layered CF shows great promise as advanced composite materials for industrial applications.Highlights Norbornene derivatives such as TOS, NB‐TBE, and NA are suitable modifiers for CF. ROMP of DCPD and norbornene group onto CFs, fabrication of PDCPD/CF composite materials. The composite exhibited remarkable interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties.

Simultaneous Cu(II)-EDTA decomplexation and Cu(II) recovery using integrated contact-electro-catalysis and capacitive deionization from electroplating wastewater

The complex of heavy metals and organic acids leads to high difficulty in heavy metals separation by traditional technologies. Meanwhile, alkaline precipitation commonly used in industry causes the great consumption of resources and extra pollution. Herein, the effective decomplexation of Cu(Ⅱ)-EDTA and synchronous recycling of Cu2+ were realized by contact-electro-catalysis (CEC) coupled with capacitive deionization (CDI) innovatively. In particular, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) as dielectric powders could generate reactive oxygen species under ultrasonic stimulation, realizing continuous deaminization and decarboxylation of Cu(Ⅱ)-EDTA and accelerating the totally breakage of Cu-O and Cu-N bonds. Additionally, the degradation pathway and intermediates evolution of Cu(Ⅱ)-EDTA were investigated using various characterization methods. It was confirmed that decarboxylation predominantly governed the degradation process of Cu(Ⅱ)-EDTA in CEC. During the course of treatment, the degradation ratio of Cu(Ⅱ)-EDTA reached 86.4 % within 150 min. Impressively, this strategy had satisfactory applicability to other metal combinations and excellent cycle stability. Subsequently, the released Cu ions were captured by CuSe cathode electrode through CDI. This research elucidated the degradation mechanism of persistent organic pollutant during CEC, and provided a novel approach for efficiently treating industrial wastewater containing metal complexes and advancing the exploitation and utilization of new technologies for metal recovery.

Commercializable Naphthalene Diimide Anolytes for Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries.

Neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) hold the potential to facilitate the transition of renewable energy sources from auxiliary to primary energy, the commercial production of anolyte materials still suffers from insufficient performance of high-concentration and the high cost of the preparation problem. To overcome these challenges, this study provides a hydrothermal synthesis methodology and introduces the charged functional groups into hydrophobic naphthalene diimide cores, and prepares a series of high-performance naphthalene diimide anolytes. Under the synergistic effect of π-π stacking and H-bonding networks, the naphthalene diimide exhibits excellent structural stability and the highest water solubility (1.85 M for dex-NDI) reported to date. By employing the hydrothermal method, low-cost naphthalene diimides are successfully synthesized on a hundred-gram scale of $0.16 g-1 ($2.43 Ah-1), which is also the lowest price reported to date. The constructed full battery achieves a high electron concentration of 2.4 M, a high capacity of 54.4 Ah L-1, and a power density of 318 mW cm-2 with no significant capacity decay observed during long-duration cycling. These findings provide crucial support for the commercialization of AORFBs and pave the way for revolutionary developments in neutral AORFBs.

Synergistic effects of coordinated metals and fluoridation in metal-covalent organic framework for efficient triboelectric nanogenerator

Improving the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) depends on the development of new and effective friction electrode materials. Metal-covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs) are promising functional materials with applications in various fields owing to their structural diversity and tunability; howerver, the use of MCOFs in the preparation of TENG devices has not yet been investigated. In this study, a MCOF (Cu-COF) was designed and constructed via the post-metalation method by introducing transition metal ions through the delicate chelating structure of a CF3 substituted covalent organic framework (CF3-COF) for the first time. The constructed Cu-COF exhibited higher triboelectric nanogenerator output performance, with a peak value of short circuit current of 104.0 µA and an output voltage of 1107 V, which are 1.47 and 1.39 times those of CF3-COF, respectively. This can be attributed to the excellent charge density, improved conductivity and narrow band gap of Cu-COF. In addition, the Cu-COF-based TENG exhibits excellent stability and power density, and is capable of lighting 1440 commercial green LEDs. This study also suggests that the strategy for engineering metalation coordination environments on the skeletons of COFs could provide a novel method to fabricate TENG devices with MCOFs.