Excellent Oil Resistance Research Articles

Fabrication of superamphiphobic micro-reentrant structures by inverted electrochemical deposition

Due to excellent oil resistance and shortened liquid-solid contact time, superamphiphobic surfaces have promising application prospects in oil transportation, and petroleum pollution control. Although superamphiphobic surfaces have been constructed on various substrates, there is still a lack of high-efficient methods for fabricating micro-reentrant structures on engineering metal substrates. This paper proposes a new method combining laser processing and inverted electrochemical deposition techniques to achieve high-efficient and large-scale fabrication of superamphiphobic surfaces on copper substrates. Firstly, micropillar array structures are constructed by laser processing, and the structures exhibit excellent superhydrophobicity after low surface energy modification. Then, inverted electrochemical deposition is performed after polishing the top of the array, and local angle of the gas/liquid interface can be controlled by adjusting the distance between the top of the micropillar and the electrolyte level, thus regulating micro-morphology of the roof structure. The influences of electrochemical deposition parameters on characteristics of the micro-reentrant structures are systematically investigated. Finally, superamphiphobic micro-reentrant structures (roof diameter > 190 μm, micropillar spacing <250 μm) with water and oil contact angles exceeding 150° are prepared after lowering the surface energy of the deposited structures. After anti-fouling, blowing, ultrasonic vibration, and tape adhesion tests, the prepared superamphiphobic micro-reentrant structures maintained good water and oil repellency, showing excellent chemical stability and durability. The research may provide a simple, efficient, and low-cost method for high-efficient constructing superamphiphobic surfaces on engineering metal substrates, enriching the fabrication techniques of micro-reentrant structures and facilitating their practical applications.

Plastic-free, oil- and water-resistant paper for food packing

Abstract Traditional food packaging coated paper is not environmentally friendly, and there have been many studies on oil- and water-resistant paper for food packaging. However, preparing oil- and water-resistant paper that is plastic-free, fluorine-free, and environmentally friendly is still a significant challenge. In this study, oil- and water-resistant paper for food packaging are prepared by layer-by-layer assembly and mixing coating methods. The layer-by-layer assembly coated paper exhibits excellent water resistance (Cobb 60 value of 20.5 g/m2, water contact angle value of 132°). The mixed coated paper not only has good water resistance (Cobb 60 value of 27.1 g/m2, water contact angle value of 131°), but also has excellent oil resistance (kit rating value of 8/12). The oil-resistant and waterproof mechanism of the coated paper is confirmed through scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the mechanical performance and coating adhesion of the mixed coated paper are the best, with an increase in the tensile index of 73.1 %. This study provides a feasible strategy for preparing biodegradable, plastic-free, and fluorine-free food packaging oil- and water-resistant paper, which is beneficial for reducing plastic pollution.

Evaluating the efficiency of functionalized zinc oxide based curing system for polychloroprene composites and analyzing its effect on curing, physical, and morphological properties for the application in specialty power transmission belts

Polychloroprene rubber (CR) is one of the most abundantly used elastomer in power transmission belt section due to its excellent oil resistance, weather resistance, antistatic and dynamic properties. However, due to the negative impact of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) used with CR rubber towards marine environment, it is necessary to minimize the use of ZnO in CR based rubber compounds. Functionalized-ZnO(F–ZnO) being emerged as a suitable replacement for regular ZnO in rubber compounding, the effect of F–ZnO on the curing, mechanical and morphological properties of polychloroprene (CR) based composites to use in power transmission belt applications are evaluated in this work. The curing properties of F–ZnO based composites were characterized using various techniques and results were reported as a comparison with the properties of conventional ZnO (C– ZnO) based CR composites. Properties of various ZnO were analyzed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) studies. The replacement of C–ZnO with F–ZnO help to reduce 80 % of Zn content from the end products without effecting the cure time and cross-link density of the same. 5 PHR of C– ZnO from regular compound is replaced with 1 and 3 Phr of F–ZnO and its effect on power transmission belt properties were analyzed thoroughly.

Anti-fouling underwater superoleophobic membranes based on hierarchical double networks for high efficiency oil–water separation

Oil fouling is a key problem of superwettable oil–water separation membranes because the membranes are inevitably susceptible to varying degrees of oil contamination during the ongoing separation processes, which usually results in a severe impact on separation performance. Consequently, it is a great challenge to construct oil-removal membranes with superior resistance to oil contamination. Herein, we fabricated hierarchical double networks (HDT)-modified porous glass membrane with superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity. Firstly, a layer of silicone nanofilament (SNF) network bearing tremendous C = C double bonds were fabricated on a porous glass membrane surface by one-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using vinyltrichlorosilane (VTCS) as a precursor. Subsequently, the second network layer was constructed by copolymerization of the C = C double bonds on the SNF network and those in sulfobetaine-derived monomer (sulfobetaine methacrylate, SBMA), using N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as the cross-linkering agent. It was observed that the obtained HDT-modified glass membranes displayed excellent superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity accompanied with superior self-cleaning performance and oil-resistance properties. As a result, the HDT-modified membranes showed high separation flux and high efficiency for both oil/water mixtures (7500 L m−2h−1, above 99.98%) and surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions (1100 L m−2h−1, above 99.96%) with excellent cyclability. The outstanding advantages with characteristics of excellent oil resistance and superior separation performance enable the HDT-modified glass membrane promising applications in a wide range of industries related to oil–water separations.

Fluorination Modification of Methyl Vinyl Silicone Rubber and Its Compatibilization Effect on Fluorine/Silicone Rubber Composites.

Among numerous rubbers, high-performance rubber composites can be obtained by mixing fluororubber (FKM) with excellent oil resistance and silicone rubber (SiR) with excellent low-temperature resistance. While the difference in polarity between these two kinds of rubbers leads to a reduction in the properties of the composites. To solve the compatibility problem between the two-phase interfaces in FKM/SiR composites, in this research, fluorinated silicone rubbers (MVQ-g-PFDT) of methyl vinyl silicone rubber (MVQ) grafted with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecanethiol (PFDT) were prepared via a facile and efficient thiol-ene click reaction, which was then added into FKM/SiR composites. The results showed that the fluorine-containing side chains could effectively inhibit the low-temperature crystallization phenomenon of silicone rubber and further broaden its application ranges in low-temperature environments. The properties of FKM/SiR composites with the addition of MVQ-g-PFDT were significantly improved, with the highest tensile strength of 14.1 MPa and the lowest mass change rate of 6.71% after 48h immersion at 200 °C in IRM903 oil. Additionally, the hydroxyl groups between the fluorine-containing side chains of MVQ-g-PFDT and the surface of silica facilitate the enhancement of the uniform dispersion of fillers. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterization results showed a distinct enhancement of the compatibility between the two phases of FKM and SiR. This work would provide further insight into efforts to improve compatibility between rubbers with widely different polarities.

Enhanced photogenic self-cleaning of superhydrophilic Al2O3@GO-TiO2 ceramic membranes for efficient separation of oil-in-water emulsions

In the emulsion separation process, the adhesion of oil-contamination severely hampers the long-term operation of ceramic membranes, and photocatalytic membranes present a promising approach to mitigate membrane fouling and enhance membrane performance. The present study describes the fabrication of a novel Al2O3@GO-TiO2 composite photocatalytic membrane through a two-step dip-coating method. TiO2 particles were uniformly deposited onto the surface of the pristine membrane via a thermal coating method, while the pleated graphene oxide (GO) formed a laminar-flow-like coating through stirring-ultrasonication, ultimately being stably anchored to the composite membrane's surface by co-built connections with TiO2. Due to the successful coating of hydrophilic groups, the composite membrane exhibited super hydrophilic-underwater superoleophobic properties to separate stable water-in-diesel emulsions with excellent permeation flux (4347.17 L∙m−2∙h−1) and oil removal rate (94.98 %). The composite membrane showed excellent oil resistance stability and durability in severe environment hydrodynamic washout and cycling tests. In addition, the combined modification of GO-TiO2 endowed the composite membranes with strong photocatalytic ability, which made the membranes exhibit a good recovery of membrane performance in the separation of oilfield-produced water (OPW). The thick oil layer was completely removed by •OH, •O2– and 1O2 generated by UV irradiation excitation. After 6 h of operation, the flux and oil removal rate of the Al2O3@GO-TiO2 membrane were 31.91 % and 2.1 % higher than those of the Al2O3@TiO2 membrane, demonstrating enhanced light self-cleaning performance. The exceptional oil–water separation capability coupled with its efficient photocatalytic degradation potential positions the ceramic membrane as a promising solution for treating actual OPW.

Strengthening the mechanical properties of polysulfide adhesives by introducing polyurethane

AbstractPolysulfide adhesives are often subjected to breakage or even fracture caused by highly loaded vibrations and large deformations from the wing, limiting their practical use in aircraft fuel tanks. Inserting polyurethanes into liquid polysulfide systems is a viable approach to strengthening their mechanical properties and avoiding nonuniform dispersion of the curing agent. In this contribution, a series of sulfur‐containing curing agents were prepared by liquid polysulfide and trimethylolpropane tris(3‐mercapto propionate) (TMPMP) to minimize the effect of the polysulfide‐urea (‐NHCOS‐) groups on water resistance. Subsequently, the two‐component polysulfide adhesives were successfully synthesized via the prepolymerization method, and their chemical structure, mechanical properties, and solvent resistance were systematically evaluated. As expected, the large introduction of sulfur linkages and ‐NHCOS‐ groups provided excellent oil resistance and strong mechanical properties for polysulfide adhesives. Notably, Samples 2‐4 exhibited the highest tensile strength of 1.11 ± 0.02 MPa, the greatest shear strength of 1.87 ± 0.04 MPa, and the best hardness of 81 ± 2 Shore A, with 122.0%, 523.3%, and 170.0% improvement over the control, respectively. Furthermore, the oil absorption rate of all samples was less than 3.0%, and their tensile strength remained almost unchanged after 30 days of immersion than before. We believe our paradigm can provide a valuable guideline for designing high‐performance polysulfide adhesives.

A novel and facile preparation of superhydrophilic/superoleophobic Mg(OH)2/ZnO coated mesh for fast and efficient oil/water separation

This study presents a new method for the rapid preparation of a superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic Mg(OH)2/ZnO coated mesh. Through one-step electrodeposition, a high underwater oil contact angle of 168.54° was achieved on the coated mesh. The electrodeposition process involved the deposition of ZnO nanoparticles on the cathode due to the presence of Mg2+ in the electroplating solution, while Mg(OH)2 was simultaneously formed on the surface of the cathode copper mesh. The cathode surface, where hydrogen is generated, leads to the formation of micropores and nanosheets on the Mg(OH)2/ZnO coated mesh structure. This structural feature traps more water molecules, further enhancing the superhydrophilicity of the coated mesh. The oil/water separation efficiencies for p-xylene, kerosene, paraffin liquid, and mineral oil were 99.8 %, 99.3 %, 99.5 %, and 99.4 %, respectively. The separation efficiency remained higher than 99.2 % even after conducting 350 p-xylene/water separation experiments. Additionally, the coated mesh displayed a strong oil/water separation ability after being immersed in alkali and salt solutions (pH = 7, 9) for 10 h. The coated mesh exhibited an enhanced water flux of (2.99 ± 0.20) × 105 L·m−2·h−1, along with a heightened invasion pressure (>2.8 kPa) and excellent oil-resistance performance. Overall, the Mg(OH)2/ZnO coated mesh developed in this study shows promising potential as a membrane for fast and efficient oil/water separation, with outstanding durability.

A smart superwetting PET-Anthocyanin membrane for pH monitoring in water and emulsion separation

Smart superwetting membranes with anti-oil pollutions and process water pH monitoring show great potential before downstream processing. Herein, a flexible intelligent monitoring membrane with strong anti-oil fouling properties was developed by utilizing a PET-Anthocyanin mixed solution through electrospinning. Specifically, using waste PET plastic bottles as raw materials, a dual-solvent system is used to dissolve the PET, and then anthocyanins are added to blend to form an electrospinning solution. The obtained A/PET showed excellent porous morphology and wettability, and its underwater oil contact angle could reach up to 150°. The introduction of anthocyanins (5 %) rich in hydroxyl functional groups reduced the formation of hydrophobic domains and promoted the hydration layer on the membrane surface, showing excellent oil resistance property. Furthermore, the stress–strain test of the A/PET5 membrane shows that the strain is significantly enhanced after the yield phenomenon, which shows that the membrane has a flexible mechanical property. Most importantly, based on the pH-sensitivity of anthocyanins, it can be intuitively found that color response changes from the original pink to light pink, and then to white, showing excellent monitoring the pH of the continuous phase. Moreover, the developed membrane possesses water flux of 7440 L m-2h−1 and oil rejection up to 99.4 % for O/W emulsions, surpassing that of the superhydrophilic PET base membrane (956 L m-2h−1, 99.3 %). Briefly, this work provides a novel multifunctional smart membrane with excellent anti-fouling, flexible mechanical, and outstanding separation performance, which can visually monitor the separation process of oily wastewater.

Flexibility and abrasion tolerance of superamphiphobic coatings with rigid core–shell particles

Superamphiphobic coatings maintain surfaces clean even facing severe oil contamination, which is crucial for ensuring the lifespan of materials in highly polluted environments. Achieving excellent wear resistance and flexibility individually on superamphiphobic surfaces is relatively simple, but simultaneously obtaining both properties is challenging and often requires compromises. In this study, we develop an innovative approach inspired by “overcoming firmness by gentleness” to create superamphiphobic composite coatings with flexibility and abrasion tolerance. This innovative strategy combines a soft polyurethane resin with rigid diatomite/aluminum hydroxide (core–shell) particles, resulting in a coating structure resembling karst topography. Depositing aluminum hydroxide enhances the reactivity and content of hydroxyl groups on diatomite particles, simultaneously improving the hardness and 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (FDTS) grafting degree of the core–shell particles. Residual hydroxyl groups on the semi-fluorination core–shell particles chemically bond with the isocyanate groups in the waterborne polyurethane resin, leading to enhanced crosslinking density and improved wear resistance of the coating. The top coating of F-SiO2 particles leads to a reduction in the surface energy of the core–shell coating. The obtained core–shell coating demonstrates excellent oil resistance even after 800 cycles of Taber abrasion under a load of 250 g and 1000 cycles of 360° bending, demonstrating remarkable wear resistance and flexibility simultaneously. This approach provides valuable insights for developing superamphiphobic composite coatings with flexibility and abrasion tolerance and opens new possibilities for their applications in flexible electronics and droplet manipulation.

Application of PVA/TA-Fe3+ submerged superoleophobic hydrogel coating in oil-water separation

Super hydrophilic and submerged super oleophobic materials with special surface wettability are considered ideal materials in the field of oil-water separation. In this paper, PVA/TA-Fe3+ coating solution with uniform fluidity was prepared by adjusting the ratio of water and ethanol in the solvent system, and PVA/TA-Fe3+ coating was formed on the surface of stainless steel mesh by simple green soaking and ethanol solvent volatilization process, and this coated SSM shows excellent oil resistance underwater with an underwater oil contact angle of >150 ̊, while it has good water flux (6.2 × 104 L/m2·h) and high separation efficiency (>97%). In addition, the PVA/TA-Fe3+ coated SSM has self-cleaning ability and recyclability and also has good stability in acid and alkali environments, which is one of the ideal materials to solve the oil-water separation problem.

Fluorine-Free Compound Water- and Oil-Repellent: Preparation and Its Application in Molded Pulp

Molded pulp is considered an alternative to plastic packaging for its low cost, recyclability and non-pollution characteristics. However, the range of its applications has been limited by hydrophilicity and lipophilicity. Presented herein is a facile and straightforward method for the preparation biodegradable water- and oil-repellant for molded pulp. Sodium alginate-based oil repellent and PDMS-based water repellent were prepared by cross-linking and modification. The two were then mixed in various ratios to obtain compound water- and oil-repellent, which was applied to the molded pulp by dip-coating. The coated paper demonstrated excellent oil resistance (with a kit rating of 11/12) and outstanding water resistance (with a water contact angle of 121.9° and water absorption of 25.8%). This novel, eco-friendly, water- and oil-resistant molded pulp coating prepared from biodegradable and food-contactable materials is a potential candidate to replace petroleum-based coatings and has excellent possibilities to be manufactured on a large-scale intended for food and non-food contact applications.

Endoglucanase pretreatment aids in isolating tailored-cellulose nanofibrils combining energy saving and high-performance packaging

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have emerged as a potential alternative to synthetic polymers in packaging applications owing to their oxygen and grease barrier performance, as well as their strong mechanical properties. However, the performance of CNF films relies on the inherent characteristics of fibers, which undergo changes during the CNF isolation process. Understanding these variations in characteristics during CNF isolation is crucial for tailoring CNF film properties to achieve optimum performance in packaging applications. In this study, CNFs were isolated by endoglucanase-assisted mechanical ultra-refining. The alterations in the intrinsic characteristics of CNFs and their impact on CNF films were systematically investigated by considering the degree of defibrillation, enzyme loading, and reaction time through a design of experiments. Enzyme loading had a significant influence on the crystallinity index, crystallite size, surface area, and viscosity. Meanwhile, the degree of defibrillation greatly affected the aspect ratio, degree of polymerization, and particle size. CNF films prepared from CNFs isolated under two optimized scenarios (casting and coating applications) exhibited remarkable properties, including high thermal stability (approximately 300 °C), high tensile strength (104 – 113 MPa), excellent oil resistance (kit n°12), and low oxygen transmission rate (1.00 – 3.17 cc·m−2.day−1). Therefore, endoglucanase pretreatment can aid in obtaining CNFs with lower energy consumption, resulting in films that possess higher transmittance, superior barrier performance, and reduced surface wettability compared to control samples without enzymatic pretreatment and other unmodified CNF films reported in the literature, all while maintaining mechanical and thermal performance without significant loss.

Renewable and functional composite film from epoxidized Eucommia ulmoides gum and industrial lignin

High-performance eco-friendly composites are prepared from epoxidized Eucommia ulmoides gum (EEUG) and industrial lignin (EHL) using thermal pressing method. The preparation of biodegradable polymeric materials with both great strength and toughness remains a huge challenge. Herein, lignin significantly strengthens the EEUG matrix. Specifically, the EEUG-EHL composite film (with 10% EHL) exhibits a high tensile strength (24.45 MPa) and a powerful strain (1097.52%), increases of 23.63 and 127.07 over the EEUG sample, respectively. The composite films exhibit excellent oil resistance and hydrophobicity (94.5°). Moreover, the composite films show good shape memory, self-healing, and recyclable regeneration capabilities. The outstanding performance stem from EEUG and EHL cross-linking network. This research demonstrates a practical and sustainable approach to recycling lignin into high-performance EEUG reinforcing fillers, providing a new insight into the rational design of recyclable, healable, and adaptable EEUG-based composites.

Simultaneously improving vertical thermal conductivity and oil resistance of carbon fiber reinforced composite through layer-by-layer plasma surface treatment

Carbon fiber reinforced composite (CFRC) has attracted considerable attention as a robust high-performance material with outstanding strength-to-weight ratio and is widely used in various applications from aerospace to automotive industries. However, this composite commonly suffers from low vertical thermal conductivity and poor oil resistance, thereby limiting the applicability of lightweight CFRC in metal replacement. Here, we present a facile and effective approach to simultaneously improve vertical thermal conductivity and oil resistance of CFRC on the basis of formation of surficial and interfacial hydrophilic oxide layers in the stacked prepregs using the layer-by-layer plasma surface treatment. Thermally conductive and oil-resistant composite was achieved by simple layer-by-layer plasma surface treatment on individual prepregs and subsequent high-pressure compression of plasma-treated prepregs under elevated temperature. It is experimentally revealed that densely interlocked laminated CFRC with rough and oxidized multiple interlayers where interpenetrated oxide moieties are vertically distributed minimizes interfacial thermal resistance between stacked prepregs, thereby offering an efficient heat dissipation path in a through-thickness direction. Furthermore, the plasma-induced hydrophilic modification of both surface and interlayer endows the CFRC with excellent oil resistance. Consequently, this facile approach affords high vertical thermal conductivity and remarkable oil resistance, as well as an excellent mechanical strength. Compared to conventional CFRC, our versatile composite accomplishes excellent vertical thermal conductivity with 135% enhancement after oil absorption and outstanding oil resistance with 240% improvement.

Cross-linked chitosan/tannin extract as a biodegradable and repulpable coating for paper with excellent oil-resistance, gas barrier and UV-shielding

A series of cross-linking copolymers of chitosan and tannin extract-based epoxy (CS/xTE, x = 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1) were designed and synthesized using different contents of low-cost tannin extract-based epoxy (derived from bark). The resulting CS/xTE were used as coatings for paper, and they endowed the paper with robust barrier properties to oil, moisture and oxygen because of the dense and continuous film formed by CS/xTE on the surface of the paper. Compared with uncoated paper, the Kit rating of CS/1TE (x = 1)-coated paper increased from 0/12 to 12/12, the water vapor transmittance rate decreased from 1252.9 to 298.6 g/m2·d, and the oxygen permeability decreased from 597.1 to 136.2 cm3/m2·d·0.1 MPa. Furthermore, due to the UV-shielding of tannin extract-based epoxy, the CS/xTE-coated paper exhibited excellent UV-aging resistance. The mechanical properties and water resistance of CS/1TE-coated paper were also increased compared with those of uncoated paper due to the dense cross-linked coating. Additionally, the results suggest that CS/1TE is repulpable and biodegradable. This work not only provides an efficient strategy for high-value applications of waste bark extract but also shows a considerable application advantage in the paper packaging industry.

Preparation of FKM/EFEP thermoplastic vulcanizate with excellent heat and oil resistance, gas barrier property and recyclability

Because of the fuel diversification, the harsher use environment and the requirements of environmental protection, the automotive fuel pipeline system requires not only good mechanical properties and high elasticity but also high temperature and oil resistance, high gas barrier property, easy processibility, and recyclability. Nevertheless, the traditional materials cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of these properties. In this study, fluororubber (FKM)/fluoro-thermoplastic (EFEP) TPV (FTPV) with fine dispersion of FKM rubber phase in EFEP matrix was successfully produced through the design and optimization of crosslinking systems of FKM and the processing technology. The as prepared FTPV not only shows good mechanical properties, elasticity, rheological property and recyclability, but also excellent oil resistance and gas barrier properties, outperforms the other TPVs. The mechanism on morphological development of the FKM/EFEP TPV are revealed. Interestingly, a large number of single rubber sub-micron particles (RPs) are formed in the blend during the dynamic vulcanization, which is mainly attributed to an improvement in compatibility and an increase in crosslinking degree of FKM. The combined effect of shearing stress and the improvement of compatibility results in a decrease in the size of rubber sub-micron particles agglomerates and an increase in the content of single rubber sub-micron particles.

Green and Rapid Preparation of Fluorosilicone Rubber Foam Materials with Tunable Chemical Resistance for Efficient Oil-Water Separation.

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) foam materials with lightweight, excellent oil resistance and mechanical flexibility are highly needed for various practical applications in aerospace, transportation, and oil/water separation. However, traditional PDMS foam materials usually present poor chemical resistance and easily swell in various solvents, which greatly limits their potential application. Herein, novel fluorosilicone rubber foam (FSiRF) materials with different contents of trifluoropropyl lateral groups were designed and fabricated by a green (no solvents used) and rapid (<10 min foaming process) foaming/crosslinking approach at ambient temperature. Typically, vinyl-terminated poly(dimethyl-co-methyltrifluoropropyl) siloxanes with different fluorine contents of 0–50 mol% were obtained through ring-opening polymerization to effectively adjust the chemical resistance of the FSiRFs. Notably, the optimized FSiRF samples exhibit lightweight (~0.25 g/cm−3), excellent hydrophobicity/oleophilicity (WCA > 120°), reliable mechanical flexibility (complete recovery ability after stretching of 130% strain or compressing of >60%), and improved chemical resistance and structural stability in various solvents, making them promising candidates for efficient and continuous oil–water separation. This work provides an innovative concept to design and prepare advanced fluorosilicone rubber foam materials with excellent chemical resistance for potential oil–water separation application.

Optimization of compounding formulation for the development of high-preformance coating material using waste tire powder for gasket application

Nitrile butadiene rubber latex (NBRL) based gasket materials were extensively used in the past due to their excellent oil resistance, good abrasion resistance, and shock absorption as well as good high-temperature stability. Recently, carbon black has been introduced to further improve the oil absorption properties and thermal performance of the gasket materials which increased the total costing and makes the processing difficult due to the agglomeration of carbon black in NBRL. Thus, in this research, waste tire powder (WTP) was introduced to develop high-performance coating materials as an alternative to carbon black in NBRL gasket material. Optimization of new compounding formulation has been carried out by manipulating the WTP loading and hybrid WTP-carbon black filler loading. The filler loading was selected based on the desired surface texture and coating thickness. The experience was also carried out by varying the WTP, Sulphur, and plasticizer loading. The desired surface texture and thickness of coating materials were developed at WTP loading of 80phr and 90phr. Whereas, the optimum Sulphur loading was achieved at 1phr - 2phr, and plasticizer loading of 10phr and 15phr. From the experiments carried out, the optimum loading of WTP was 90phr which gives a fully contained gasket composite. Furthermore, DOP optimum loading is 15phr which gives a smooth surface appearance. Lastly, Sulphur with 1phr gives a more even surface texture as compared to 2phr loading.

A facile method to prepare fluorine-free film transfer paper with excellent oil resistance

A facile method to prepare fluorine-free film transfer paper with excellent oil resistance