Excellent Heat Stability Research Articles

Wafer-scale monolayer MoS2 film integration for stable, efficient perovskite solar cells.

One of the primary challenges in commercializing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is achieving both high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and sufficient stability. We integrate wafer-scale continuous monolayer MoS2 buffers at the top and bottom of a perovskite layer through a transfer process. These films physically block ion migration of perovskite into carrier transport layers and chemically stabilize the formamidinium lead iodide phase through strong coordination interaction. Effective chemical passivation results from the formation of Pb-S bonds, and minority carriers are blocked through a type-I band alignment. Planar p-i-n PSCs (0.074 square centimeters) and modules (9.6 square centimeters) with MoS2/perovskite/MoS2 configuration achieve PCEs up to 26.2% (certified steady-state PCE of 25.9%) and 22.8%, respectively. Moreover, the devices show excellent damp heat (85°C and 85% relative humidity) stability with <5% PCE loss after 1200 hours and notable high temperature (85°C) operational stability with <4% PCE loss after 1200 hours.

The effect of anionic emulsifiers’ diversity and manufacturing processes on the stability and mechanical properties of the water-based epoxy-emulsified asphalt

Emulsified asphalt mixtures’ cold mix and paving features facilitate asphalt pavements in fulfilling dual-carbon and energy-saving demands. Anionic emulsifiers can enhance emulsion stability, ensure uniform dispersion of oil and water, possess good decompression viscosity, thickening, and lubricating properties, and maintain good stability under acidic conditions. Nevertheless, anionic emulsified asphalt is restricted in engineering applications due to problems like its storage stability. In this paper, eight anionic emulsifiers and two preparation procedures were chosen for stability tests. Through static tests, storage tests, sieve residue tests, and laser particle size tests, the impacts of emulsifiers on the storage stability and dispersion of asphalt were analyzed. Waterborne epoxy resin exhibits excellent adhesive properties, mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and heat stability. A fluorescence microscope test, static and storage test, laser particle size test, and cementation test were employed to explore the effects of different preparation processes and waterborne epoxy mixing ratios on emulsified asphalt’s storage stability, dispersion stability, and structural stability. The results showed that: (1) the emulsified asphalt prepared with the BWH-02 emulsifier exhibits the best storage stability, and blending with 20% of the waterborne epoxy modifier can notably enhance the bonding properties; (2) the shear strength of the BWH-02 waterborne epoxy emulsified asphalt prepared can reach 1.543 MPa, and the tensile viscosity can reach 0.848 MPa; (3), The emulsified asphalt prepared by the process of modification has better storage stability than that prepared by the side of the emulsification process. Moreover, the storage stability of emulsified asphalt prepared by emulsification and modification is superior to that of the emulsification and modification process. This research provides theoretical and technical support for popularizing and applying cold-mixed cold-paving asphalt mixtures.

Designed inorganics doped gel electrolyte with enhancing ion transfer and diffusion effects for flexible interdigitated supercapacitors

Electrolyte enhancement strategy becomes a promising route to improve flexible interdigitated miniaturized supercapacitors (IMSCs) performance due to the less mass loading of electrode materials on interdigitated electrodes. Herein, we develop a flexible polyvinyl alcohol/KOH (PVA/KOH) gel electrolyte with homogeneous BN-PDA (polydopamine modified boron nitride nanosheets) doping for enhancing energy storage of IMSCs, in which the conductivity is up to 112.1 mS cm−1 with excellent mechanical strength and heat stability. The ionicity of BN-PDA caused by electronegativity difference between B and N atoms significantly facilitates KOH transfer in PVA gel and diffusion in electrode diffuse layer by rapping-pairing effect. Furthermore, the different phase transition behavior of BN-PDA and PVA in water provides additional ions transmission pathways and effectively disperses external forces. With such excellent electrolytes, ultra-high energy density (14.7 μWh cm−2) at a high power density (420 μW cm−2) has been achieved for IMSCs. Moreover, the capacitance of IMSCs can always be maintained at a very high level during the long-term charge and discharge process. Our work suggests a feasible pathway to design inorganic fillers uniformly modified gel electrolyte with high conductivity and increased energy storage capacity of IMSCs as well as other flexible energy storage devices.

Highly luminescent and stable CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals coated with polyethersulfone for white light-emitting diode applications.

Simultaneously improving the stability and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of all inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) is crucial for their practical utilization in various optoelectronic devices. Here, CsPbBr3 NCs coated with polyethersulfone (PES) were prepared via an in-situ co-precipitation method. The sulfone groups in PES bind to undercoordinated lead ion (Pb2+) on the CsPbBr3 NCs, resulting in significant reduction of surface defects, thus enhancing the PLQY from 74.2% to 88.3%. Meanwhile, the PES-coated NCs exhibit high water resistance and excellent heat and light stability, maintaining over 85% of the initial PL intensity under thermal aging (70°C, 4h) and continuous 365 nm ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation (24 W, 8h) conditions. By contrast, the PL intensity of the control NCs dramatically dropped to less than 40%. Finally, a diode emitting bright white light was fabricated utilizing the PES-coated CsPbBr3 NCs, which exhibits a color gamut of ~110% NTSC standard.

Fabrication of boron nitride reinforced carboxymethyl modified lignin-based re-crosslinkable hydrogel with excellent heat dissipation ability

In this work, a series of re-crosslinkable hydrogels comprising carboxymethylated lignin, PVA and 3-aminophenylboronic acid (3-ABA) was successfully synthesized. Incorporation of polydopamine (PDA) coated boron nitride (PDA@BN) endowed the hydrogel with significantly improved heat dissipation ability, mechanical strength and swelling resistance. The hydrogel containing 20 % of PDA@BN, namely Gel-20 %BN displayed an initial degradation temperature of 131 ℃ and a high thermal conductivity of 3.74 W/m·K, surpassing a plethora of different biobased hydrogels. Gel-20 %BN maintained stable morphology even under continuous heating at 200 ℃ for 15 min and exhibited low surface temperatures without undergoing melting or decomposition, thus demonstrating remarkable heat dissipation capability. The re-crosslinked hydrogel, referred to as Re.Gel-20 %BN, retained similar performance to Gel-20 %BN, maintaining excellent heat dissipation characteristics and stability at 130 ℃ over an extended period. Further investigation is warranted to explore degradation or recovery methods of this hydrogel in reservoir conditions, aiming to minimize the environmental impact of petroleum extraction and contribute to a greener and more sustainable oil production process.

Epoxy-Acrylic Polymer In-Situ Filling Cell Lumen and Bonding Cell Wall for Wood Reinforcement and Stabilization.

Under a global carbon-neutralizing environment, renewable wood is a viable alternative to non-renewable resources due to its abundance and high specific strength. However, fast-growing wood is hard to be applied extensively due to low mechanical strength and poor dimensional stability and durability. In this study, epoxy-acrylic resin-modified wood was prepared by forming a functional monomer system with three monomers [glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), maleic anhydride (MAN), and polyethylene glycol-200-dimethylacrylic acid (PEGDMA)] and filling into the wood cell cavity. The results showed that in the case of an optimal monomer system of nGMA:nPEGDMA = 20:1 and an optimal MAN dosage of 6%, the conversion rate of monomers reached 98.01%, the cell cavity was evenly filled by the polymer, with the cell wall chemically bonded. Thus, a bonding strength of as high as 1.13 MPa, a bending strength of 112.6 MPa and an impact toughness of 74.85 KJ/m2 were applied to the modified wood, which presented excellent dimensional stability (720 h water absorption: 26%, and volume expansion ratio: 5.04%) and rot resistance (loss rates from white rot and brown rot: 3.05% and 0.67%). Additionally, polymer-modified wood also exhibited excellent wear resistance and heat stability. This study reports a novel approach for building new environmentally friendly wood with high strength and toughness and good structural stability and durability.

Potential Indonesian Rice Husk for Wastewater Treatment Agricultural Waste Preparation and Dye Removal Application

This study used a novel method to transform rice husk waste into a highly effective and specific adsorbent for several dyes, including malachite green, direct yellow, congo red, and rodhamine B. The rice husk was analyzed and used for the purpose of eliminating these colors from water-based solutions. The adsorbent exhibited excellent heat stability, and the sample retained the functional groups of lignin. The parameters pertaining to kinetics were also examined. The adsorption exhibited a time-dependent rise and reached its peak after 100 minutes. In the kinetics tests, the most suitable model to characterize the behavior was found to be the pseudo-first order, with a regression value near to one. The rice husk shown significant potential and selectivity in the removal of malachite green and rodhamine B, particularly in the presence of direct yellow and congo red, from aqueous solutions.

Effect of graphene on the tribological behavior of Ti6Al6V2Sn/Gn composite produced via microwave sintering

Titanium alloys are widely used in various industrial applications due to their excellent properties. Due to its excellent heat conductivity and stability, graphene (Gn) can help Ti components last longer and experience less wear. In the current study, Ti6Al6V2Sn (Ti662) with various wt.% Gn was produced. The composite samples were subjected to metallurgical characterization to analyze the influence of Gn addition in the microstructure and phases formed. The properties such as microhardness and wear resistance were analyzed for all the samples. Variations in the load, sliding velocity, and distance were made during the wear test, and the effects of these factors on the wear rate and morphology of the worn surface were examined. Mechanical property analysis revealed that Ti662 + 0.5Gn exhibited the highest microhardness of 514.32HV, which was 1.45 times that of the matrix material. The sample with 0.5Gn exhibited increased wear resistance, the order of wear resistance observed was Ti662 + 0.5Gn > Ti662 + 0.75Gn > Ti662+1Gn > Ti662 + 0.25Gn > Ti662. The wear rate was reduced by 44.15 % at 40 N, 42.07 % and 52.02 % at 1.5 m/s and 2000 m for Ti662 + 0.5Gn composite. Worn surface morphology revealed that at elevated loads, abrasive and delamination wear was observed while at elevated velocity and distance, the formation of mechanically mixed layer (MML) was observed.

Microfibril Aramid-Nanocellulose Fiber-Based Hybrid Separator for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

The poor thermal stability and wettability of commercial polyolefin separators are safety hazards that limit the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, a novel aramid-nanocellulose fiber-based hybrid separator (Aramid-NCF separator) was fabricated by an industrial one-step paper-making process. The separator showed excellent heat stability, suitable pore structure, and outstanding electrolyte wettability, with a contact angle close to 0°. The Aramid-NCF separator showed superior ionic conductivity of 5.491 × 10−4 S·cm−1 compared with an alumina-coated PE separator (PE-Al2O3 separator) (3.260 × 10−4 S·cm−1). LIBs with the Aramid-NCF separator also showed better C-rate performance, better cycling performance, and a higher capacity retention rate than batteries prepared with the PE-Al2O3 separator. A pouch battery with the Aramid-NCF showed a higher capacity retention rate (89.17% after 200 cycles at 0.5 C) than a pouch battery with the PE-Al2O3 separator (86.01% after 200 cycles at 0.5 C). Therefore, the Aramid-NCF separator is a promising candidate for next-generation LIBs.

A multifunctional integrated carbon nanotubes/polyphenylene sulfide composite: preparation, properties and applications.

Although great progress has been achieved in polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) composites by the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the development of cost-efficient, well dispersive and multifunctional integrated PPS composites has yet to be achieved because of the strong solvent resistance of PPS. In this work, a CNTs-PPS/PVA composite material has been prepared by mucus dispersion-annealing, which employed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to disperse PPS particles and CNTs at room temperature. Dispersion and scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that PVA mucus can uniformly suspend and disperse micron-sized PPS particles, promoting the interpenetration of the micro-nano scale between PPS and CNTs. During the annealing process, PPS particles deformed and then crosslinked with CNTs and PVA to form a CNTs-PPS/PVA composite. The as-prepared CNTs-PPS/PVA composite possesses outstanding versatility, including excellent heat stability with resistant temperatures up to 350 °C, corrosion resistance against strong acids and alkalis for up to 30 days, and distinguished electrical conductivity with 2941 S m-1. Besides, a well-dispersed CNTs-PPS/PVA suspension could be used to 3D print microcircuits. Hence, such multifunctional integrated composites will be highly promising in the future of new materials. This research also develops a simple and meaningful method to construct composites for solvent resistant polymers.

Parametric and economic analysis of high-temperature cascade organic Rankine cycle with a biphenyl and diphenyl oxide mixture

High-temperature organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems have the potential to improve the heat-to-power conversion efficiency and expand the temperature range for heat recovery, heat battery and solar power generation. Restricted by the critical temperature of the commonly used organic working fluids, the current ORC technology has a maximum working temperature of around 300 °C. This paper proposes a high-temperature cascade organic Rankine cycle (CORC) system using a biphenyl and diphenyl oxide (BDO) mixture as the top cycle fluid and conventional organic fluids for the bottom cycle. The BDO mixture has excellent heat stability over a wide operation condition from 12 °C to 400 °C in single-phase and binary-phase states. However, at present a detailed study on the ORC using the mixture is lacking. In this paper, a parametric analysis of the high-temperature CORC system is conducted. A mathematical model based on the equivalent hot side temperature is built to simulate the ORC efficiency. The thermodynamic and exergetic performances of the novel CORC system under different bottom ORC working fluids, mixing chamber temperatures, evaporation temperatures, and condensation temperatures are investigated. The results show the maximum thermal efficiency of the CORC system is 38.74 % and 40.26 % at top ORC evaporation temperatures of 360 °C and 400 °C. The largest exergy destruction takes place in the heat exchanger between the top and bottom ORCs. Besides, the heat regenerators have a significant impact on the thermodynamic performance and can elevate the CORC efficiency by about 4 %. The proposed system has a higher efficiency and a lower equipment cost than conventional steam Rankine cycle at 400 °C while eliminating the challenges of wet steam turbines.

Integrating a Luminescent Porous Aromatic Framework into Indicator Papers for Facile, Rapid, and Selective Detection of Nitro Compounds.

Porous aromatic framework materials with high stability, sensitivity, and selectivity have great potential to provide new sensors for optoelectronic/fluorescent probe devices. In this work, a luminescent porous aromatic framework material (LNU-23) was synthesized via the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of tetrabromopyrene and 1,2-bisphenyldiborate pinacol ester. The resulting PAF solid exhibited strong fluorescence emission with a quantum yield of 18.31%, showing excellent light and heat stability. Because the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of LNU-23 was higher than that of the nitro compounds, there was an energy transfer from the excited LNU-23 to the analyte, leading to the selective fluorescence quenching with a limit of detection (LOD) ≈ 1.47 × 10−5 M. After integrating the luminescent PAF powder on the paper by a simple dipping method, the indicator papers revealed a fast fluorescence response to gaseous nitrobenzene within 10 s, which shows great potential in outdoor fluorescence detection of nitro compounds.

Catalyst-free, reprocessable, intrinsic photothermal phase change materials networks based on conjugated oxime structure

The preparation and network adaptability of polymeric intrinsic photothermal phase change materials (IPPCMs) networks remain a great challenge without compromising the excellent latent heat, mechanical strength and shape stability of polymeric phase change materials (PCMs). Herein, IPPCMs integrating intrinsic photothermal effect, phase change properties and network adaptability were successfully synthesized by simultaneously introducing the conjugated p-benzoquinone dioxime (BQDO) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) into crosslinking polyurethane networks. IPPCMs enable efficient photothermal energy storage and reprocessing via BQDO-derived structures that works as photon captors and molecular heaters and that provides dynamic covalent bonds, respectively. IPPCMs have the highest latent heat of 131.7 J/g, the highest efficient photothermal conversion and energy storage efficiency of 88.7 %, the high shape stability even at 140 °C, the high thermal reliability and thermal stability before and after accelerating thermal cycling, accelerated solar aging test and reprocessing. Also, introducing flexible polypropylene glycol structures can tune the mechanical properties of IPPCMs without the effect on the crystallization of PEGs. The robust approach to IPPCMs can enable the combination of phase change properties, the intrinsic photothermal effect and the network adaptability in a molecular level, which will expand the application scope of PCMs for thermal energy storage.

Highly Emissive and Stable Five‐Coordinated Manganese(II) Complex for X‐Ray Imaging

AbstractNowadays, the development of X‐ray imaging has promoted the demand for new‐type scintillators, among which low‐toxic manganese(II) complexes have attracted burgeoning research interest. Herein, a highly stable manganese(II) complex with peculiar five‐coordinated modes is reported, which exhibits strong yellow emission peaked at 583 nm originating from d‐d transition of Mn2+ with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) up to 93%. The five‐coordinated manganese(II) complex has been rarely reported so far which is an innovative spot in the field of photofunctional metal complex. Thanks to the high PLQY and relatively large stokes shift, the manganese(II) complex yields bright yellow emission under low‐dose X‐ray irradiation and delivers excellent linear response to X‐ray, highlighting its suitability for X‐ray contrast imaging. Based on this, highly resolved X‐ray imaging is successfully achieved that can meet the requirements of many application scenarios. In addition, this manganese(II) complex demonstrates excellent radiation hardness, humidity resistance, and heat stability, indicating the application potential of scintillators in harsh environments. This research not only provides guidance for the design and fabrication of highly luminescent manganese(II)‐based complexes, but also demonstrates the potential of manganese(II)‐based complexes as scintillators for X‐ray imaging technology.

The synthesis of lead-free double perovskite Cs2Ag0.4Na0.6InCl6 phosphor with improved optical properties via ion doping

Lead-free double perovskite (DP) phosphors with nontoxicity and excellent moisture, light, and heat stability are promising alternatives to lead halide perovskites for wide uses in optoelectronic applications. As known, their photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (PLQY) is low in normal. Here, the optical properties of orange-emitting Cs2Ag0.4Na0.6InCl6 DP via doping Bi3+, Sm3+, or Mn2+ ions in the host lattices are proposed and remarkably enhanced. For the Bi3+-doping, the optical band gap of the Cs2Ag0.4Na0.6In1−xBixCl6 DP could be tuned from 3.82 to 2.74 eV and the optimized sample shows a markedly high PLQY of 97.33%. Sm3+-doped Cs2Ag0.4Na0.6InCl6 microcrystals (MCs) are endowed with broad emission derived from self-trapped excitons (STEs) of host. The orange-red emissions at 570, 608, and 655 nm from the transitions of 4G5/2 to 6HJ (J = 5/2, 7/2, and 9/2) of Sm3+, are demonstrated the first observation of PL from the Sm3+-doped lead-free halide DP. The Mn2+-doped Cs2Ag0.4Na0.6InCl6 MCs show dual emission peaks centered at 538 nm and 618 nm, owing to the STEs emission of Cs2Ag0.4Na0.6InCl6 host and 4T1 → 6A1 transition of Mn2+, respectively. It is interesting that the PLQY of Cs2Ag0.4Na0.6InCl6 MCs is dramatically enhanced from 21% to 41% via doping Mn2+.

Immobilization of a peroxidase from Moringa oleifera Lam. roots (MoPOX) on chitosan beads enhanced the decolorization of textile dyes

The textile industry is essential, but it is also responsible for causing environmental problems, particularly the discharge of dyes. In this context, this study aimed to immobilize a previously purified peroxidase, called MoPOX, on glutaraldehyde-activated chitosan beads in order to improve the potential for textile dye decolorization. The chitosan beads were activated with 8% glutaraldehyde for 1 h, and the immobilization was performed at 30 °C, pH 5.2 for 4 h. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses were used to observe the differences in the chitosan beads after immobilization. The optimum temperature dropped from 70 °C to 30 °C after immobilization, but immobilized MoPOX demonstrated excellent heat stability. The optimum pH remained 5.2, while the apparent kinetic constant value (Km) of immobilized MoPOX (14.67 mM) was lower in comparison to free MoPOX (46.8 mM). The immobilized enzyme showed improved activity after long storage times, and it could retain 40 % of its original activity even after 5 cycles. The potential for decolorization of different textile dyes was considerably enhanced after immobilization, reaching more than 80 %. Also, MoPOX showed no toxicity towards Artemia salina. Overall, the findings point to the promising potential of using immobilized MoPOX as a biocatalyst in a variety of biotechnological applications.

High efficiency, low resistance and high temperature resistance PTFE porous fibrous membrane for air filtration

In order to solve the problem of air pollution, especially in high temperature environment, an ultrafine poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) porous fibrous membrane (UPPFM) was created by electro-centrifugal spinning, sintering calcination and impregnation technology in this paper. The pores distribution on the surface of the fibers could be simply controlled by adjusting PVP/PTFE ratios, and prompted the porosity of obtained membrane up to 94.1%. The obtained membrane presented an ultralow air resistance to 89.9 Pa with filtration efficiency higher than 99.72%. Moreover, UPPFM showed excellent heat stability and reusability, and therefore exhibited a great potential application in the high temperature air filtration.

Bandgap Engineering of Lead-Free Double Perovskite Cs2AgInCl6 Nanocrystals via Cu2+-Doping

Lead-free double perovskites (DPs) with excellent moisture, light, and heat stability have been explored as alternatives to toxic lead halide perovskite (APbX3) (A for monovalent cation and X for Cl, Br, or I). However, the bandgaps of the current DPs are generally larger and either indirect or direct forbidden, which leads to weak visible light absorption and limitation for photovoltaic and other optoelectronic applications. Herein, we demonstrate the first synthesis of Cu2+-doped Cs2AgInCl6 double perovskite nanocrystals via a facile hot-injection solution approach. The electronic bandgap can be dramatically tuned from ∼3.60 eV (Cs2AgInCl6, parent) to ∼2.19 eV (Cu2+-doped Cs2AgInCl6) by varying the Cu2+ doping amount. We conclude that the decrease of bandgap is attributed to the overlap of the Ag-d/In-p/Cl-p orbitals and the Cu-3d orbitals in the valence band. The wide tunability of the optical and electronic properties makes Cu2+-Doped Cs2AgInCl6 DP NCs promising candidates for future optoelectronic device applications.

Alkyl side-chain dependent self-organization of small molecule and its application in high-performance organic and perovskite solar cells

Abstract The molecular self-organization of organic semiconductors, which is mainly determined by the structural design, film processing, and device configuration, is one of the crucial factors for achieving high-performance organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and perovskite solar cells (PvSCs). In this study, we newly synthesized and developed strongly self-organized small molecules via alkyl side-chain engineering. Replacing “H” to “C6H13” on the thienyl group, SM2 showed a well-ordered face-on orientation. Due to favorable self-organization leading to effective charge carrier dynamics, including enhanced charge transfer/transport and suppressed recombination, SM2-based OPVs and PvSCs exhibited improved device performance compared to the devices based on SM1 without an additional hexyl side-chain. The best fullerene-based OPV and planar PvSC with SM2 as a small-molecule donor and as a hole transport layer (HTL) achieved an unprecedentedly high efficiency of 9.38% and 20.56%, in contrast with SM1-based devices showing lower efficiency of 8.70% and 15.37%. Furthermore, the planar PvSCs based on undoped-SM2 HTL exhibited comparable efficiency but provided excellent heat and humidity stability compared with doped spiro-OMeTAD-based devices. These results clearly indicated that SM2 with highly-ordered and favorable self-organization is a promising organic semiconductor for future applications of high-performance organic and inorganic-organic hybrid electronics.

Double-cross-linking strategy for preparing flexible, robust, and multifunctional polyimide aerogel

Polymer-based aerogels have many uses because they possess excellent mechanical properties, such as high moduli and remarkable fatigue resistances. Freeze drying is an appealing aerogel preparation method because it is simple, green and inexpensive. However, polymer-based aerogels prepared by freeze drying always exhibit inferior mechanical properties compared to those prepared by classic supercritical drying, even if the raw material is polyimide. Herein, we report a novel double-cross-linking strategy to obtain a freeze-dried and robust polyimide/reduce graphene oxide/cobalt (PI/rGO/Co) aerogel with an interdigitated cellular architecture. The double-cross-linking strategy was attributed to hydrogen bonds derived from the graphene oxide (GO sheets) and coordination interactions from the Co ions. The interdigitated cellular architecture is the critical factor for achieving aerogels with low densities, flexibilities, high moduli (0.506 MPa compression modulus, 43% improvement of tensile modulus), and high fatigue resistances (1000 cycles). The as-prepared aerogel could be modified to achieve hydrophobicity with a 146.1° water contact angle. It was also difficult to be ignited and it exhibited excellent heat stability and low thermal conductivities (0.040 W·m−1·K−1 at 25 °C; 0.046 W·m−1·K−1 at 100 °C).