Excellent Electrical Conductivity Research Articles

Strong and Tough MXene Bridging-induced Conductive Nacre.

Nacre is a classic model, providing an inspiration for fabricating high-performance bulk nanocomposites with the two-dimensional platelets. However, the "brick" of nacre, aragonite platelet, is an ideal building block for making high-performance bulk nanocomposites. Herein, we demonstrated a strong and tough conductive nacre through reassembling aragonite platelets with bridged by MXene nanosheets and hydrogen bonding, not only providing high mechanical properties but also excellent electrical conductivity. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of the obtained conductive nacre reach ~282 MPa and ~6.3 MPa m1/2, which is 1.6 and 1.6 times higher than that of natural nacre, respectively. These properties are attributed to densification and high orientation degree of the conductive nacre, which is effectively induced by the combined interactions of hydrogen bonding and MXene nanosheets bridging. The crack propagations in conductive nacre are effectively inhibited through crack deflection with hydrogen bonding, and MXene nanosheets bridging between aragonite platelets. In addition, our conductive nacre also provides a self-monitoring function for structural damage and offers exceptional electromagnetic interference shielding performance. Our strategy of reassembling the aragonite platelets exfoliated from waste nacre into high-performance artificial nacre, provides an avenue for fabricating high-performance bulk nanocomposites through the sustainable reutilization of shell resources.

Strong and Tough MXene Bridging‐induced Conductive Nacre

AbstractNacre is a classic model, providing an inspiration for fabricating high‐performance bulk nanocomposites with the two‐dimensional platelets. However, the “brick” of nacre, aragonite platelet, is an ideal building block for making high‐performance bulk nanocomposites. Herein, we demonstrated a strong and tough conductive nacre through reassembling aragonite platelets with bridged by MXene nanosheets and hydrogen bonding, not only providing high mechanical properties but also excellent electrical conductivity. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of the obtained conductive nacre reach ~282 MPa and ~6.3 MPa m1/2, which is 1.6 and 1.6 times higher than that of natural nacre, respectively. These properties are attributed to densification and high orientation degree of the conductive nacre, which is effectively induced by the combined interactions of hydrogen bonding and MXene nanosheets bridging. The crack propagations in conductive nacre are effectively inhibited through crack deflection with hydrogen bonding, and MXene nanosheets bridging between aragonite platelets. In addition, our conductive nacre also provides a self‐monitoring function for structural damage and offers exceptional electromagnetic interference shielding performance. Our strategy of reassembling the aragonite platelets exfoliated from waste nacre into high‐performance artificial nacre, provides an avenue for fabricating high‐performance bulk nanocomposites through the sustainable reutilization of shell resources.

Emerging MXene-based electrocatalysts for efficient nitrate reduction to ammonia: recent advance, challenges, and prospects

Ammonia (NH3) plays an irreplaceable role in traditional agriculture and emerging renewable energy. Its preparation in industry mainly relies on the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process, which is associated with high energy consumption and large CO2 emissions. Recently, the nitrate reduction reaction (NO3-RR) driven by renewable energy has received extensive attention. This reaction can efficiently synthesize NH3 with water as a hydrogen source and NO3- as a nitrogen source under mild conditions, which is conducive to reducing energy consumption and promoting the carbon cycle. It is well known that the properties of electrocatalysts determine the performance of NO3-RR. As an emerging two-dimensional material, MXenes (transition metal carbides/nitrides/carbon nitrides) possess excellent electrical conductivity, large specific surface area and controllable surface functional groups, which shows great application potential in the field of NO3-RR. Herein, this review summarized the structure, properties and synthesis strategies of MXenes to elucidate the possibilities from foundation to application. Then, the latest research progress in applying MXene-based electrocatalysts to NO3-RR was summarized and the applicability of different NH3 detection methods was analyzed. Finally, the present challenges and future prospects of NO3-RR were presented. This review aimed to provide thoughtful insights into the rational design of MXene-based electrocatalysts for sustainable NH3 synthesis.

Simultaneously improving mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of Al-1.9Mn alloys with different Mg and Si addition

A simultaneous achievement of high strength and toughness, as well as high conductivity in traditional Al-1.9Mn cast aluminum alloy used in the manufacture of water-cooled radiator shells has proven to be challenging. The addition of Mg and Si elements was implemented in the cast aluminum alloy for a modified treatment to solve the problem. The results showed that the inclusion of Si facilitated the transformation of the plate-like Mn-rich phase (Al6Mn) in the initial Al-1.9Mn alloy into a Chinese-script phase (Al15Mn3Si2) in the new Al-1.9Mn alloy. A higher Si content resulted in an increased volume fraction of Al15Mn3Si2 and a decreased solid solution of Mn in the matrix. Furthermore, a high content of Mg (0.9 wt%) in the Si modified Al-1.9Mn alloy resulted in a notable property reduction, not only in its elongation, but also in its electrical conductivity. It can be attributed to the formation of Mg2Si and the increased solid solution of Mg in the matrix. Through the optimization of the Mg and Si contents, new Al-1.9Mn alloys with superior mechanical properties and excellent electrical conductivity were successfully developed. With the addition of 0.45 wt% magnesium and 0.75 wt% silicon, the new Al-1.9Mn alloy increased its tensile strength to 170 MPa and yield strength to 88 MPa while maintaining 10 % elongation. At the same time, its electrical conductivity increased by 10.7 % compared to the original Al-1.9Mn alloy. The addition of magnesium and silicon elements can achieve a simultaneous enhancement of both the strength and electrical conductivity of the Al-1.9Mn alloy. This holds the potential to meet the usage requirements for cast aluminum alloys used in water-cooled radiator shells.

Characterization of manufacturing material and carbon nanohybrid for renewable energy and storage systems

Scientists are exploring advanced energy alternatives to compete with rising fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions due to population growth and technological advancements. Supercapacitors are highly efficient systems for storing energy due to their specific capacitance and power density, meeting modern energy storage demands. Perovskite and carbon-based materials have emerged as the most effective materials in this respect. In this work, SrSnO3/rGO nanohybrid is chosen as the supercapacitor electrode material for the very first time and a range of characterization techniques are employed to ascertain the structural and textural characteristics of the composite. The physicochemical properties of the SrSnO3 included rGO are shown to have a greater surface area, excellent electrical conductivity and a lower resistance. It is demonstrated that the rGO improved quicker ion diffusion channels for the increased redox performance in the SrSnO3/rGO nanohybrid. Additionally at 1 A/g, the SrSnO3/rGO nanohybrid has an elevated specific capacitance of 1385 F/g along with energy and power density of 66 Wh/kg and 293 W/kg, respectively in a three-electrode system. During the two electrode observations, the revealed Cs of SrSnO3/rGO nanohybrid was 122 F/g at 1 A/g with 66 Wh/kg and 293 W/kg of energy density and power density, respectively. The SrSnO3/rGO nanohybrid has exceptional functionality, as demonstrated by its 65 h stability examination via chronoamperometry and a modest drop in its CV polarization curve area after the 5000th cycle of the CV stability analysis. These evaluated results point to the nanohybrid's promising future.

Carbon nanotube reinforced FeMoO4 nanorods as a high-performance anode for sodium-ion batteries

Iron molybdate (FeMoO4) nanostructures show great promise as a superior anode for sodium-ion batteries. However, its use in practical application is hampered by its poor electronic conductivity, large volume changes and sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, we have developed an interconnected network of multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT) and FeMoO4 (FMO) by a simple one-step hydrothermal method. As well as providing efficient channels for charge transfer and diffusion, highly conductive CNTs also have a degree of volume elasticity and excellent electrical conductivity to ensure migration of sodium ions, enabling both fast kinetics and long-term stability. As a result, the FMO@CNT anode delivers a high reversible capacity of 485 mA h g−1 at 0.05 A/g and very long cycling stability with a capacity of 75 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A/g. Furthermore, by combining the ex-situ X-ray diffraction, ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry results, sodium ion storage mechanism of the FMO@CNT electrode obeys a conversion mechanism. The results of this work provide a better understanding on the sodium ion storage mechanism of binary metal oxides.

Additive-Free Anode with High Stability: Nb2CTx MXene Prepared by HCl-LiF Hydrothermal Etching for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

MXenes, represented by Ti3C2Tx, have been widely studied in the electrochemical energy storage fields, including lithium-ion batteries, for their unique two-dimensional structure, tunable surface chemistry, and excellent electrical conductivity. Recently, Nb2CTx, as a new type of MXene, has attracted more and more attention due to its high theoretical specific capacity of 542 mAh g-1. However, the preparation of few-layer Nb2CTx nanosheets with high-quality remains a challenge, which limits their research and application. In this work, high-quality few-layer Nb2CTx nanosheets with a large lateral size and a high conductivity of up to 500 S cm-1 were prepared by a simple HCl-LiF hydrothermal etching method, which is 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of previously reported Nb2CTx. Furthermore, from its aqueous ink, the viscosity-tunable organic few-layer Nb2CTx ink was prepared by HCl-induced flocculation and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone treatment. When using the organic few-layer Nb2CTx ink as an additive-free anode of lithium-ion batteries, it showed excellent cycling performance with a reversible specific capacity of 524.0 mAh g-1 after 500 cycles at 0.5 A g-1 and 444.0 mAh g-1 after 5000 cycles at 1 A g-1. For rate performance, a specific capacity of 159.8 mAh g-1 was obtained at a high current density of 5 A g-1, and an excellent capacity retention rate of about 95.65% was achieved when the current density returned to 0.5 A g-1. This work presents a simple and scalable process for the preparation of high-quality Nb2CTx and its aqueous/organic ink, which demonstrates important application potential as electrodes for electrochemical energy storage devices.

Natural bio-waste-derived 3D N/O self-doped heteroatom honeycomb-like porous carbon with tuned huge surface area for high-performance supercapacitor

Supercapacitor electrodes (SCs) of carbon-based materials with flexible structures and morphologies have demonstrated excellent electrical conductivity and chemical stability. Herein, a clean and cost-effective method for producing a 3D self-doped honeycomb-like carbonaceous material with KOH activation from bio-waste oyster shells (BWOSs) is described. A remarkable performance was achieved by the excellent hierarchical structured carbon (HSC-750), which has a large surface area and a reasonably high packing density. The enhanced BWOSs-derived HSC-750 shows an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 525 F/g at 0.5 A g−1 in 3 M KOH electrolyte, as well as high specific surface area (2377 m2 g−1), pore volume (1.35 cm3 g−1), nitrogen (4.70%), and oxygen (10.58%) doping contents. The SCs also exhibit exceptional cyclic stability, maintaining 98.5% of their capacitance after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. The two-electrode approach provides a super high energy density of 28 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 250 W kg−1 in an alkaline solution, with remarkable cyclability after 10,000 cycles. The study demonstrates the innovative HSC synthesis from BWOSs precursor and cost-effective fabrication of 3D N/O self-doped heteroatom HSC for flexible energy storage.

Metal-ion-assisted in-situ fabrication of large-size CoNi-LDH@MXene for robust high-energy supercapacitors

MXene has attracted substantial attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage by virtue of its excellent electrical conductivity and redox activity. Nevertheless, the interaction of hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces in interlamination made MXene is susceptible to stack and aggregate that severely limits its practical application. In this study, cubic ZIF-67 was in-situ grown on the MXene substrate, with the assistance of a metal-ion-assisted etching strategy stepwise nucleate and grow defective LDH nanosheet arrays, resulting in the formation of large-size CoNi-LDH@MXene composite electrode. The uniformly distributed LDH nanosheet arrays feature with low angle grain boundaries and further leading to the formation of oxygen vacancies, which become reactive reaction sites and offer high-speed channels for ion migration. The large-size CoNi-LDH@MXene composite electrode exhibited a substantially improved electrochemical performance of 1420 F g−1 at 1 A/g. After being assembled into an asymmetric supercapacitor, it manifests a high energy density (energy density of 58.3 Wh kg−1 at 750 W kg−1). This work demonstrates a novel strategy for in situ fabrication of robust supercapacitor devices.

Boosting the triboelectric performances of biowaste chitosan keratin triboelectric nanogenerator using carbon composite film as charge storage and charge recombination blocking intermediate layer

Environmental conservation efforts are promoting energy-generation technologies that avoid the use of highly polluting fuels and promote the reuse of waste materials. Advances in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have led to the progress in harvesting energy from ambient mechanical sources and powering small devices and sensors while being compact, flexible, biocompatible, and eco-friendly. Nevertheless, the practical applications of TENG have limitations. Therefore, the development of TENG with excellent triboelectric performance, eco-friendliness, and low cost is crucial. Consequently, an environmentally friendly, inexpensive TENG device with outstanding triboelectric performance was designed using keratin-enhanced chitosan as a tribo-positive material, a carbon film as an intermediate layer, and polytetrafluoroethylene as a triboelectric negative material. The device was purposely designed to simultaneously play a role in waste treatment and efficient green energy harvesting. Therefore, keratin was extracted from recycled fur, and a carbon film was selected to enhance the triboelectric performance because of its excellent electrical conductivity and dielectric constant. The triboelectric properties of a chitosan keratin intermediate layer (CKI)-TENG were systematically investigated. Practical applications of the CKI-TENG in charging electronic devices and waste-noise harvesting were also studied. The developed CKI TENG exhibited outstanding triboelectric performance compared to a TENG device without an intermediate layer. Particularly, the charge transfer, output voltage, and power density was improved by 19%, 46%, and 60%, respectively, compared to the output of the chitosan-keratin (CK) TENG device. It also exhibited outstanding cyclic and charging-discharging stabilities. In addition, the power density of the developed CKI TENG was higher than that of previously reported TENG devices. Thus, it can play a significant role in green and clean energy generation and the utilization of the harvested energy in practical applications, such as biomedical sensors, charging electronic devices, smart textiles, and sensors.

Controlling silver deposition morphology on aluminum surfaces: Surfactant modify anisotropy of aluminum surface energy

Faced with the challenge of uncontrollable Ag layer deposition morphology during the preparation of silver-coated aluminum particles (Al/Ag). A simple and nontoxic method involving the introduction of surfactants (PEG, PVP, and gelatin (GEL)) to alter the anisotropy of Al surface energy was proposed to achieve control over Ag deposition morphology. Theoretical calculations indicate that PEG undergoes physisorption to Al, while PVP and GEL can alter the surface energy of specific crystal planes by selectively binding to different crystal facets. This action alters the growth habit of Ag on the Al surface and modulates the Ag deposition behavior, these conclusions align with experimental results. Compared with PEG and PVP, the incorporation of GEL was beneficial for the formation of a conformal Ag layer. This can be attributed to GEL preferentially passivating the highest crystal plane Al (110) surface, forming a buffer layer at the solid-liquid interface, leveling out the Ag deposition rate on various crystal planes, and also effectively inhibiting side reactions, in addition to enhancing the wettability of reaction solution. The Al/Ag particle exhibits excellent electrical conductivity (1.03 × 10−6 Ω·cm) and electromagnetic absorption (−32.5 dB, 1.62 GHz), it is suitable for use as a highly conductive electromagnetic shielding material.

Transfiguring energy with an advantageous supercapacitor integrating MoS2/carbon quantum dots bi‐composites into a high‐performance polypyrrole matrix for unprecedented efficiency

AbstractFor the first time, a simple one‐step in situ chemical polymerization technique is used to create a novel molybdenum disulphide/sulphonated carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and polypyrrole (MCP) nanocomposite that is extended for successful use in charge storage supercapacitor (SC) device. By inheriting qualities of excellent electrical conductivity of MoS2, CQDs and improved pseudocapacitive activity of polypyrrole (PPy), the MCP nanocomposite provides a suitable SC electrode material. 0.6 MCP nanocomposited three‐electrode system demonstrates 93.21% retention after 5000 cycles, and a maximum specific capacity of 2253 F/g at 2 mV/s with higher side of energy density as 106.06 Wh/kg along with a considerable power density as 180.28 W/kg. Using MCP as anode and an AC or activated charcoal electrode as cathode, a solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was constructed. The fabricated device supplies a greater value of specific capacitance as 154.09 F/g at 100 mV/s and 175 F/g at 0.1 A/g, also evidenced superior energy density data as 126 Wh/kg along with an appreciable power density of 604.8 W/kg. After charging the ASC for 2 min, the light emitting diode shone for 5 min. The findings underpin that MCP is a potential electrode material that could be utilized as a better alternative in futuristic supercapacitor devices.

Facile Nanowelding Process for Silver Nanowire Electrodes Toward High‐Performance Large‐Area Flexible Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

AbstractDespite considerable interest, uniform and robust flexible transparent conducting electrodes (FTCEs) that can be seamlessly integrated and used for highly efficient large‐area flexible oganic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) remain elusive. In this study, a large‐area fabrication of uniform transparent electrodes for high‐performance flexible OLEDs by exploiting the rapid nanowelding process of silver nanowires (AgNWs) onto polyethylene terephthalate substrate under Xe‐lamp irradiation and mechanical pressing treatment is reported. The performance of AgNWs FTCEs is significantly enhanced by applying the Xe‐lamp beam irradiation for 5 s and subsequent compression at 20 MPa for 15 s, achieving a low sheet resistance of 26.5 Ω sq−1, a high transmittance of 95.2% (at 550 nm), and very smooth surfaces with root‐mean‐square of 5.4 nm. Meanwhile, the nanowelded AgNWs FTCEs maintain excellent electrical conductivity (only a 2.96% increase in ΔR/R0) after 1000 bending cycles. The resulting AgNWs FTCEs‐based green phosphorescent OLED achieves an unprecedented external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 23.7% and a current efficiency as high as 81.5 cd A−1. Benefiting from the uniform properties for resulting AgNWs FTCEs, the fabricated flexible OLED with a large area of 25 × 25 mm2 still retains a high EQE of 22.2% and a current efficiency of 78.0 cd A−1.

Centrifugal-Gravity-Enforced Deposition of MXene Electrodes for High-Performance and Ultrastable Microsupercapacitors.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, known as MXenes, have captured much attention for their excellent electrical conductivity and electrochemical capability. However, the susceptibility of MXenes to oxidation, particularly Ti3C2Tx transforming into titanium dioxide upon exposure to ambient air, hinders their utilization for extended operational life cycles. This work introduces a simple and straightforward method for producing ultrathin MXene electrode films tailored for energy storage applications, employing centrifugal-gravity force. Our approach significantly suppresses the oxidation phenomenon that arises in MXene materials and also effectively prevents the recrystallization of potentially residual LiF during the film formation. Additionally, the utilization of this MXene electrode in an all-solid-state microsupercapacitor (MSC) with an interdigitated pattern demonstrates an exceptionally improved and stable electrochemical performance. This includes a high volumetric capacitance of approximately 467 F cm-3, an energy density of around 65 mWh cm-3, and impressive long-term cycle stability, retaining about 94% capacity after 10 000 cycles. Moreover, a downsized MSC device exhibits remarkable mechanical durability, retaining over 98% capacity even when folded and sustaining stability over extended periods. Therefore, we believe that this study provides valuable insights for advancing highly integrated energy storage devices, ensuring exceptional electrochemical efficiency and prolonged functionality in diverse environments, whether ambient or humid.

Dual-indicators machine learning assisted processing high-quality laser-induced fluorine-doped graphene and its application on droplet velocity monitoring sensor

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is widely used in electron devices owing to its characteristics of fine patterning and high precision. Doping is a commonly used approach to improve the quality of LIG. Thanks to the excellent superhydrophobicity and high electrical conductivity of laser-induced fluorine-doped graphene (F-LIG), it shows promising potential in developing electrodes for electron devices. However, it remains a major challenge to rapidly search for the optimal laser processing parameter space that can process high-quality F-LIG. In this work, a dual-indicators predictive machine learning (ML) method for optimizing the F-LIG process was proposed, utilizing a Gaussian process regression (GPR) algorithm. The mean square error (MSE) between the actual and predicted values of the data used for the model test was 0.00814, while the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was 10.33 %, demonstrating a certain degree of generalization without overfitting. Importantly, the F-LIG processed using parameters predicted by the ML model achieved excellent superhydrophobicity and conductivity simultaneously. Based on this high-quality F-LIG, a self-powered droplet velocity monitoring sensor was developed. This sensor can accurately work after 20,000 cycles, showing excellent stability. The proposed dual-indicator ML model assisted the optimization of the F-LIG process, which will provide a feasible and economical way to process high-quality graphene and related electron devices.

Application of carbon fiber composite materials in aircraft

Carbon fiber composite is a material with excellent mechanical properties. Compared with other high-performance fiber materials, carbon fiber composites have the advantages of high strength and high modulus even at ultra-high temperatures. In addition, the carbon fiber composite material also has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity and electromagnetic shielding performance. Carbon fiber composites are widely used in the aircraft manufacturing industry due to their incomparable performance with other composite materials. In recent years, the amount of carbon fiber composite materials in newly developed aircraft products has reached more than 50%. This paper aims to explore the application of carbon fiber in aircraft, and to reflect the importance of carbon fiber composite materials by comparing models that use composite materials and models that do not use composite materials. The study explores the application of carbon fiber composite materials in aircraft through a comprehensive literature analysis and review. Key findings indicate significant advantages of these materials in enhancing aircraft performance, including reduced weight and increased strength. The paper also discusses the challenges in manufacturing and environmental impacts, offering insights into future research directions for sustainable aviation technologies.

An antifouling electrochemical sensor integrating ‘‘3-in-1″ dual-targeted aptamer for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein

Electrochemical biosensors have shown promise in bioanalysis and diagnosis. However, they suffer from the accumulation and adhesion of biomolecules in biofluids on sensing surfaces, while the hiring of potential antifouling is limited by the cost and complexity of the construction methods. Here, an economical three-dimensional (3D) conductive antifouling coating was prepared. This coating was composed of bovine serum albumin (BSA) crosslinked glutaraldehyde (GA) and copper-gold nanowires (CuAu NWs) with excellent electrical conductivity. Furthermore, a dual-targeted aptamer (D-Apt), with a “3-in-1″ structure of two specific binding sequences and a DNA linker, was designed to specifically recognize BSA and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein, affording low nanomolar binding affinity. Importantly, the introduction of the D-Apt greatly simplified the functionalization procedure on the electrode surface and the immobilization of the biorecognition element. Then, a simple electrochemical biosensor based on the CuAu/BSA/GA and D-Apt was constructed for the detection of S protein. This sensor exhibited merits of cost-effectiveness, sensitivity and practicality for detection of S protein. The work could provide a facile avenue to construct electrochemical biosensors with low-cost antifouling for the accurate diagnosis of epidemic antigenic disease markers.

Electrochemical Properties of NiCo2O4/WO3/Activated Carbon Wheat Husk Nano-Electrocatalyst for Methanol and Ethanol Oxidation

It is common to use efficient catalysts in the anodes and cathodes of methanol and ethanol fuel cells, such as platinum and ruthenium. However, due to their expansivity and rarity, finding a suitable alternative is important. In this work, multi-component catalysts consisting of tungsten oxide, nickel cobaltite, and activated carbon were synthesized through the hydrothermal method. The performance of catalysts in the processes of methanol and ethanol oxidation reactions (MOR and EOR) were investigated. The addition of activated carbon obtained from wheat husk, with an excellent active surface and acceptable electrical conductivity, to the matrix of the catalyst significantly facilitated the oxidation process of alcohols and enhanced the efficiency of the catalyst. The physical and electrochemical characterization of the NiCo2O4/WO3 hybridized with the wheat husk-derived activated carbon (ACWH) catalyst indicated its successful synthesis and good performance in the alcohol oxidation process. NiCo2O4/WO3/ACWH with an oxidation current density of 63.39 mA/cm2 at the peak potential of 0.58 V (1.59 vs. RHE), a cyclic stability of 98.6% in the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and 27.98 mA/cm2 at the peak potential of 0.67 V (1.68 vs. RHE), and a cyclic stability of 95.7% in the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) process can be an interesting option for application in the anodes of alcohol fuel cells.

An Antibacterial, Conductive Nanocomposite Hydrogel Coupled with Electrical Stimulation for Accelerated Wound Healing.

Electrical stimulation (ES) can effectively promote skin wound healing; however, single-electrode-based ES strategies are difficult to cover the entire wound area, and the effectiveness of ES is often limited by the inconsistent mechanical properties of the electrode and wound tissue. The above factors may lead to ES treatment is not ideal. A multifunctional conductive hydrogel dressing containingmethacrylated gelatin (GelMA), Ti3C2and collagen binding antimicrobial peptides (V-Os) was developed to improve wound management. Ti3C2 was selected as the electrode component due to its excellent electrical conductivity, the modified antimicrobial peptide V-Os could replace traditional antibiotics to suppress bacterial infections, and GelMA hydrogel was used due to its clinical applicability in wound healing. The results showed that this new hydrogel dressing (GelMA@Ti3C2/V-Os) not only has excellent electrical conductivity and biocompatibility but also has a durable and efficient bactericidal effect. The modified antimicrobial peptides V-Os used were able to bind more closely to GelMA hydrogel to exert long-lasting antibacterial effects. The results of cell experiment showed that the GelMA@Ti3C2/V-Os hydrogel dressing could enhance the effect of current stimulation and significantly improve the migration, proliferation and tissue repair related genes expression of fibroblasts. In vitro experiments results showed that under ES, GelMA@Ti3C2/V-Os hydrogel dressing could promote re-epithelialization, enhance angiogenesis, mediate immune response and prevent wound infection. This multifunctional nanocomposite hydrogel could provide new strategies for promoting infectious wound healing.

Sustainable graphene production for solution-processed microsupercapacitors and multipurpose flexible electronics

The growing demand for portable and wearable electronics, Internet of Things microdevices, and wireless sensor networks has led to the development of miniaturized energy storage devices, such as microsupercapacitors (mSCs). With excellent electrical conductivity and high surface area in a layered structure, graphene materials are ideal for mSCs, but current manufacturing methods still hinder their widespread integration. Here, we propose a sustainable approach for the rapid and eco-friendly production of few-layer graphene flakes based on the exfoliation of graphite in water by a combination of high-shear mixing and a high-pressure airless spray. An all-carbon composite paste with high electrical conductivity and tunable viscosity was designed to fabricate planar, interdigitated mSCs on polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The flexible, metal-free mSCs achieved a Coulombic efficiency close to 100%, with areal and volumetric capacitances of 6.16 mF cm−2 and 2.46 F cm−3, respectively. The maximum energy density exceeds 200 μWh cm−3 with 91.5% capacitance retention after 10000 galvanostatic chargedischarge cycles. The mSCs retain the same performance when subjected to a wide bending range and can be easily modularized to adjust the voltage and capacitance outputs. Finally, high-performance coatings for electromagnetic interference shielding and wearable strain sensors are also fabricated to demonstrate the multipurpose applicability of the graphene-based paste.