Excellent Condition Research Articles

Effects of Aerosol on Reference Crop Evapotranspiration: A Case Study in Henan Province, China

An increase in atmospheric pollution markedly affects the climatic environment. Aerosol is the main component of atmospheric pollutants and has a significant influence on the changes of reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0), while the effects of aerosol on ET0 are still unclear. In this study, the influence of aerosol on the changes in meteorological elements and ET0 in Henan Province was evaluated using online two-way coupling of WRF (Weather Research Forecast)–Chem. The results of the 30-day Online Two-way Coupling indicated that the WRF–Chem model accurately simulated the temporal and spatial variation of each meteorological element in Henan Province. Aerosol decreased the overall temperature in Henan Province by 0.036 °C, wind speed by 0.176 m s−1, and barometric pressure by 20 Pa, while the relative humidity increased by 1.39%. The effect of aerosol on meteorological elements led to the change in ET0. The extent of the effect of aerosol on ET0 was closely related to the aerosol concentration. The variation of ET0 ranged from −0.545 to 0.676 mm d−1 for a pollution condition and −0.309 to 0.380 mm d−1 for an excellent condition. The extent of the effect of aerosol on ET0 varied among regions, and the variation of ET0 showed distinct spatial patterns under different pollution levels. The varying degree of ET0 in the daytime (ET0-d) was greater than ET0-n (ET0 in the nighttime) regardless of the circumstances. Shortwave aerosol radiative forcing was the main cause of this phenomenon. For an excellent condition, aerosol showed positive regulation of ET0-d in 63% of the regions and of ET0-n in 88% of the regions. ET0-A (aerodynamic term of ET0) plays a dominant role in ET0 changes in most of Henan Province. However, as the pollution level increased, more urban ET0-R (radiation term of ET0) also began to dominate the ET0 changes. These results contribute to an in-depth understanding of the response of regional evapotranspiration to atmospheric pollutants and climate change.

Groundwater quality assessment using the water quality index: case study in the north-western part of Drini i Bardhë River basin, Kosovo

Drinking water sources are susceptible to pollutants depending on geological conditions and agricultural, industrial and other human activities. Water quality assessment has always been a major part of environmental management plans. The water quality index (WQI) method plays an important role and is a powerful tool for analysing the overall water quality. The purpose of this study was to analyse and present the results for the quality of groundwater in the north-western part of the Drini i Bardhë River basin, Kosovo, based on data that were collected from 50 sampling points, 48 different wells (dug and drilled) and two springs in November 2018–January 2019. Through this work, it has been possible to provide authentic information on this study area to the public, who use these waters for water supply, irrigation and other purposes. Processing, analysis and interpretation of the results are based on statistical methods, water quality standards and the WQI method. The completion of the study followed a scientific research work methodology based on field and laboratory studies. For calculating the WQI, groundwater samples were analysed in terms of 13 physico-chemical parameters – namely, T, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, sodium (Na+) ions, calcium (Ca2+) ions, magnesium (Mg2+) ions, potassium (K+) ions, bicarbonates (HCO3 −), chlorides (Cl−), sulfates (SO4 2−) and nitrates (NO3 −). Based on the results obtained and a comparison with World Health Organization standards, it was shown that the parameters of the groundwater are within the allowed limit values for drinking water. The values obtained for the WQIs of the groundwater samples from the north-western part of the Drini i Bardhë River basin, Kosovo, range from 11 to 116, indicating that these waters are mainly in good and excellent condition, and only sample SP40 had water unfit for consumption.

Patients' Impression of Health Care Providers' Attire in the Emergency Department.

Background The level of patient satisfaction and, ultimately, the assessment of the quality of care are greatly influenced by physicians' capacity to leave a positive impression on patients during provider-patient interactions. The way doctors dress affects how people view their care. There have been few studies on the impact of doctors' attire on patient confidence and trust. The objective of this study is to assess patients' preferences concerning specific cultural attire and its influence on patients' trust, compliance, and perceptions of the quality of care in the emergency department. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed using the survey methodology for patients in emergency departments. Participants completed a written survey after reviewing doctors' portraits in different dress styles. Respondents were asked questions about the importance of the health service providers' attire in the emergency department on the patient's perception. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 (SPSS; IBM Inc., Armonk, New York) was used to perform the analysis after the data were entered into Microsoft Excel 2016 (Microsoft, Redmond, Washington). The categorical analysis was performed using the Chi-squared test to explore for relationships between the results and various variables. Result A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 395 patients; two responses were excluded for lack of completeness of the answers in it: 33.8%) were males (66.2%) were females (56.7%) were married (73.8%) completed university education (44.8%) were employed and (74.5%) with excellent health conditions. The questionnaire was devoted to the local setting, with pictures of the health care provider (male and female), in different types of doctor's attire included.Respondents overwhelmingly prefer male emergency physicians to dress in medical scrub (50%, p=.0001)and prefer female emergency physicians to dress in a medical scrub with a white coat (68.7%, p=.0001). Conclusion First impressions based on a physician's appearance serve as the foundation for assumptions about trust, confidence, and competency, particularly in circumstances when patients or family members do not already have a relationship with the provider.

Stability and Thermal Conductivity of Mono and Hybrid Nanoparticles Dispersion in Double-End Capped PAG Lubricant

Stable nanolubricant mixtures are interrelated with thermal conductivity enhancement, thus improving heat transfer performance in automotive air conditioning (AAC) systems. This paper studies the stability and thermal conductivity of double-end capped polyalkylene glycol (PAG)-based nanolubricants specially designed for R1234yf refrigerant. Mono nanolubricants (Al2O3/PAG and SiO2/PAG) and hybrid nanolubricants (Al2O3–SiO2/PAG) were prepared using a two-step preparation method at different volume concentrations of 0.01 to 0.05%. The stability of these nanolubricants was observed by visual, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and zeta potential. Thermal conductivity (k) was measured from 30 to 70 °C using a C-Therm thermal properties analyser. The results from the stability analysis show that all nanolubricants were confirmed in excellent stability conditions for more than six months with minimum visual sedimentation, more than 70% concentration ratio, and zeta potentials greater than 60 mV. The Al2O3–SiO2/PAG samples recorded the highest values of thermal conductivity increment, followed by the Al2O3/PAG and SiO2/PAG samples with 2.0%, 1.7%, and 1.5% enhancement. Hybrid nanolubricants have been shown to have greater potential in the AAC system because of their excellent stability and better property enhancement in thermal conductivity.

Surface Topography and Biocompatibility of cp–Ti Grade2 Fabricated by Laser‐Based Powder Bed Fusion: Influence of Printing Orientation and Surface Treatments

The selective laser melting process, commonly known as laser‐based powder bed fusion (LB‐PBF), enables the production of structures with unprecedented degrees of freedom that represents an excellent condition for development of metallic implants for biomedical applications. Herein, the effects of laser energy density on relative density and microstructure (presence of internal defects) of cp‐TiGd2 fabricated by LB‐PBF are studied. Additionally, the influence of printing orientation and different surface treatments on surface topography and biocompatibility are investigated. The aim of the research is to develop additive manufacturing process parameters that can achieve full density of cp‐TiGd2 with satisfactory biocompatibility, as a low‐cost alternative to biomedical materials such as Ti–6Al–4 V and Ti–6Al–7Nb. A wide range variation of process parameters leads to an optimized process with high density up to 99.97 ± 0.008%, improved surface roughness, and noncytotoxicity in horizontal and inclined as‐built condition, as well as in Al2O3 (blasting angle 0°) condition.

Quantitative assessment of cultivated land use intensity in Heilongjiang Province, China, 2001–2015

Cultivated land is a crucial resource for human survival and development. The sustainable use of cultivated land is the foundation for ensuring food security and maintaining social stability. The Chinese government has promulgated a series of policies to protect cultivated land, focusing on the quantity, quality, and health of cultivated land. However, these policies lack adequate focus on aspects such as the intensity and sustainable use of the cultivated land. Human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP) is an important method for measuring land use intensity and ecosystem sustainability. Based on the HANPP framework, this study estimated the cultivated land use intensity (CLUI) at a 1-km-scale in Heilongjiang from 2001 to 2015. Spatial autocorrelation models were used to analyse the spatio-temporal patterns and aggregation characteristics of CLUI, and correlation analysis model was used to reveal the influencing factors of CLUI in time and space. The results included the following: (1) Utilization intensity of wheat (CLUIwheat), maize (CLUImaize), and all crops (CLUIall) increased by 0.07, 0.44, and 0.26, respectively, and rice (CLUIrice) decreased by 0.07 over 15 years. However, in the long term, cultivated land with rice had a higher utilization intensity with an average of 1.54, followed by maize (1.46) and wheat (1.23), which were significantly higher than the global average CLUI (approximately 0.84). Meanwhile, crop type conversion (from wheat and corn to rice, and from corn to rice) could significantly increase CLUI. (2) CLUIall had significant spatial heterogeneity and spatial aggregation characteristics. The barycentre of high-value aggregation of CLUIall moved to the northwest, while the barycentre of low-value aggregation moved to the southwest during the study period. (3) Fertilizers, pesticides, and plastic mulch had a significant positive correlation with CLUI. Excellent natural conditions could withstand more human disturbance and had lower utilization intensity. (4) Implementing the "Storing Grain in Land and Technology" strategy and cultivated recuperation policy to solve the high utilization intensity should be a priority. Scientific cropping structure, suitable cropping system, and reasonable fossil energy input were effective means to reduce the CLUI and achieve sustainable land use. In addition, establishing CLUI monitoring networks was an effective measure to obtain CLUI dynamics in a timely manner.

Precise preparation of α-Fe2O3/SnO2 core-shell nanowires via atomic layer deposition for selective MEMS-based H2S gas sensor

Heterostructured α-Fe2O3/SnO2 core-shell nanowires (NWs) are successfully synthesized assisted with atomic layer deposition (ALD). The gas sensing properties of α-Fe2O3/SnO2 core-shell NWs with various shell thicknesses in the range of 5–28 nm are investigated. The gas sensing mechanism is fully analyzed based on both the widely accepted electron depletion model and the Debye length concept. When the shell thickness reaches ∼18 nm, the sensor of the heterostructured α-Fe2O3/SnO2 core-shell NWs exhibit high responses (Ra/Rg) of 4.3 towards 10 ppm and 1.5 towards 1 ppm H2S at 250 °C, excellent selectivity, remarkable repeatability, and long-term stability of at least 3 months, which completely exceed that of pristine α-Fe2O3 NWs. The formation of α-Fe2O3/SnO2 heterojunction contributes to the effectively enhanced performance, which is further investigated and confirmed by density functional theory calculations. In addition, the sensors are fabricated based on specially designed MEMS sensing devices, providing excellent heating conditions for sensitive nanomaterials with the merits of low power consumption and high integration.

Comparison of different doses of atracurium for quality of muscle relaxation during modified rapid sequence induction in emergency laparotomy: A prospective randomised double blind study.

In emergency and non-fasting patients posted for laparotomy under general anaesthesia, rapid sequence induction (RSI) is preferred, and it is routinely done by using succinylcholine or rocuronium. Using higher doses of atracurium [i.e. 3-4 times the 95% effective dose (ED95)] can provide acceptable intubating conditions in a short time. The primary objective of our study was to compare two different higher doses of atracurium to achieve good intubating conditions for RSI without using a priming dose. The secondary objective was to compare the duration of muscle relaxation using neuromuscular monitoring and haemodynamic responses during and after intubation. Sixty patients were enroled and randomly assigned into two groups:-, group A1 (atracurium: 0.75 mg/kg) and group A2 (atracurium: 1 mg/kg). After premedication, anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2-2.5 mg/kg and atracurium injections, followed by intubation within a minute by trained anaesthesiologists. Meanwhile, intubating conditions, neuromuscular monitoring using train-of-four (TOF) measurements and post-tetanic-count and haemodynamics were recorded. Data were analysed statistically by using the Chi-square test and Student's t-test. Excellent intubation conditions (without coughing or bucking) were attained in 56.7% of cases in group A2 and in 13.3% in group A1 (P < 0.001). Duration of muscle relaxation, measured by time until TOF is two, was more prolonged in group A2 (79.2 ± 9.2 min) than in group A1 (60.13 ± 8.7 min, P < 0.001). Acceptable intubating conditions can be achieved in a minute with the use of a high dose of atracurium (1 mg/kg) during RSI. Hence, atracurium can be used as an alternative drug for RSI.

Upaya Peningkatan Pengetahuan Tentang Makanan Dan Minuman Yang Meningkatkan Tenaga Persalinan

The success of maternal health efforts can be seen from the indicators of the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR). MMR is the number of maternal deaths during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum caused by pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum or their management. Long parturition and bleeding are very important problems that have not been resolved until now, even making a big scourge in the world of obstetrics. Where the delivery process greatly affects the quality of the baby born. Fluid and nutritional needs (eating and drinking) are physiological needs that must be met properly by the mother during the delivery process. During the labor process, mothers need stamina and excellent body condition, therefore consuming nutritious food before delivery is very important. The use of foods and beverages that can increase energy during labor must be supported by comprehensive information so that it has a beneficial effect. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct health education about food and beverages that increase the labor force in labor. The activity of providing health education about food and drink that increases the labor force was carried out in Jempong Baru Village, Sekarbela District, Mataram City, and was attended by 12 pregnant women. The results of the pretest and posttest showed that there was an increase in knowledge of pregnant women about food and drink which increased labor power

Bioactive coatings from non-conventional loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) seed starch to extend strawberries shelf-life: An antioxidant packaging

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) fruits are very perishable and display a natural quick deterioration even in excellent conditions. Starch based edible films and coatings may be introduced as an innovative way to preserve and pack such food products for extended shelf-life. These are composed of biopolymers such as underutilized by-products from food industry and polyols, forming a biodegradable, edible composite which contain bioactive components in their composition. Thus, the present study was conducted with an aim to characterize loquat seed starch based bioactive films and apply them to strawberry fruits to study the protective effect of bioactive films and coatings during storage. The glycerol loquat film (GLF) and sorbitol loquat film (SLF) had their thickness, opacity solubility, water vapor permeability (WVP), morphological properties and antioxidant activity profile assessed, while the coated strawberries were characterized in terms of visual aspect, firmness, weight loss, pH, Total Soluble Solids and Total Titratable Acidity during 16 days. Results showed that the edible coating designed with sorbitol provided a better physicochemical property, solubility and WVP behavior when compared to the GLF sample. On the other hand, the GLF were capable to maintain the antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds profiles from AS. The application of the AS coatings enhanced the storage period of the strawberry in 6 days maintaining their characteristics through the prevention of weight loss, delaying the microbial growth, pigment oxidation, prolonging the period of visual and sensorial acceptance of the fruit.

Restocking of small water bodies for a post Covid recovery and growth of fisheries and aquaculture production: Socioeconomic implications

Restocking of fish in Small Water Bodies (SWBs) is one of the technologies that can be used to enhance fish-food production for post Covid recovery and growth in food security, and national development. The current study aimed at assessing the socioeconomic impact and stock performance of restocked Nile tilapia fingerlings in SWBs in 15 counties in the Western and Central regions where the Aquaculture Business Development Programme (ABDP) is implemented. The study employed both primary and secondary data from socioeconomics, environmental characteristics and fisheries and aquaculture aspects. There was no restocked dam with a low (<1.66) socioeconomic impact, indicating the potential for restocking. The majority (n = 27; 79%) of the restocked SWBs had a moderate (1.66–2.33) impact, owing to the inherent constraints of adoptability by the local community. Twenty one percent (n = 7; 21%) of the SWBs had a high (2.34–3.00) impact and with better environmental conditions. The average condition factor (K) of tilapia in restocked SWBs was 1.24 ± 0.53 SD, suggesting excellent fish growth condition. Notably, restocking the SWBs could benefit riparian fishing communities by improving their livelihoods and providing food and nutritional security. Given the limited exploitation of fish in most SWBs in the developing countries, additional community awareness and capacity building interventions are needed to enhance optimal use of SWBs in post Covid era.

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Pancreatic Interstitial Laser Ablation Using a Cylindrical Laser Diffuser: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study.

Local ablative treatment is another option for improving outcomes and has been evaluated for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. We previously suggested endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided interstitial laser ablation using a cylindrical laser diffuser (CILA) might be a feasible therapeutic option based on experiments performed on pancreatic cancer cell lines and porcine model with a short follow-up (3 days). The aim of this study was to investigate the safety of EUS-CILA performed using optimal settings in porcine pancreas with a long-term follow-up (2 weeks). EUS-CILA (laser energy of 450 J; 5 W for 90 s) was applied to normal pancreatic tissue in porcine (n = 5) under EUS guidance. Animals were observed clinically for 2 weeks after EUS-CILA to evaluate complications. Computed tomography and laboratory tests were carried out to evaluate safety. Two weeks after EUS-CILA, all pigs were sacrificed, and histopathological safety and efficacy evaluations were conducted. EUS-CILA was technically successful in all five cases. No major complications occurred during the follow-up period. Body weight of porcine did not change during the study period without any significant change in feed intake. Animals remained in excellent condition throughout the experimental period, and laboratory tests and computed tomography (CT) scans provided no evidence of a major complication. Histopathological evaluation showed complete ablation in the ablated area with clear delineation of surrounding normal pancreatic tissue. Mean ablated volume was 55.5 mm2 × 29.0 mm and mean ablated areas in the pancreatic sections of the five pigs were not significantly different (p = 0.368). In conclusion, our experimental study suggests that EUS-CILA is safe and has the potential to be an effective local treatment modality. No major morbidity or mortality occurred during the study period. Further evaluations are warranted before clinical application.

Avalanche Coalescence of Liquid Metal Particles for Uniform Flexible and Stretchable Electrodes

AbstractSelf‐sinterable gallium‐based liquid metal (LM) ink for a handy drop‐casting coating method is developed. The fabricated LM electrode is coffee‐ring‐free and bilayer‐free, which guarantees high electrical conductivity, wettability, flexibility, and stretchability. The ink consists of Galinstan, ethanol‐water mixture, hydrochloric acid, and polyvinylpyrrolidone. The binary mixture provides excellent wetting conditions and suppresses a coffee‐ring stain from Marangoni mixing. The acid removes an oxide layer on the LM interface. The colloidal interaction forces by self‐assembled polyvinylpyrrolidone induce avalanche coalescences of the particles at the end of evaporation, which produces a thin and uniform dried conductive layer. The acid and polymer provide a bilayer‐free structure and electrification without any post sintering. The drop‐casted self‐transformed LM electrode showed excellent electrical resistance of O (0.1–1 Ω) on folding and stretching conditions. It is believed that this method can serve as flexible and stretchable electrodes, on various substances for soft robots and wearable devices, without any complicated post‐process.

ANALISIS KONDISI PERKERASAN JALAN MENURUT METODE BINA MARGA DAN METODE PCI JALAN RAYA LINTAU – PAYAKUMBUH

On the Lintau - Payakumbuh highway, which connects the two areas, which are busy with light vehicles and heavy vehicles, the road surface is damaged. In this study, the authors conducted a survey on the Lintau - Payakumbuh road, Jorong Kalumpang, Nagari Lubuak Jantan, along KM 37 - KM 39, with a road width of 4.8 m. As time goes by, there is an increase in community needs in the mobility of daily activities with an increase in the volume of vehicles, resulting in damage to the pavement on this road segment. The purpose of this study was to determine the type and level of damage to the pavement that occurred on the Lintau – Payakumbuh road, Jorong Kalumpang, Nagari Lubuak Jantan with the PCI and Bina Marga methods and provide suggestions for maintenance and repair efforts. The types of damage found included crocodile cracks, subsidence, patches, longitudinal cracks, holes. In the PCI method the value obtained is 87.3 with excellent road conditions, in the Bina Marga method the priority order value is 10.6 with a routine maintenance program. From the results of the two methods, the values and results are almost the same, namely the road conditions are still in good condition. Handling road repairs by patching potholes, leveling subsidence, patching cracks on damaged roads. Routine maintenance should be carried out on this road segment in order to provide comfort for its users, such as maintenance on the shoulder of the road, drainage channels, and making rainwater barriers to avoid damage. Keywords : Analysis of road damage, PCI, Bina Marga, Demage rate, Routine maintenance.

Wetland archaeology and the impact of climate change

Wetland archaeological sites offer excellent but vulnerable preservation conditions. This article presents examples of threats to such sites that may be enhanced, or diminished, by climate change, discusses methods for predicting and quantifying impacts, and examines what heritage managers can do to mitigate their effects. The consequences of climate change for wetland archaeological sites are likely to be severe and widespread but hard to predict and with significant local variation. At the same time, wetlands are increasingly acknowledged for their ability to sequester carbon and to mitigate climate change, prompting an increased focus on their protection that may also benefit wetland archaeology.

Identification of body size characteristic points based on the Mask R-CNN and correlation with body weight in Ujumqin sheep.

The measurements of body size data not only reflect the physical fitness, carcass structure, excellent growth condition, and developmental relationship among tissues and organs of animals but are also critical indicators to measure the growth and development of sheep. Computer vision-based body size identification is a non-contact and stress-free method. In this study, we analyzed different body size traits (height at wither, body slanting length, chest depth, chest circumference, shank circumference, hip height, shoulder width, and rump width) and the body weight of 332 Ujumqin sheep and significant correlations (P < 0.05) were obtained among all traits in Ujumqin sheep. Except for shoulder width, rump width, and shank circumference, all were positively correlated, and the effect of sex on Ujumqin sheep was highly significant. The main body size indexes affecting the body weight of rams and ewes were obtained through stepwise regression analysis of body size on body weight, in order of chest circumference, body slanting length, rump width, hip height, height at wither, and shoulder width for rams and body slanting length, chest circumference, rump width, hip height, height at wither and shoulder width for ewes. The body slanting length, chest circumference, and hip height of ewes were used to construct prediction equations for the body weight of Ujumqin sheep of different sexes. The model's prediction accuracy was 83.9% for the rams and 79.4% for ewes. Combined with a Mask R-CNN and machine vision methods, recognition models of important body size parameters of Ujumqin sheep were constructed. The prediction errors of body slanting length, height at wither, hip height, and chest circumference were ~5%, chest depth error was 9.63%, and shoulder width, rump width, and shank circumference errors were 14.95, 12.05, and 19.71%, respectively. The results show that the proposed method is effective and has great potential in precision management.

Utilization of calcium carbide slag as alternative filler in asphalt mastic: Filler characteristics, rheological and adhesion properties

Calcium carbide slag (CCS), a solid waste generated from a production process of acetylene gas, is considerably growing every year. It is necessary to expand application scope of CCS to improve its consumption. Feasibility of CCS as a substitute for natural limestone (NL) fillers and asphalt mastic properties was studied in this work. Properties of CCS powder and NL powder were characterized by laser particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and acid-base analyses. Asphalt mastic characteristics were evaluated using a viscosity test, rheological test, and adhesion test. The results show that CCS has a greater particle size than NL, yet the CCS surface is rougher, which can facilitate its bonding with asphalt. In addition, high relative intensity of calcium in CCS provides excellent conditions for application as filler. Viscosity, complex modulus (|G*|), rutting factor (|G*|/sin δ), recovery percentage (R), and bonding strength can be enhanced with an increase in CCS content. While phase angle (δ) and non-recoverable creep compliance (Jnr) decrease, indicating CCS enhanced the stiffness and elastic behavior of asphalt mastic. CCS can improve rheological properties of asphalt mastic and mastic-aggregate interface adhesion, decrease moisture sensitivity and costs of asphalt mixtures. Therefore, CCS has promising applications in asphalt pavement engineering as a substitute for NL, which contributes to environmental protection.

Vertical variation of atmospheric particulate matter under different pollution levels in the suburbs of Tianjin based on unmanned aerial vehicle

ABSTRACT An unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with an isokinetic sampling device and a portable aerosol particle size spectrometer was used to detect atmospheric particles at different altitudes in the suburbs of Tianjin. In January 2017, four flight tests under different air conditions were conducted, and the Severe polluted and Excellent levels were classified according to the air quality index of the State-controlled site. Changes in mass concentration with altitude, and the vertical distribution of mass concentration and number concentration spectrum were analyzed. Results showed that under the Severe polluted condition, the concentration of particulate matter (PM) decreased significantly within 200 m, and became stable above 400 m. Two peaks at 260 m and 400 m were observed – they were attributed to local emissions and transportation of nearby areas. When the mass concentration significantly increased, the greatest contributor was particles with a size of 15–30 μm. As altitude increased, PM with the size of less than 1 μm accounted for the largest proportion. Regarding number concentration, the main particle size was less than 0.35 μm. Under the Excellent condition, particles less than 0.35 μm in size were the most important components in mass and number concentrations. Correlation analysis of meteorological factors and backward trajectory indicated that pollution was caused by particle concentration transport in several provinces and the particle accumulation due to temperature inversion.Implications: Study on the vertical structure of air pollutants was very important for understanding the occurrence and development of regional heavy pollution. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) was an efficient method for its easy operation, good stability, high flexibility and safety, and was introduced to observe the vertical distribution characteristics of particle concentration under different weather conditions. This study provided the number concentration spectra and the mass concentration spectra at different height, and would give some support for the precise control of air pollution.

Financial Performance Analysis at PT. Borneo Olah Sarana Sukses Tbk (BOSS) Periode 2016-2020

Analyzing financial ratios helps determine whether a company's financial performance is good or not. This study aims to evaluate the financial performance of PT. Borneo Olah Sarana Sukses Tbk (BOSS) uses the ratio analysis of profitability, solvency, liquidity, and activity. The data used are financial reports for the years 2016 – 2020. This research is a comparative descriptive study by examining annual financial statements, and using financial ratio analysis. Based on the profitability ratio of PT. Borneo Olah Sarana Sukses Tbk (BOSS) is in the unprofitable category although the return on equity ratio is excellent condition, based on the liquidity ratio in the illiquid category, the solvency ratio in the non-solvable category, and the activity ratio in the poor category. So, it can be concluded that the financial performance of PT. Borneo Olah Sarana Sukses Tbk (BOSS) is in the poor category.

Improving the controlled-release effects of composite flame retardant by loading on porous attapulgite and coating

The attapulgite (ATP) is one of important raw materials of ceramics and often used as a loading carrier. To control the release rate of composite flame retardant (CFR) when exposed to a fire, and to meet the multi-stage flame retarding requirements, the vacuum negative pressure method was adopted to load four kinds of monomer flame retardants on porous ATP as a carrier after activating pretreatment, respectively. Then CFR nanoparticles with controlled-release effects were prepared by the in-situ polymerization reaction on the surface of monomer flame retardants. After that, zinc hydroxyl stannate, styrene, melamine formaldehyde resin and silicon dioxide with high thermal stability and excellent flame retarding properties were selected as the coating layer of four kinds of monomer flame retardants on ATP carrier. Test results of environmental scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer show the satisfactory loading and coating results of CFR nanoparticles. Test results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy further confirm the excellent loading conditions and coating film formation on ATP carrier. The thermogravimetry-differential thermal scanning calorimetry tests indicate that the flame retarding duration of both loaded and coated CFR nanoparticles on ATP carrier is prolonged and has a satisfactory controlled-release effect.