Excellent Companion Research Articles

Semimetal contacts to monolayer semiconductor: weak metalization as an effective mechanism to Schottky barrier lowering

Recent experiment has uncovered semimetal bismuth (Bi) as an excellent electrical contact to monolayer MoS2 with ultralow contact resistance. The contact physics of the broader semimetal/monolayer-semiconductor family beyond Bi/MoS2, however, remains largely unexplored thus far. Here we perform a comprehensive first-principle density functional theory investigation on the electrical contact properties between six archetypal two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductors, i.e. MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, WSe2, MoTe2 and WTe2, and two representative types of semimetals, Bi and antimony (Sb). As Bi and Sb work functions energetically aligns well with the TMDC conduction band edge, Ohmic or nearly-Ohmic n-type contacts are prevalent. The interlayer distance of semimetal/TMDC contacts are significantly larger than that of the metal/TMDC counterparts, which results in only weak metalization of TMDC upon contact formation. Intriguingly, such weak metalization generates semimetal-induced gap states (SMIGSs) that extends below the conduction band minimum, thus offering an effective mechanism to reduce or eliminate the n-type Schottky barrier height (SBH) while still preserving the electronic structures of 2D TMDC. A modified Schottky–Mott rule that takes into account SMIGS, interface dipole potential, and Fermi level shifting is proposed, which provides an improved agreement with the density functional theory-simulated SBH. We further show that the tunneling-specific resistivity of Sb/TMDC contacts are generally lower than the Bi counterparts, thus indicating a better charge injection efficiency can be achieved through Sb contacts. Our findings reveal the promising potential of Bi and Sb as excellent companion electrode materials for advancing 2D semiconductor device technology.

Jesus Loves Japan: Return Migration and Global Pentecostalism in a Brazilian Diaspora, by Suma Ikeuchi

How do returning migrants relate do their ancestral culture? What are the cross-cultural and interreligious negotiations that occur? How do they make meaning of their in-between state in a new land? What happens when global Pentecostalism encounters a predominantly Buddhist and Shinto society? What role does religion, or more specifically Christianity, play in meaning-making and generating purpose in the lives of these returnees in a seemingly “foreign” and hostile land?In her seminal work, Jesus Loves Japan: Return Migration and Global Pentecostalism in a Brazilian Diaspora, Suma Ikeuchi (University of California, Santa Barbara) attempts to answer similar questions by looking at the day-to-day experience of a Brazilian Pentecostal community in Japan. This work is an ethnographic tour de force but also comprises a beautiful narrative of Nikkei (second-generation) Pentecostal resilience, hope, and integration in a familiar yet strange land.As a result of her personal encounter with world Pentecostalism, Ikeuchi takes us along her own journey of self-discovery, introducing readers to her experience living among Nikkei Brazilian immigrants navigating the two Js—Jesus and Japan—in the Brazilian Pentecostal Church of Missão Apoio Toyota (182). Her ethnographic and phenomenological study investigates their daily lives through such experiences as coffees, dinners, baby showers, birthday parties, soccer viewing gatherings, and funerals (28).The results are quietly impressive. Her overarching thesis is that Pentecostalism’s language of spiritual conversion embodied in the “born again” experience gives believers a sense of “transnational transcendence” in which they are now “members of ‘the culture of love’ which ostensibly overcomes narrow ethnonational affiliations” (183).In the first part, Ikeuchi describes the experience of Brazilian return migrants suspending their erstwhile Japanese identity. Returning to their ancestral homeland of Japan on the Nikkei-jin visa, these return migrants, or Nikkei, experience the phenomenon of “afastamento,” a “distancing” or feeling of disenchantment with the “ethnic aura” or “great pride of the Japanese race” (38). Ikeuchi masterfully shows how this plays out in the Nikkei encounter with typical Japanese customs such as Obentō and Shūdan Tōkō, and even the menial task of garbage disposal (66, 73).The second part shows how the church functions as a means of renewal for the Nikkei sense of meaning and identity in a foreign land. Ikeuchi shows how prayer, sermons, testimonies, and Bible studies allow believers to experience a “break” from the “temporal suffocation” of Japanese work life (91). This helps them produce a “culture of love” and “create a new sense of citizenship” in a land that formerly appeared hostile but now has more potential to be Christian “than their former land (Brazil)” (108). Ikeuchi introduces the valuable category of love, which goes beyond simplistic reductionist attempts to reduce conversion experience to mere causal materialist processes.The third section explores how this renewed sense of identity in Christ offered by Pentecostalism affects the intercultural exchanges between Nikkei and Pentecostal identities. Ikeuchi argues that even though Nikkeis occupy a contested space in Japanese society, their view of Christian “kinship” enables them to overcome the sense of inferiority and distancing they experience in a society grounded on notions of “Japanese blood” (122).In her conclusion, Ikeuchi notes that this renewed sense of identity allows Nikkeis to reconceptualize the meaning of return migration. Nikkei Pentecostals see themselves as pilgrims hoping for their true “spiritual” homeland. Nostalgia for Brazil is replaced with spiritual vocation for Japan. The tensions of transnational mobility and contested citizenship give way to the hope that they have a special calling. After all, “Jesus ama o Japão” (186).In sum, Jesus Loves Japan is a heartwarming but nevertheless rigorous scientific study that captures the struggles, pains, faith, hopes, desires, and love of Nikkei Pentecostals. It also serves as an excellent companion to others like Christina Moreira da Rocha’s Zen Buddhism in Brazil: Japanese or Brazilian? It contributes to Pentecostal studies by showing the diffusion of Pentecostalism in a predominantly Buddhist and Shinto culture. For East Asian studies, it sheds light on minority and unrepresented voices. Suma Ikeuchi introduces readers to a world where faith, hope, and love help migrant community members reimagine their identities in order to survive in a difficult environment.

A Mini-Review Regarding the Clinical Outcomes of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Following Pre-Implantation Genetic Testing (PGT)-Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Approach

Background: PGT-based NGS revolutionized the field of reproductive medicine, becoming an integrated component within current assisted reproductive technology (ART) protocols. Methods: We searched the literature published in the last half a decade in four databases (PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, ScienceDirect, and Scopus) between 2018 and 2022. Results: A total of 1388 articles were filtered, from which 60 met, initially, the eligibility criteria, but only 42 were included (≥100 patients/couples—62,465 patients and 6628 couples in total) in the present mini-review. In total, forty-two (70.0%) reported reproductive outcomes, while eighteen (30.0%) had distinct objectives. Furthermore, n = 1, 1.66% of the studies focused on PGT, n = 1, 1.66% on pre-implantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M), n = 3, 5.0% on pre-implantation genetic testing for structural rearrangements (PGT-SR) and n = 55, 91.66% on pre-implantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A). Conclusions: PGT using NGS proved to be an excellent companion that folds within the current ascending tendency among couples that require specialty care. We strongly encourage future studies to provide a systematic overview expanded at a larger scale on the role of the PGT-NGS.

Women Surviving Apartheid's Prisons by Shanthini Naidoo

Reviewed by: Women Surviving Apartheid's Prisons by Shanthini Naidoo Yoly Zentella Naidoo, Shanthini. Women Surviving Apartheid's Prisons. Washington, DC: Just World Books, 2021. Women Surviving Apartheid's Prisons honors the women who survived imprisonment during the movement to end South African apartheid. It recognizes women as dedicated freedom fighters playing key roles of leadership in the struggle, and a documentation of herstories from which, in much of the literature, save for narratives on legendary figures like Winnie Madikizela Mandela and Miriam Makeba, women are absent. It also sheds light on prisons as a space for political struggle. [End Page 220] Naidoo's style of writing, easy flowing but penetrating, makes the book suitable for the average reader. It is an invaluable teaching tool at the university level among the disciplines of history, ethnic studies, South African studies, women's studies, and mental health. Readers interested in the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the aftermath of apartheid will also find this book an excellent companion to Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela's A Human Being Died That Night: A South African Woman Confronts the Legacy of Apartheid (2003) and Antjie Krog's Country of My Skull: Guilt, Sorrow, and the Limits of Forgiveness in the New South Africa (1998). It is also suitable reading for high school classes on social justice and anti-apartheid activists. The author, Shanthini Naidoo experienced the tail end of apartheid as a youth. Later, while studying for a master's degree in journalism, her reporting on the of death and funeral of Winnie Mandela in 2018 motivated her to seek out the six women incarcerated with Mandela, defendants in the less-well-known Trial of Twenty-Two in 1969. Her first book, Women in Solidarity: Inside the Female Resistance to Apartheid (2020), which was published in South Africa, was the product of subsequent conversations with the four remaining survivors. That book was subsequently published in the United States, which is the title under review. Women Surviving Apartheid's Prisons is an emotionally difficult journey for the reader, yet the underlying theme of the universal desire for freedom and human rights made possible by activists makes this a necessary read. The book's twelve chapters pivot around chapter 3, "The Trial." In 1969 South Africa's government arrested twenty-two activists—fifteen men and seven women—and accused them of terrorism, and twenty-one charges were levied under the Suppression of Communism Act. The arrests appeared orchestrated to break the anti-apartheid movement and the African National Congress (ANC). Despite brutal torture, solitary confinement, and threats of violence toward their families, the seven women refused to testify against their comrades and the prosecution crumbled. The twenty-two were released in the fall of 1970. While covering the death of Winnie Mandela, Naidoo sought to learn more about the women who survived imprisonment. Chapters 4–7 focus on the four survivors: journalist Joyce Sikhakhane-Rankin, trade unionists Shanthie Naidoo and Rita Ndzanga, and activist Nondwe Mankahla. Deeply troubling is the brutality that emerges from the interviews, the survivors' unresolved trauma resurfacing as raw, open wounds passed on to younger generations, and reflected [End Page 221] in South African society today. Intricately connected to these sections is chapter 12, addressing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Of focus is the lack of specificity in documenting gender-based violence against women, instead characterizing such brutality as "serious ill treatment" (175). This flaw is critical, as violence against Black women under apartheid continues in other forms and contexts in postapartheid South Africa, described as parallel to entanglement in the cycle of poverty, lack of resources, economic instability, and unhealed trauma. An open-air prison. The book's strengths are in the author's interaction with the reader, sharing her thoughts and emotional responses as a journalist during the time of Winnie's death, and in her desire to explore unspoken events surrounding the imprisoned women, Winnie's comrades. Naidoo's approach to the survivor's experiences and the impact of the barbarity of apartheid, during and after, makes for an informed, compassionate journalism that can be extended to other populations presently under siege. Journalism can expose injustice, acknowledge its occurrence, and motivate...

The Ever After Life of the Brothers Grimm Fairy Tales by Martha Ann Brueggeman

Reviewed by: The Ever After Life of the Brothers Grimm Fairy Tales by Martha Ann Brueggeman John E. Priegnitz II (bio) The Ever After Life of the Brothers Grimm Fairy Tales. By Martha Ann Brueggeman, Book Baby, 2020, 264 pp. Martha Ann Brueggeman's The Ever After Life of the Brothers Grimm Fairy Tales is a labor of love, and it shows. The book is written in such a way that it is accessible to a casual reader while also doubling as a textbook for a variety of courses. The Ever After Life is difficult to fit into a singular category. Is the book a study on literature? Art history? Children's literature? Cultural studies? The answer is yes, and more. However, this by no means diminishes the quality or importance of the work. Unlike a Cheesecake Factory menu where the diner is left confused and lost, Brueggeman's book is firmly grounded on a singular subject. The Brothers Grimm have after all infiltrated nearly every aspect of artistic expression known to Western society and beyond. Therefore, it stands to reason that Brueggeman felt it was important to succinctly make the case that the Brothers Grimm fairy tales remain relevant and pervasive in the twenty-first century in 264 pages. Interestingly, Brueggeman's background is in education, not folklore or literary studies. This furthers the case that the Brothers Grimm fairy tales do not neatly fit within a singular category. This book is no different, and while it is not a "scholarly study" of the Grimms, it will make an excellent classroom companion. Divided into ten chapters, The Ever After Life spans a variety of topics from literature studies, art, and history to postmodernism. The book becomes a versatile textbook that may be used within a variety of classrooms. It will be of interest to high school teachers for use in their junior and senior creative writing, humanities, and/or AP English classes. It could also be used in a college setting. As a folklorist, I can see myself using this book in either an introduction to folklore studies and/or a folk narrative course for undergraduates, as it has a useful catalog of translations and variations of Grimms tales and makes a compelling case that these stories remain relevant today. My favorite chapter was 2, "Anthologies New and Old." Brueggeman has provided the reader and researcher a useful list of anthologies and translations of the Brothers Grimm Fairy Tales. This list may be used to supplement not only the content of the book by providing clearer context, but it will also make the curriculum more robust if it is being taught inside the classroom. [End Page 343] While the book is conveniently divided into ten chapters for easier consumption of the material, Brueggeman concludes each chapter with a summary as well as a short paragraph detailing her personal favorites on what the chapter had covered. It is a quirky personal touch that I have not seen in other books. However, the "Favorites" section caused me as the reader to pause and think about what my favorite takeaway was from the chapter that I read. Brueggeman including her favorites at the end of each chapter acts as a meditative device causing the reader to think about what they liked best, and why. This also can be used as a classroom tool for educators looking for a creative and meaningful writing prompt to assign their students. I would not be doing The Ever After Life justice if I do not discuss the beautiful artwork found within it. The book has full color illustrations throughout, which is excellent for the reader to better conceptualize the subject being read. Each chapter also begins with a unique contemporary illustration by Nathan Ruff that is Brothers Grimm themed and tied to the overall theme of the chapter. Brueggeman encourages the reader to take the time to read the explanation of each design on the following page. Much like how the "Favorites" section can be used as a meditative device and/or a launchpad for a writing prompt, the same can and should be done with the Nathan Ruff illustrations. They are enchanting. At the heart...

Chronic Pain Management

The management of various chronic pain conditions poses a significant challenge for providers of all specialties, particularly in the era of the opioid epidemic. Education on pain management, however, is often lacking in medical schools. This omission may prove disastrous in the current social climate. Recent literature concludes that trainees are not comfortable in managing chronic pain patients and demonstrates that even first-year medical students have formed negative attitudes toward patients with chronic pain in early clinical rotations.1 The task of reading a comprehensive textbook on pain management to supplement understanding of such a crucial topic may be daunting to a trainee or medical student with limited time. Pocket review books are invaluable to this group, and many highly rated pocket review books exist for a variety of subspecialties including anesthesiology and surgery.Chronic Pain Management, by Thanthullu Vasu, Shyam Balasubramanian, Mahesh Kodivalasa, and Pradeep Mukund Ingle, is an excellent choice for medical students or trainees on a pain management rotation, practitioners in primary care or internal medicine looking to further their knowledge of chronic pain management, or postmatch residents looking for prereading before starting a pain management fellowship. The book is 318 pages long and is split into 55 succinct chapters, none of which exceeds 10 pages in length. This makes for a particularly time-efficient read; a short 20-minute reading session may allow readers to cover a few chapters. The ability of the authors to condense pertinent material, even that which pertains to complex topics such as the physiology of pain in Chapter 3, is very impressive. The first half of the book is devoted to characterization of pain including that of the International Association for the Study of Pain, outlining pain assessment tools, and discussion of the presentation, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of various painful conditions. The second half details all of the pieces of a multimodal analgesic plan, including injection therapy, pharmacologic options, and noninterventional techniques such as physical therapy and complementary medicine. Unique to this book is a brief chapter on management of chronic pain in the current COVID-19 pandemic.This book will make an excellent companion for a medical student or resident on a chronic pain management rotation or as a primer before pain management fellowship. The authors recommend this book as a study resource for competitive examinations such as the American Board of Anesthesiology subspecialty examination in pain. I believe that this book is not a sufficient stand-alone resource in studying for such an examination, or as a sole resource in preparing for clinical practice. The chapter on radiofrequency ablation is limited to just over two pages and certainly is not comprehensive. It only pertains to lumbar medial branch radiofrequency ablation and does not cover water-cooled radiofrequency or cryoablation. A discussion of the evidence for lumbar radiofrequency ablation, a comparison between various types of ablation methods, the applicability of radiofrequency ablation to other painful conditions beyond lumbar facet arthropathy, and a more complete explanation of the physics involved in radiofrequency would be very helpful to a nascent pain management physician. Expansion of certain topics such as pain management in pregnant patients and in children (which is combined in Chapter 42, Pain Management in Special Populations) would be useful in board examination preparation as well as clinical practice.Overall, I am delighted to endorse this review book to anyone hoping to gain a better understanding of chronic pain management. It is well written, easy to follow, and promises to be an efficient read. My hope and belief is that those who read this book will gain a better overall view of pain management and what providers in this specialty have to offer, as well as some solid background on the management of chronic pain in the outpatient and inpatient settings. Hopefully, this book will allow practitioners to fill in knowledge gaps in education and feel more confident in managing patients with chronic pain.

Real Power Loss Reduction by Blue Noddy and European Night Crawler Optimization Algorithms

In this paper Blue noddy optimization (BNO) algorithm and European Night crawler optimization (ENO) algorithm are applied to solve the power loss reduction problem. Exodus and Preying behaviour of the Blue noddy has been imitated to formulate the algorithm. In the mathematical formulation of Exodus deed - collusion between the Blue noddy has been avoided and blue noddy will converge in the direction of most excellent companion. Position update of the Blue noddy is based on the most excellent explore agent. Preying behaviour is based on the line and angle of preying. Logically the angle, velocity will be transformed by the Blue noddy and it will do spiral act in the air to seizure the prey. Exploration and Exploitation is augmented through the Exodus and preying behaviour. In ENO algorithm reproduction nature of the European Night crawler is imitated to design the algorithm. European Night crawler population is created through the off-springs with two different kinds of reproduction. The dimension of the adolescent European Night crawler is alike to the parent. In the method Cross over operation has been implemented by considering the parent European Night crawler and Cauchy mutation has been included in order to elude the solution to be trapped under local optima. With and without L –index proposed BNO and ENO algorithms are verified in IEEE 30 Bus system. Active power loss reduction has been achieved with L-index improvement and voltage deviation minimized.

A Most Splendid Company: The Coronado Expedition in Global Perspective

This remarkable volume marks the culmination of more than three decades of research tracing Francisco Vázquez de Coronado’s expedition to Tierra Nueva. Richard Flint and Shirley Cushing Flint demonstrate in painstaking detail precisely how a massive land-based enterprise with hundreds of Spaniards and thousands of Native allies made a round trip journey of nearly four thousand miles between 1539 and 1542. The Flints reveal that the main objective of the expedition was to reach Asia to obtain luxury goods. Indeed, the wealthiest European participants brought their finest attire to display their “personal status and group membership with pomp and pride” (155). Native warriors adorned themselves with elaborate headdresses and “eagle and jaguar body suits” for similar reasons (170). Yet Asia remained out of reach for most of those who participated in the expedition. After word spread that Tierra Nueva was “far, far away from China,” Spanish conquistadores neglected to return to New Mexico for nearly another forty years (305).In contrast, Native allies such as the Nahua elected to live among the Ashiwi (252) and the other “pueblos of Cíbola” (208). Native leaders pursued their own agendas in a parallel rather than subordinate hierarchy to Coronado and his officers. Similarly, allegiance among lower-ranking Natives “was first and foremost to their own leaders and communities” and only indirectly “to the hierarchy of Spanish governance, culminating in the viceroy, don Antonio de Mendoza” (138). A close reading enables the Flints to suggest that Native auxiliaries may have viewed the expedition as a way to engage in battle and secure social advancement (130).In the main, the expedition relied on Native arms, Native translators, and Native guides. Having located a muster roll prepared at Compostela in February 1540, the Flints reveal that “of the 286 men listed, 260 (or 90 percent)” declared that they had Native arms and armor either solely or in addition to European equipment (168). The overwhelming reliance on Indigenous arms and knowledge induced much anxiety among Spaniards, who “alternated between uncritical acceptance of information and direction provided by local Natives and apprehensive distrust of proffered guidance”; this eventually led to the notorious execution of the Indian guide known as El Turco (211).Because of the biases inherent in colonial primary sources, the Flints can make only brief references to the subalterns who made up a significant part of the expedition. The ethnocentrism of Spanish conquistadores meant that women and slaves typically were disregarded unless they performed some remarkable feat. Nonetheless, the Flints astutely infer that the tortilleras, meaning Native women who made tortillas by the thousands each day, literally “made the expedition possible” (201). Moreover, the Flints note that a large portion of the expedition included enslaved “Moors/Muslims from North Africa” (201).Another key point is that Antonio de Mendoza, rather than Coronado, was the mastermind of the expedition. Initially, Mendoza had been captivated by fray Marcos de Niza’s reports of Cíbola, which allegedly comprised “seven very great ciudades” (84). However, Mendoza had learned a valuable lesson from the infighting that splintered the Pizarros’ ventures in Peru. Consequently, Mendoza enlisted an inner circle of some three hundred men who had close personal ties to him or to one of his loyal associates (135). Mendoza’s strategy explains in large part why so much documentation exists for an expedition that failed to achieve its main objective.In addition to this superb monograph, the Flints have also provided an excellent companion database at coronado.unm.edu. Undoubtedly, scholars and students of colonial Mexico and the Southwest will continue to reap the benefits of the Flints’ solid research for decades to come.

Approaches to Teaching the Works of Miguel de Unamuno ed. by Luis Álvarez-Castro

Reviewed by: Approaches to Teaching the Works of Miguel de Unamuno ed. by Luis Álvarez-Castro Linda Bartlett Álvarez-Castro, Luis, editor. Approaches to Teaching the Works of Miguel de Unamuno. The Modern Language Association of America, 2020, pp. 247. ISBN 978-1-60329-442-3. The articles contained in this book are diverse in scope, yet share a unifying purpose: that of providing practical pedagogical strategies for teaching the work of Miguel de Unamuno to undergraduates across various disciplines and course levels. Approaches to Teaching the Works of Miguel de Unamuno’s content and organization reflect both the breadth of its project and the range of its target audience. Professional Hispanists and other teachers and scholars deeply familiar with Unamuno’s work will find a great deal here that is useful, including the incisive analysis of specific texts and the succinct synthesis of relevant scholarly literature. Those less well-acquainted with the author and his vast body of work will appreciate the care that is given to contextualize Unamuno’s life and writings, as well as the general accessibility of the volume’s content (which includes English translations of all quotes and titles). The book’s first section, “Materials,” includes a variety of resources, such as a concise, yet thorough, summary of available editions of Unamuno’s work (including those in translation) and an extremely valuable review of the most prominent extant scholarship on his life and work. Wisely, the editor limits this survey to book-length treatments of Unamuno and his texts; the “Works Cited” in the back of the book is an excellent companion resource. The “Materials” section also includes a helpful segment on digital and audiovisual resources, including two recent films on Unamuno. “Approaches,” the second and most substantial part of the book, is organized according to four distinct instructional contexts: those emphasizing historical texts, those examining literary objects, those focusing on philosophical/religious inquiry, and the foreign language classroom. The brief introduction to this section effectively orients the reader to the material to follow. The first section in “Approaches,” “Teaching Unamuno,” consists of three articles, which are appropriately broad in scope: “Unamuno for the Twenty-First Century,” by Gonzalo Navajas; “Teaching Unamuno in Seven Contexts,” by Nelson R. Orringer, and “Teaching the Multifaceted Unamuno in a Semester-Long Undergraduate Course,” by Leslie J. Harkema. The seven chapters in the next unit, “Literary and Historical Milieu,” meaningfully situate Unamuno in his historical and literary context. These address an array of diverse topics, as the titles indicate: “Toward a Twentieth-Century Modernity: Unamuno’s Paz en la guerra” (Salvador Oropesa); “Dressing Up Unamuno’s Naked Theater: Contextualizing Unamuno’s Drama in the Classroom” (Tracie Amend); “Teaching Unamuno’s Poetry: Romanticism and Modernity” (Stephen J. Summerhill); “Unamuno, an Iberian Thinker: Portuguese Culture and Travel Literature in Por tierras de Portugal y España” (Juan Francisco Maura); “Unamuno’s Niebla: A Lesson in Paradox, Adaptation, and Innovation” (Edward H. Friedman); “The Perversion of Genius: Unamuno’s Exile and the Censors” (Ana Urrutia-Jordana); and “Unamuno’s Press Articles: The Badge of Identity of the Unamunian Intellectual” (Stephen G. H. Roberts). The nine entries in the “Critical and Theoretical Approaches” section focus almost exclusively on Unamuno’s novels: “The Pathos of the Hero in Unamuno” (Francisco LaRubia-Prado); “Of Love and Power: Teaching Unamuno’s Amor y pedagogía to Undergraduates outside the Literary Major” (Mark J. Mascia); “Trains, Time, and Technology: Teaching “Mecanópolis through Mobility and Science Fiction Studies” (Benjamin Fraser); “Unamuno’s Metafiction: Niebla as a Deviation from Convention” (Craig N. Bergeson); “Teaching Unamuno’s Novels: Confrontation and Existence” (Juan Herrero-Senés); “Abel Sánchez; or, The Reader’s Personality as Textual Assemblage” (Thomas R. Franz); “Teaching Cómo se hace una novela and Its Legacy in Contemporary Spanish Autofictions” (Cristina Carrasco); “San Manuel Bueno, mártir, as Literary Artifact” (Brian Cope); and “Teaching Miguel Picazo’s La tía Tula to College Students in the United States” (Diana Roxana Jorza). The six chapters in the subsequent part, “Comparative Literature, Philosophy, and Religion Classrooms,” present interdisciplinary approaches to teaching Unamuno beyond the Spanish [End Page 505] classroom. Contributions to this section include: C. A. Longhurst, “Belief...

Space: A History ed. by Andrew Janiak

Reviewed by: Space: A History ed. by Andrew Janiak Marius Stan Andrew Janiak, editor. Space: A History. Oxford Philosophical Concepts. Series editor, Christia Mercer. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. Pp. xiii + 351. Paper, $24.95. This is a book with a purpose: it aims to chronicle the life of a concept (space) from its birth in ancient Greece to its growth into centrality for early modern metaphysics, and its end with Kant, after whom classical space got displaced to a marginal position. The volume is commendable for its good balance of broad scope, depth of insight, and careful exposition. Its chapters impressively combine analytic sharpness with sensitivity to historical context and philological nuance. Moreover, the gender balance among contributors is admirably even. [End Page 343] Barbara Sattler lucidly teaches us how the Greeks juggled a number of related ideas (roughly corresponding to our notions of place, region, position, and interval) yet without arriving at a concept of space qua global carrier of metric structure. Marije Martijn gives a novel account of Proclus's elusive notions, imagination and intelligible matter. That greatly helps us see his enormous influence on posterity. He anticipated strikingly key parts in the space doctrines of Descartes, Newton, and Kant; and his kinematic foundations for geometry overlap much with the analogous views of Hobbes and Kant, who also thought that geometric figures are generated by the motion of points and lines. Medieval doctrines of place and void span some twelve centuries, and presenting them usefully in one chapter would be hopeless. Edith Dudley Sylla wisely restricts her focus to Nicole Oresme and his milieu, but her account teaches a broader lesson. As they grappled with Aristotle's physics, fourteenth-century figures produced doctrines that anticipate visibly the early moderns' absolutism and relationism; strikingly, medieval distinctions and heuristics formed the background to debates about space and place well into the Leibniz-Clarke correspondence. And yet, as Andrew Janiak points out in his chapter, from Plato to Suarez, the concept of space remained marginal; that began to change with Cartesian science. Experiments suggesting that vacua might exist; efforts to rethink the nature of geometry; and a new science of motion that (by the Law of Inertia) appealed to preferred directions in space—all these developments conspired to make space-concepts explanatorily fundamental, and central to theoretical philosophy: "thinkers such as Leibniz and Newton begin to treat space and its structure as worthy of philosophical analysis in a new way" (247). Before Einstein, cognitive access to space was by two channels: geometry and vision. The latter posed serious challenges. It required theorists to reconcile two things: a metaphysics of how material facts (about the size, shape, and distance of things) make cognitive contact with an immaterial mind; and an epistemology of the mysterious inferential processes whereby the mind passes from two-dimensional evidence (patterns on a screen-like retina) to knowledge of three-dimensional spatial relations. Many took these challenges on between Euclid and Berkeley; thus, explaining them well is far from easy. Gary Hatfield does it with admirable skill: he presents the very indispensable elements and key historical junctures in the long quest for a coherent theory of vision. Kant saw himself as the last early modern—the one who moved past difficult dilemmas by a third, better way. Michael Friedman's chapter vindicates that image. He gives a sharp reading of Kant's difficult thought that his doctrine of space fares better than Leibniz's or Newton's, and a quite novel account of God's relation to space (another early modern conundrum). Also difficult, though not for Friedman, was Kant's claim that space does not obtain for the things-in-themselves. This volume will make an excellent companion textbook to a number of courses, especially surveys of the major periods in the history of philosophy, and introductions to the philosophy of space and time. It has two other virtues beyond its pedagogical merits. First, by spanning two millennia of doctrines, it shows nicely how metaphysical reflection feeds off of sources as diverse as basic physics, natural theology, and the physiology of vision—which in turn gave epistemology a chance to reflect on how we reconcile such...

70 Hebrew Words Every Christian Should Know

70 Hebrew Words Every Christian Should Know

Top-Down Proteomics Applied to Human Cerebrospinal Fluid.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the fluid of choice to study pathologies and disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). Its composition, especially its proteins and peptides, holds the promise that it may reflect the pathological state of an individual. Traditionally, proteins and peptides in CSF have been analyzed using bottom-up proteomics technologies in the search of high proteome coverage. However, the limited protein sequence coverage of this technology means that information regarding post-translational modifications (PTMs) and alternative splice variants is lost. As an alternative technology, top-down proteomics offers low to medium proteome coverage, but high protein coverage enabling almost a full characterization of the proteins' primary structure. This allows us to precisely identify distinct molecular forms of proteins (proteoforms) as well as naturally occurring bioactive peptide fragments, which could be of critical biological relevance and would otherwise remain undetected with a classical proteomics approach.Here, we describe various strategies including sample preparation protocols, off-line intact protein prefractionation, and LC-MS/MS methods together with data analysis pipelines to analyze cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by top-down proteomics. However, there is not a unique or standardized method and the selection of the top-down strategy will depend on the exact goal of the study. Here, we describe various top-down proteomics methods that enable rapid protein characterization and may be an excellent companion analytical workflow in the search for new protein biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases.

Wyman, Alina The Gift of Active Empathy: Scheler, Bakhtin, and Dostoevsky (review)

SEER, 96, 2, APRIL 2018 340 Academy, Dmitry Grigorovich. If Dostoevskii does not emerge as a likeable character (this much we already knew; his elder brother Mikhail by contrast comes across as a saint), then the rounded and fair-minded picture we are given at least makes him more understandable. There is no attempt to hide Dostoevskii’s frankly unpleasant traits or behaviour, but we also see the pressures he was under, the understanding of his own talent and struggles to realize it, and the tensions between uncontrollable vanity and self-doubt that are more than a little reminiscent of Mr Goliadkin and his double, on whose story Dostoevskii was also working in this period. Marullo’s selection is very revealing of Dostoevskii’s creative process and his personality. Subsequent volumes covering the rest of the author’s life will make excellent companion pieces to existing, more traditional, biographies, and are to be eagerly anticipated. UCL SSEES Sarah J. Young Wyman, Alina. The Gift of Active Empathy: Scheler, Bakhtin, and Dostoevsky. Studies in Russian Literature and Theory. Northwestern University Press, Evanston, IL, 2016. xiv + 323 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $39.95 (paperback). Bakhtin’s book on Dostoevskii was attacked as ‘idealist’ by its first Marxist reviewers in 1929. Ever since, its dazzling but not watertight case for polyphony and the dialogic word has prompted philosophically equipped critics to offer correctives. Alina Wyman is among the best. Her method is to use the younger Bakhtin to improve upon the older, with the help of the German phenomenologist Max Scheler, whose work on sympathy Bakhtin admired. Add a Schelerian supplement, Wyman suggests, and Bakhtin’s early Kantian ruminations on self-other relations — where my ‘I’ is dutybound to consummate yours — can be made compatible with his Dostoevskii study, which promotes radical incompleteness and shared being. Bakhtin on Dostoevskii is problematic. On the level of character, a constant privileging of the other in dialogue and the ‘coexistence-and-interaction’ mandate in polyphony ignore a hero’s growth over time and discourage cultivation of a private zone. On the level of novelistic construction, the leveling effects of dialogue and polyphony obscure Dostoevskii’s hierarchy of values. But balance can be restored if we revive Bakhtin’s early concept of vzhivanie or ‘live entering’: the ‘active empathy’ of the title. This is not Nietzsche’s despised pity, reactive and duplicative. ‘Active’ here means morally potent. The empathizer does not collapse into the other’s pain. Rather, my ‘I’ briefly steps in to your space (the mechanism here is unclear), our horizons momentarily coincide REVIEWS 341 and are mutually enriched, after which we return to our separate selves. Such compassionate, temporary consummation of ‘I’ and ‘other’ is never a finalization, never a fusion, always a possible way out. To be properly understood, Wyman contends, Dostoevskii’s positive heroes need both Bakhtin and Scheler. Scheler’s model permits a self to retain a private ‘surplus’, its own ‘individual ineffable’, which gives it the dignity, traction for change, and trust in the wholeness of its own embodied image that Bakhtin withholds. To presume unfinalizability or full open access in human encounters is not an unalloyed good. In pursuit of optimal mutual incarnation in Dostoevskii, Wyman organizes her study in three sections. The introduction and first two chapters lay out the fragile, fraught task of empathy, the intuiting of another’s consciousness. Chapters four to six are microreadings of actively empathetic moments in three masterworks: House of the Dead, The Idiot and Brothers Karamazov. The prison quasi-memoir is partially successful (but mostly in retrospect). The Idiot is largely a failure (Myshkin’s fusing with the sufferer makes matters worse). Alesha Karamazov is a victory. Alesha knows his own mind, acts on it, can be sorrowful when humiliated but is not insulted, and thus manages to consummate others but not finalize them, making him everyone’s favoured ‘uniquely competent friend’ (p. 215). Bridging these two sections is chapter three, a dark digression on anti-empathy in the Underground through Scheler’s concept of resentment. When, out of a misguided quest for freedom, the Underground Man refuses to incarnate himself, an impotent unfinalizable fury sets in, and forever. Sixty pages...

When Fish Were Fish

When Fish Were Fish Christopher Rea (bio) Hans-Georg Moeller and Paul J. D'Ambrosio. Genuine Pretending: On the Philosophy of the Zhuangzi. New York: Columbia University Press, 2017. x, 221 pp. Paperback $35.00, isbn 978-0-231-18399-4. Back in the day, men were men, women were women, and fish were fish. You hunt, I gather, they play. If your father was a butcher or a carpenter, you inherited the role and accepted it without question. The modern age supposedly ushered in new freedoms, chief among them the right to choose one's destiny. Yet the liberated person soon encountered a new tyranny: now you have to do the dishes willingly, so as to show that you are no mere slave to the role but rather a free and self-directed individual. To grumble about chores is to betray the modern imperative to find fulfillment and self-actualization in everything one does. One wonders what Zhuangzi's spouse (if any) would make of his signature work, especially if he was the sort who left dirty dishes in the sink. Going with the flow, or being wu-wei, is easily caricatured as the habitus of the procrastinator or the privilege of those who have someone to clean up after them. The parables of the Zhuangzi raise questions about, among other things, the value of knowing versus doing and of consciousness versus action. Taking the broad view, as the Zhuangzi repeatedly enjoins us to do, can surely help one chill out about career disappointments or a siege going badly. But making sure that you've washed those Kun roe out of the bowl after dinner will do a lot more than embracing cosmic tranquility to save your family from food poisoning. Zhuangzi (and his ghost-writers—but let's set aside the question of authorship) has always come across as a great guy with whom to share a glass of ale and freewheeling conversation under a shady tree on a summer day. He'd be a swell neighbor in one's retirement complex, an excellent companion for a regular seaside ramble. He's perhaps lower on the list of candidates for general contractor or military commander or babysitter. The Confucian pragmatist in us, concerned with getting the family or kingdom to function, might well wonder about Zhuangzi: Could he carve up in the kitchen as well [End Page 1] as Butcher Ding? Would he pay his employees or troops (or condo fees) on time? I still don't know, even having re-read the Zhuangzi and now read Genuine Pretending: On the Philosophy of the Zhuangzi. But I sure learned a lot more about the classical philosophical work from Hans-Georg Moeller and Paul J. D'Ambrosio's thought-provoking and insightful book, which joins other recent studies such as Liu Jianmei's Zhuangzi and Modern Chinese Literature (2016) and Haun Saussy's Translation as Citation: Zhuangzi Inside Out (2017). Genuine Pretending is a model coauthored work, a collaboration by a teacher and a former student, which achieves admirable consistency of voice, tone, and scholarship. I found the authors generous in their use of the work of other scholars: they give credit where due and are clear and respectful on points of disagreement. It is a book that draws even the lay reader into the contemporary field of philosophy, its discourse being rarely obscure and never condescending. (In this, it confounds the finding of Michèle Lamont's sociological study, How Professors Think [2010], that philosophy professors believe members of all other disciplines to be unqualified to evaluate philosophers' work.) This book will get you thinking about how to live your life, while getting you caught up on (and in) scholarly conversations about Daoism, especially as related to concepts such as sincerity, authenticity, and genuineness. I will leave it to other reviewers to evaluate Moeller and D'Ambrosio's contributions to scholarship on pre-Qin philosophy or the validity of their frequent comparisons to European continental philosophers such as Hegel and Wittgenstein. Suffice to say that they enumerate their points with clarity, and I predict that Genuine Pretending will be engaging and comprehensible even for students in introductory courses...

Engendering Responsibility and Citizenship in War

Engendering Responsibility and Citizenship in War John Worsencroft (bio) After War: The Weight of Life at Walter Reed. By Zoë H. Wool. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2015. xx + 244 pages. $89.95 (cloth). $24.95 (paper). Making War at Fort Hood: Life and Uncertainty in a Military Community. By Kenneth T. MacLeish. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2013. ix + 265 pages. $22.95 (paper). Paying with Their Bodies: American War and the Problem of the Disabled Veteran. By John M. Kinder. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015. vii + 358 pages. $30.00 (cloth). $20.00 (paper). The Rise of the Military Welfare State. By Jennifer Mittelstadt. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015. 332pages. $29.95 (cloth). The field of critical war studies developed in the decades after the Vietnam War as scholars struggled to understand how Americans could have been led into that foreign policy disaster. “Militarization” offered an explanation, and it soon crystallized into something of a watchword in the literature. Over time, militarization—and its more culturally oriented cousin “militarism”—became more complicated and laden with meaning. The historian Michael Sherry, in his indispensable synthesis of the era, defined militarization as “the process by which war and national security became consuming anxieties and provided the memories, models, and metaphors that shaped broad areas of national life.” Critical war studies explored several interlocking themes: how war institutions and war cultures shape other institutions and cultures, how gender and sexuality are constructed by war, and vice versa, and how warfare produces and reproduces the nation-state and personhood (or citizenship) within it. Recent works on war are indebted to this older set of conversations. Bringing a broader set of perspectives, scholars from other fields have turned their attention to the subject of war—more and more academics “do” military topics now. [End Page 163] Two of the books I discuss here take up the subject of the American military, in particular the US Army, as a vast social institution, incorporating into the narrative not only soldiers but also families and whole communities. Jennifer Mittelstadt, who wrote her first book on welfare reform and liberal policymaking in the United States, turns her discerning gaze toward the post–Vietnam army, in The Rise of the Military Welfare State. She examines the intersection of military service, citizenship, welfare, and entitlement in post-Vietnam America. It is the story of how the army created a vast social and economic safety net in order to recruit and retain volunteers, not only for the more than ten million Americans who volunteered to serve, but also remarkably for the tens of millions of family members in the wider military community. In an effort to make good on its old promise to “take care of its own,” the army constructed a welfare system modeled on a paternal “Army Family” (7). This engaging history is an excellent companion to Kenneth MacLeish’s Making War at Fort Hood: Life and Uncertainty in a Military Community, which is an on-the-ground ethnographic study of soldiers, military families, and the wartime community surrounding Fort Hood, Texas, at the height of the Iraq War. Big questions about citizenship, obligation, and soldiering in a liberal democracy are what drove MacLeish to Fort Hood, which is home to two combat divisions (the First Cavalry and the Fourth Infantry Division). From this context, he discovers that although Americans like to think of war and violence as regrettable interruptions to peace, they are in fact “fundamental to the exercise of power over human beings rather than regrettable exceptions to enlightened ideals” (9). Whereas Mittelstadt writes about how and why the military welfare state arose in the latter third of the twentieth century, MacLeish shows us what happens when the entire military community gets mobilized and is put to the destructive purposes of war. The next two monographs engage with the aftermath and consequences of war, focusing on disabled soldiers and veterans. John Kinder’s Paying with Their Bodies: American War and the Problem of the Disabled Veteran seeks the origins of American anxieties over war and disability, and finds their roots in the Progressive Era and the aftermath of World War I. He argues that...

Abstract 4209: Targeting GPNMB with 89Zr-CR011 for PET imaging of triple negative breast cancer

Abstract Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma B (GPNMB) is a transmembrane protein overexpressed in 30 - 40% of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and has shown to be associated with metastasis and disease recurrence. An anti-GPNMB antibody drug conjugate, Glembatumumab Vedotin (CDX-011), is currently in Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of metastatic TNBC patients, with promising outcomes. Positron Emission Tomography using radiolabeled antibodies could be advantageous in stratifying patients who may benefit from CDX-011, tracking the biodistribution of CDX-011, and assessing GPNMB expression in vivo. To this end, we radiolabeled the naked antibody, Glembatumumab (CR011), with the positron-emitting 89Zr (half life = 3.3 days). We characterized the stability, affinity, rate of cellular internalization, and specificity of 89Zr-CR011 using various cell-binding assays in human TNBC cell lines. We determined that 89Zr-CR011 is stable in serum solution for up to 5 days, binds specifically to GPNMB+ TNBC cells with high affinity (KD = 16 nM), and internalizes rapidly (50% within 30 - 60 min). We conducted a biodistribution study from 1 - 12 days post administration via tail vein in GPNMB+ MDA-MB-468 xenografts to determine the time point at which we achieve the optimal tumor-to-nontarget ratios. A subset of mice was administered a blocking dose of unlabeled CR011 (100-fold excess, 1 mg/mouse), where we observed a 2.5-fold reduction in 89Zr-CR011 tumor uptake, confirming the specificity of 89Zr-CR011 for GPNMB+ TNBC tumors. PET imaging studies and dosimetry calculations are currently in progress. This preliminary study demonstrates that 89Zr-CR011 may be an excellent companion diagnostic agent for CDX-011 therapy and an essential tool to assess the function of GPNMB in vivo. Citation Format: Bernadette V. Marquez, Supum Lee, Tibor Keler, Thomas Hawthorne, Jeremy Hoog, Shunqiang Li, Cynthia Ma, Suzanne E. Lapi. Targeting GPNMB with 89Zr-CR011 for PET imaging of triple negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4209.

Nancy Bookidis and Elizabeth G. Pemberton. The sanctuary of Demeter and Kore, the Greek lamps and offering trays

Nancy Bookidis and Elizabeth Pemberton’s the Greek Lamps and Offering Trays is a fine new addition to the Corinth series and another piece of the puzzle that is the sanctuary of Demeter and Kore. Following the six preceding volumes that detail the archaeology, inscriptions and topography of the site, the Greek Lamps and Offering Trays presents another detailed look at a particular aspect of material culture from the Demeter and Kore sanctuary. Focussed on Greek lamps and so-called offering trays this volume marvellously succeeds in furthering our understanding of the sanctuary and its associated material culture and is an excellent companion to the earlier volumes detailing the Greek and Roman pottery and terracottas recovered from the site. Corinth XVIII.7 is composed of five chapters and divided into two parts.

A Formative Decade: Ireland in the 1920s

This collection of ten essays seeks to shed new light on the politics and political culture of the first decade of independent Ireland, from 1922 to 1932, and it makes an excellent companion to the 1999 collection of essays, Ireland in the 1930s. As pointed out by the editors in their introduction, the historiography of Irish politics in the 1920s concentrates overwhelmingly on the War of Independence (1919-1921) and the Civil War (1922-1923), leaving much terrain unexplored. While this volum...

Gray's Anatomy for Students.

With its international editorial board, this book is the first edition of Gray's Anatomy for Students, which is based on its established and successful parent volume Gray's Anatomy. As in many modern anatomy books, the subject is covered regionally. The book is organised into eight sections: anatomy and imaging, back, thorax, abdomen, pelvis and perineum, lower limb, upper limb, and the head and neck. For each region, the section includes a conceptual overview of the region, its functions, component parts, relationships to other regions and its key features before covering the anatomy in detail. The editors are to be applauded for these particularly useful features as many anatomy books often neglect function and how many regions of the body, such as the thorax and abdomen, are related. Where relevant, embryology is also covered. The clinical relevance of topographical anatomy, together with surface anatomy, is highlighted throughout. At the end of each chapter there are clinical scenarios and ten short questions demonstrating clinical applications of anatomy, allowing the readers to test and apply their knowledge. The book provides a unique access code for with free online access to additional learning resources including the entire collection of images, which can be downloaded from an image library. This is particularly useful for presentations. There are also links to resources on interactive surface anatomy, case studies and self-assessment multiple choice questions. These are a useful means of re-inforcing anatomical concepts in preparation for examinations. The clarity of expression of its text, colour artwork and layout is excellent. Anatomy is such a difficult discipline and many textbooks include complex drawings that complicate the subject. This book is thorough and yet succinct in its expression, without loss of relevant detail. It is not only to be recommended as an excellent companion for undergraduate medical students but also for candidates of the intercollegiate MRCS diploma.

Singing Simpkin and Other Bawdy Jigs: Musical Comedy on the Shakespearean Stage; Scripts, Music and Context by Roger Clegg and Lucie Skeaping (review)

Roger Clegg and Lucie Skeaping. Singing Simpkin and Other Bawdy Jigs: Musical Comedy on the Shakespearean Stage; Scripts, Music and Context. Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 2014. Pp. xii + 339. $55.00. Roger Clegg and Lucie Skeaping's Singing Simpkin and Other Bawdy Jigs does exactly what it promises, providing scripts, music, and context. However, it also provides much more: lucid history of early modern jigs, commentary on staging the jigs (including fighting), and an informative section on dance instruction by Anne Daye. Dealing with the three distinct disciplines of literature, music, and dance, the authors present work that is remarkably free of disciplinary jargon, and thus accessible to all. A book for scholars, teachers, and particularly for performers, this decidedly practical book regarding little-known dramatic form provides virtually everything needed to enact any of its nine jigs, which span the time period from the late sixteenth until the mid-seventeenth centuries: Wooing of Nan, Roland's God Son, Singing Simpkin, Francis' New The Black Man, The Jig of St. Denys' Ghost, The Libel of Michael Steel, Fools Fortune, and Cheaters Cheated. Although there are other editions of some of these jigs, notably in C. R. Baskervill's The Elizabethan Jig and Related Song Drama (1929, reprinted 1965), and Jack Ashworth and Richard Bagwell's Two Elizabethan Stage Jigs (1978, an out-of-print pamphlet), no other editions are as readable, nor provide as much useful performance information. The book begins with an excellent, scholarly chapter on the history of the dramatic jig. Clegg and Skeaping succinctly explain that although the jig made its first appearance in public theaters at the end of the 1570s, the form was initially probably no more than satirical ballad sung and danced by clown to popular tune (1). In large part due to the skills of variety of clowns and players, by the turn of the century the jig developed into a short sung-drama that featured as an afterpiece to the main play in the open playhouses, and at times, it seems, as an interlude at bear-baitings (1). Probably extended with improvised sections, stage fighting, and dancing, jigs were frequently bawdy, libelous, and/ or farcical. Of particular interest are the authors' comments about the dominant themes (infidelity, and making fun of higher social classes); the contributions of particular actors (especially Tarlton and Kemp); and analysis of jigs' reception (they were disliked both by those opposed to drama in general and by the more serious playwrights). The heart of the book is the presentation of the nine jigs. For each one, in addition to an easily readable, carefully edited, modern English there are sections entitled Synopsis, Provenance, Sources of the script, and Commentary on the tunes. For third of the jigs, there is an additional section, Continental variants. Beyond the historical introduction and jig editions, Singing Simpkin contains many excellent explanatory elements, such as Table 1, which lists the performance elements of each of the nine jigs: names, type (maid, sailor, etc.), props, location, and the presence of fighting or dancing. Also of note is the separate chapter on dance. Although the exact dances are not known, Daye has provided instruction, down to the level of specific steps, for several of the dances in Wooing of Nan, Singing Simpkin, and The Cheaters Cheated, along with an explanation of how these dances are appropriate for the other jigs. The authors have made good use of previous scholarship, especially Baskervill's Elizabethan Jig and Ashworth and Bagwell's brief Two Elizabethan Stage Jigs, the latter being another performance-focused work. For those who desire additional scholarly information, Baskervill's text is an excellent companion, particularly its 334-page History of the Jig, which deals extensively with historical sources. …