Excellent Catalytic Performance Research Articles

Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) mediated synthesis of TiO2 with enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability

Improving photocatalytic activity and stability of titanium dioxide (TiO2) is crucial for its application in wastewater treatment. Incorporating polymer ligands into the synthetic process is an important way to improve the catalytic performance of TiO2. In this work, a water-soluble, non-toxic, and non-ionic polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), was used to regulate the synthesis of TiO2 by using hydrothermal method. It was observed that PVP-regulated TiO2 had enhanced photocatalytic performance comparing with the pure TiO2, mainly due to the enhanced light absorption, the suppressed charge recombination efficiency, the increased oxidation power of photogenerated holes and specific surface area. Additionally, the catalytic stability of the catalyst was also improved. As a result, TiO2 assisted with PVP exhibited a significant improvement in catalytic stability after four cycles of methyl orange degradation. Our research results can provide experimental and theoretical basis for the development of photocatalysts with excel-lent stable catalytic performance.

Catalytic pyrolysis of wood dust for monophenol over macroalgal biochar-based catalyst: Effects of activation agents and atmospheres during catalyst synthesis on its performance

After introducing heteroatoms into the carbon material skeleton, the performance of carbocatalyst during catalytic pyrolysis of biomass for monophenol production is significantly improved. Algae, as a carbon source with intrinsic nitrogen content, is well-identified as a suitable raw material for preparing heteroatom-doped carbocatalyst. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different alkaline activation agents (KOH/NaOH) and gas atmospheres (N2/CO2) during the carbonization-activation synthesis process of macroalgal biochar-based catalysts (MBBCs) on their properties and performances. Characterizations of carbocatalysts were carried out via BET and XPS analyses to investigate the porous structures and surface functional groups. Results showed that CO2, as a weakly oxidizing atmosphere, can promote the formation of porous structure of MBBCs. However, the promotion is not as strong as that of chemical activation agents (KOH/NaOH). Furthermore, KOH can promote the formation of porous structure more strongly than NaOH, but NaOH can substantially enhance the formation of surface oxygen‑nitrogen groups compared to KOH. All the MBBCs exhibited the increment of monophenols in the bio-oil obtained from catalytic pyrolysis of wood dust, especially phenol, o-cresol, and p-cresol. Amongst, the biochar-based catalyst activated with NaOH in CO2 atmosphere was the most effective one in promoting monophenols content (up to 59.46 %). Compared with the control group (without catalyst), the phenol content was increased from 5.03 % to 19.40 %. Moreover, it is found that the catalytic performance was positively correlated with the CO species percentage on the surface of MBBCs. The macroalgal biochar-based catalyst has an excellent catalytic performance, which is of great significance for achieving the complete utilization of algae and thereby improving the quality of catalytic pyrolysis products.

Highly Conjugated Nanozyme with Non Coordination Saturation for Cascaded Enhanced POD Reaction Driving Antibacterial Therapy

AbstractThe misuse of antibiotics leads to emergence of drug‐resistant bacteria. Developing artificial nanozymes with high stability and excellent catalytic performance is desirable to substitute for antibiotics, but still remains huge challenge. Herein, the study reports a new strategy for cascaded enhanced peroxidase (POD) reaction driving antibacterial therapy via constructing 2D conjugated metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with non coordination saturation as nanozyme. It is demonstrated that the non coordination saturation Cu atom promotes the adsorption of H2O2, followed by the Cu‐HHTP MOFs with high conjugated structure can enhance the photogenerated electron transfer for ·OH generation in POD reaction. The sequential enhancement of substrate adsorption and decomposition endows the as‐made Cu‐HHTP MOFs with outstanding antibacterial property of >99.9999% elimination with a concentration only 1/133 that of traditional nanozyme. In addition, the study also certifies its excellent in vivo antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility, indicating the therapeutic potential for infections by drug‐resistant bacteria.

Co-deposition of different mixed nanoparticle concentrations with nickel as efficient OER electrocatalysts in alkaline media

The catalytic efficiency of water electrolysis is directly affected by the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). DFT simulation was used to calculate the doping of SiC nanoparticles into Ni–Co alloys. The results indicate that doping nano SiC particles enhances the intrinsic activity of Ni–Co–SiC in OER by introducing a separate RDS at each of the four reaction sites. Then, magnetic field-induced jet electrodeposition was used to manufacture Ni–Co–SiC catalytic electrodes. To obtain a larger specific surface area of the micro/nano structure, nickel nanoparticles, and SiC nanoparticles were mixed in the form of mixed nanoparticles and then added to the electrolyte. The effect of mixed nanoparticle concentration on OER performance of Ni–Co–SiC catalytic electrodes was investigated. Research showed that the Ni–Co–SiC catalytic electrode exhibits micro/nano dense cellular protrusion structures with higher surface roughness with a magnetic field. OER performance of the Ni–Co–SiC catalytic electrode further increased with the concentration of nanoparticles, the catalytic electrode has excellent catalytic performance when the concentration of mixed nanoparticles reaches 6 g/L in the electrolyte. The overpotential of the Ni–Co–SiC/Ni catalytic electrode decreased to 309 mV, and the Tafel slope was 54.5 mV/dec.

Highly efficient degradation and detoxification of antibiotics over C–Dots/siderite heteroaggregates in photo-Fenton systems: The crucial role of C–Dots

The substantial presence of antibiotics in aquatic environments remains as a critical environmental issue that needs to be urgently addressed. In this study, mimetics of C–Dots/siderite heteroaggregates (CSI) were studied in a visible-light-responsive Fenton system as a platform for the degradation of antibiotics in contaminated water. By virtue of the excellent electron transfer of C–Dots, the sustained conversion cycles of Fe(II) → Fe(III) → Fe(II) in CSI were greatly accelerated, and meanwhile the H2O2 utilization was enhanced. The optimized CSI–3 nanocomposite displayed a prominent degradation efficiency towards a series of tetracycline analogs at ppb levels. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated the excellent photo-Fenton catalytic performance of CSI originated from the increased d-band center and electron density, which considerably improves the utilization of H2O2. Both experimental and theoretical studies revealed that the correlated toxicity of degradation intermediates was significantly decreased. Additionally, a continuous flow device integrating the CSI photo-Fenton system maintained a high degradation efficiency after long-term treatment of simulated chlortetracycline wastewater. The presented work thereby confirms a spontaneous remediation process for the decontamination and detoxification of persistent organic pollutants under the action of heteroaggregates formed by engineered nanoparticles and natural minerals.

Zn promoted GaZrOx Ternary Solid Solution Oxide Combined with SAPO-34 Effectively Converts CO2 to Light Olefins with Low CO Selectivity.

We proposed a new strategy for CO2 hydrogenation to prepare light olefins by introducing Zn into GaZrOx to construct ZnGaZrOx ternary oxides, which was combined with SAPO-34 to prepare a high-performance ZnGaZrOx/SAPO-34 tandem catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation to light olefins. By optimizing the Zn doping content, the ratio and mode of the two-phase composite, and the process conditions, the 3.5 %ZnGaZrOx/SAPO-34 tandem catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance and good high-temperature inhibition of the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction. The catalyst achieved 26.6 % CO2 conversion, 82.1 % C2 =-C4 = selectivity and 11.8 % light olefins yield. The ZnGaZrOx formed by introducing an appropriate amount of Zn into GaZrOx significantly enhanced the spillover H2 effect and also induced the generation of abundant oxygen vacancies to effectively promote the activation of CO2. Importantly, the RWGS reaction was also significantly suppressed at high temperatures, with the CO selectivity being only 46.1 % at 390 °C.

Fe-Doped CoNi layered hydrogencarbonate hierarchical Nano-Array assisted growth of ZIF-67 as an efficient OER/UOR bifunctional catalyst reaction for Overall Urea-Water electrolysis

The design of efficient electrocatalysts for OER and UOR is essential for achieving sustainable hydrogen production and enabling simultaneous wastewater treatment. Here, a versatile fabrication method for the in-situ growth of ZIF-67 from hydrocarbonate as a template for three-dimensional hierarchical nano-arrays. This strategy provides an opportunity for controllably tuning the interfacial assembly of MOFs materials on precursor template nanomaterials. The obtained MIM@Fe0.1-CoNi CH/NF exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic performance as an electrocatalytic anode for the OER and UOR. The MIM@Fe0.1-CoNi CH/NF required only 194 mV and 285 mV overpotentials to achieve the current densities of 10 and 100 mA·cm−2 in the electrolyte of 1.0 M KOH, and the overpotentials in the 1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M Urea electrolyte requires only 1.31 V (vs.RHE) to achieve a current density of 10 mA·cm−2. Notably, (+)MIM@Fe0.1-CoNi CH/NF || Pt/C/NF(−) achieves 10 mA·cm−2 in urea-assisted electrolysis at only 1.36 V (vs.RHE). The excellent catalytic performance was attributed to the modification of the CoNi CH/NF template by Fe3+ and 2-MIM, which modulated the Ni2+ and Co2+ electronic structures and optimised the adsorption behaviour of the OER/UOR intermediates. Overall, this work provides a strategy for preparing desirable catalysts for clean energy and wastewater treatment.

Self-supported Ru-Fe-Ox nanospheres as efficient electrocatalyst to boost overall water-splitting in acid and alkaline media

Developing electrocatalysts with high activity and durability for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes remains challenging. In this study, we synthesize a self-supported ruthenium-iron oxide on carbon cloth (Ru-Fe-Ox/CC) using solvothermal methods followed by air calcination. The morphology of the nanoparticle exposes numerous active sites vital for electrocatalysis. Additionally, the strong electronic interaction between Ru and Fe enhances electrocatalytic kinetics optimization. The porous structure of the carbon cloth matrix facilitates mass transport, improving electrolyte penetration and bubble release. Consequently, Ru-Fe-Ox/CC demonstrates excellent catalytic performance, achieving low overpotentials of 32 mV and 28 mV for HER and 216 mV and 228 mV for OER in acidic and alkaline electrolytes, respectively. Notably, only 1.48 V and 1.46 V are required to reach 10 mA cm−2 for efficient water-splitting in both mediums, exhibiting remarkable stability. This research offers insights into designing versatile, highly efficient catalysts suitable for varied pH conditions.

Preparation of palladium-based catalyst by plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition and its applications in CO2 hydrogenation reduction

Supported Pd catalyst is an important noble metal material in recent years due to its high catalytic performance in CO2 hydrogenation. A fluidized-bed plasma assisted atomic layer deposition (FP-ALD) process is reported to fabricate Pd nanoparticle catalyst over γ-Al2O3 or Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3 support, using palladium hexafluoroacetylacetonate as the Pd precursor and H2 plasma as counter-reactant. Scanning transmission electron microscopy exhibits that high-density Pd nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed over Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3 support with an average diameter of 4.4 nm. The deposited Pd-Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3 shows excellent catalytic performance for CO2 hydrogenation in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor. Under a typical condition of H2 to CO2 ratio of 4 in the feed gas, the discharge power of 19.6 W, and gas hourly space velocity of 10000 h−1, the conversion of CO2 is as high as 16.3% with CH3OH and CH4 selectivities of 26.5% and 3.9%, respectively.

Bi-ZFO/BMO-Vo Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysis-PMS bidirectionally enhanced coupling system for environmental remediation

Given the urgency of organic pollutant removal and the low efficiency of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), a novel Bi-ZFO/BMO-Vo photocatalyst was fabricated via the solvothermal method. A coupling system was constructed to combine photocatalysis with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) oxidation processes, which synergistically degrade organic pollutants. Bi-ZFO/BMO-Vo exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, which could remove 100 % RhB in 110 min and degrade 100 % MG in 70 min, and 88 % H-TC in 50 min. The excellent catalytic performance of Bi-ZFO/BMO-Vo was not only attributed to the synergistic effect of PMS activation and photocatalysis, but also attributed to the SPR effect of Bi nanoparticles, electron capture of oxygen vacancies, and intense contact of Bi-ZFO/BMO-Vo heterojunctions. The active species capture experiments and EPR tests indicated that 1O2, SO4–·, ·OH, and O2–· worked together for the RhB removal. The degradation intermediates of RhB were identified by LC-MS. Based on the experimental results, the band structure and Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism were proposed. Toxicity evaluation indicated that Bi-ZFO/BMO-Vo-Vis/PMS could significantly reduce RhB toxicity. This efficient and stable catalyst is expected to be used in organic wastewater degradation and practical applications.

New method for the preparation of hierarchical nanotube K0.3xMnxCe1-xOδ catalysts and their excellent catalytic performance for soot combustion

A series of nanofibrous K-Mn-Ce composite oxide catalysts were prepared via a centrifugal spinning method for the first time, and their physicochemical properties were studied. The prepared K0.3xMnxCe1-xOδ metal oxide catalyst, which is a composite of CeO2 and cryptopotassium manganese-type K2-xMn8O16, exhibits a hierarchical nanotube structure with uniform nanoneedles on its surface. During the process of soot oxidation, CeO2 utilizes its unique oxygen storage and release capacity to supply oxygen species. Simultaneously, the excellent redox properties of K2-xMn8O16 effectively promote valence cycling of the active components and produce more active oxygen species. This synergistic effect effectively enhances the intrinsic activity of the catalysts. Among the prepared catalysts, K0.15Mn0.5Ce0.5Oδ exhibits the highest catalytic performance, with 10% (T10), 50% (T50), and 90% (T90) soot conversion temperatures of 267 °C, 309 °C, and 338 °C, respectively, and shows good stability and water and sulfur resistance. Based on their simple preparation, low cost, and good catalytic performance, K0.3xMnxCe1-xOδ composite metal oxide catalysts have good potential in catalytic soot combustion applications.

In Situ Carbon-Confined MoSe2 Catalyst with Heterojunction for Highly Selective CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol.

The synthesis of methanol from CO2 hydrogenation is an effective measure to deal with global climate change and an important route for the chemical fixation of CO2. In this work, carbon-confined MoSe2 (MoSe2@C) catalysts were prepared by in situ pyrolysis using glucose as a carbon source. The physico-chemical properties and catalytic performance of CO2 hydrogenation to yield methanol were compared with MoSe2 and MoSe2/C. The results of the structure characterization showed MoSe2 displayed few layers and a small particle size. Owing to the synergistic effect of the Mo2C-MoSe2 heterojunction and in situ carbon doping, MoSe2@C with a suitable C/Mo mole ratio in the precursor showed excellent catalytic performance in the synthesis of methanol from CO2 hydrogenation. Under the optimal catalyst MoSe2@C-55, the selectivity of methanol reached 93.7% at a 9.7% conversion of CO2 under optimized reaction conditions, and its catalytic performance was maintained without deactivation during a continuous reaction of 100 h. In situ diffuse infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy studies suggested that formate and CO were the key intermediates in CO2 hydrogenation to methanol.

Resonant structure substrate anchors Pt to form ordered alloys for efficient oxygen reduction reaction

Platinum-based ordered alloys have excellent catalytic performance for the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. However, these alloys exhibit a lower degree of ordering and larger crystal grains after heat treatment. Herein, a series of cyanamide group molecules (cyanamide, dicyandiamide, melamine) was employed as substrates to modify Pt-based alloys by promoting the binding between metal ions, leading to the preparation of ∼ 4 nm PtM (M = Co, Fe, Ni) ordered alloys after heat treatment. Among them, the PtCo ordered alloy prepared using hydrolyzed cyanamide with a unique resonance structure exhibits a high degree of order (93.1 %), and its mass activity of 0.915 A mgPt-1 at 0.9 V is superior to that of Pt/C. The theoretically calculated adsorption energies of these alloys demonstrate that the resonance structure of the cyanamide substrate is beneficial for alloy formation, thereby facilitating ordered alloy synthesis.

Iron-Doped carbon supported nickel selenide heterogeneous materials for Dual-Function water electrolysis catalysts

Developing efficient, economical, and resource-abundant dual-function electrocatalysts for water splitting is crucial. In this study, uniform growth of NiSex nanocrystals on Fe-doped XC-72 carbon (NS/XC-Fe) was achieved through a solvothermal method, resulting in the formation of a composite material with outstanding performance. NS/XC-Fe exhibits excellent catalytic performance for both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) (261 mV, 10 mA·cm−2) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) (275 mV, 10 mA·cm−2) under alkaline conditions, owing to the introduction of iron and the construction of heterogeneous interfaces. Additionally, NS/XC-Fe exhibited excellent stability during the 24 h polarization test. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations indicated that the introduction of iron optimized the catalyst’s H adsorption capability, while the construction of heterogeneous interfaces lowered the energy barrier of the rate-determining step. This demonstrates the significant potential of NS/XC-Fe as an electrocatalyst, providing new insights for the design and synthesis of efficient bifunctional electrochemical water splitting catalysts.

Efficient catalysis of acetylene semi-hydrogenation through synergistic action of supported ionic liquid-nickel catalyst

In the semi-hydrogenation of acetylene, nickel-based catalysts offer a promising alternative to precious metal palladium catalysts. Despite the positive hydrogenation activity of nickel-based catalysts, there is still room for improvement in terms of their selectivity and stability. In this study, a simple incipient wetness impregnation method was employed to prepare Ni(OAC)2-IL/Al2O3 catalyst and its performance in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene was investigated. It was found that under the conditions of 170 °C and a space velocity of 600 h−1, the 3 % Ni(OAC)2-IL/Al2O3 catalyst achieved a 95.3 % acetylene conversion with an 85.6 % ethylene selectivity. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibited outstanding stability over a 100 hour test. TEM, XPS and C2H4-TPD experiments showed that the Ni species were encapsulated in the ionic liquids (ILs), and the interaction between the metal ions, nickel, and the ILs ensured a high dispersion and stability of the actives on the carriers, and the electronic effect between the ionic nickel and the ionic liquids increased the electron cloud density of the Ni, which improved the catalyst selectivity, which is the main reason for its excellent catalytic performance.

Synthesis of InZrOx nanosheets and its application in CO2 hydrogenation to methanol

Synthesis of methanol via CO2 hydrogenation is a very important reaction. In recent years, the In2O3 based catalysts were proved to be a sort of promising catalysts to accelerate this reaction, which have aroused extensive attention. However, design of novel In2O3 based catalysts that can efficiently produce methanol from CO2 hydrogenation at low temperature is still in great need. Herein we fabricated the InZrOx nanosheets via a simple solvothermal method, which had peculiar surface structure and plenty of oxygen defects. The InZrOx nanosheets displayed excellent low temperature catalytic performance in a slurry reactor. The methanol selectivity (90 %) and activity (1.4 mmol gIn-1h−1) were achieved at 180 °C, which are 2.3 and 1.6 times than that of the counterpart nanoparticles, respectively. Water as a clean and cheap reaction solvent played a crucial role, which participated in the kinetic process of the catalysis. The particular catalyst structure and the solvent effect of water accounting for the outstanding reaction results.

Efficient hydrodeoxygenation of methyl palmitate over NiMo/ZrO2 catalyst with electron transfer between Ni and Mo

The hydrodeoxygenation of biomass into high quality fuels is one of the effective technologies to produce green diesel and solve the environmental pollution of fossil fuels at source. In this work, the catalytic performances of NixMoy/ZrO2 catalysts for methyl palmitate hydrodeoxygenation were evaluated, and the characterization results were combined to understand their role of physicochemical and structural properties in modulating the specific selectivity of alkanes. Under mild reaction condition (270 °C, 3 MPa), the Ni1Mo1/ZrO2 catalyst showed the best hydrodeoxygenation reactivity (conversion: 99.4%) and alkane selectivity (95.0%, hexadecane: 73.6%) of methyl palmitate. It was found that the electron transfer from Mo to Ni in Ni1Mo1/ZrO2 catalyst promoted the active site Ni anchoring and H2 molecules activation, which were associated with the better hydrodeoxygenation activity. In addition, the highest oxygen vacancies and Mo5+ content in Ni1Mo1/ZrO2 catalyst benefited the adsorption and breaking capacity of CO/C-O bonds and hexadecane yield. The Ni1Mo1/ZrO2 catalyst maintained excellent catalytic performance and structural stability after a long-term test of 60 h, which could be efficiently applied for hydrodeoxygenation of methyl palmitate.

Bimetallic Mn-Ce oxides modified α-Fe2O3 nanorods for low temperature catalytic thermal desorption of naphthalene in soil

Developing highly active catalytic thermal desorption system is of great significance to soil remediation in a sustainable manner. Herein, Mn-Ce oxides modified α-Fe2O3 nanorods were fabricated for catalytic thermal desorption of naphthalene. When N2 was injected at 500 mL/min and heated at 180 °C for 5 min, the removal rate of naphthalene in soil by Ce-Mn/α-Fe2O3 reached a maximum of 99.96 %, and the corresponding removal rate achieved 32.1 %. Such excellent catalytic performances can be attributed to the mutual conversion of oxidation valence states of MnOx, CeO2, and Fe2O3, which enhance the oxygen mobility of the catalyst surface, resulting in abundant oxygen vacancies and acidic sites. Combined with the tests of GC–MS and FT-IR, the degradation intermediates were identified and a probable reaction pathway was proposed. This study provides an economical and efficient strategy for the enhancement of catalytic thermal desorption, showing crucial practical significance for PHAs remediation in soil.

Interfacial engineering of TiO2@Bi-BiOBr by constructing hierarchical core–shell heterojunction to boost charge transfer for photothermal CO2 reduction

CO2 reduction by a sustainable pathway such as photothermal catalysis is highly demanded currently, high carrier recombination rate still severely limits the performance of photothermal catalysis. Constructing heterojunction interfaces with high exposed area is an effective strategy to solve the problem of carrier recombination. However, fine control of the interface structure is still highly challenging. Herein, Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were constructed to reveal that metallic Bi leads to more densities of states (DOS) generation at the conduction band edge in Bi-BiOBr, which argues that photogenerated electrons are more likely to be delivered to metallic Bi. A TiO2@Bi-BiOBr hollow hierarchical core–shell heterojunction was designed, providing a highly exposed interface and Bi between interfaces. Such structure endows the catalyst with excellent photothermal catalytic performance, achieving a CO yield of 30.4 μmol·h−1·g−1. The highly improved performance is attributed to interfacial thermoelectrons transfer boosted by the construction of TiO2@BiOBr heterojunction as well as metal Bi. And a possible CO2 reduction pathway is proposed, which is consistent with the Carbine pathway. This study provides an exciting idea for the modulation of photoelectron transfer at catalyst interfaces.

Imidazole-based organic polymer frameworks as metal- and halogen-free heterogeneous platforms for efficient CO2 cycloaddition

Developing effective metal- and halogen-free heterogeneous catalysts for the CO2 cycloaddition remains a challenge. In this study, novel imidazole-based hyper-crosslinked polymers (HCP-BZ, HCP-BP and HCP-TBZ) with abundant N sites were constructed via a one-pot polymerization, and employed as heterogeneous catalysts for the CO2 cycloaddition reaction. The special skeletal pore structure with abundant hierarchical pore structures and uniformly distributed active sites were demonstrated by various characterization technologies. The optimal HCP-TBZ(16:1) exhibits a good CO2 selective adsorption performance with a CO2 adsorption capacity of 2.23 mmol/g and CO2/N2 adsorption selectivity of 41 at 273 K and 0.1 MPa. Additionally, the resulting catalyst HCP-TBZ(16:1) achieves an excellent catalytic performance with 96 % yield and 99 % selectivity without metal, halogen, cocatalyst and solvent additions (120 °C, 1.0 MPa CO2, 5 h). Moreover, the HCP-TBZ(16:1) also exhibits a satisfactory catalytic activity under the mild conditions (70 °C, 1.0 MPa CO2), and can effectively catalyze the cyclic carbonate preparation from the dilute CO2 (15 %CO2/85 %N2). The comparable catalytic activity and the determined structural stability, reusability and universality make the prepared imidazole-based HCPs a potential heterogeneous catalyst candidate for the CO2 cycloaddition. This study will provide some guidance for developing metal-free and halogen-free CO2 adsorption and conversion platforms.