Excellent Adsorption Properties Research Articles

Enhanced passivation of lead and cadmium from contaminated farmland using biochar with tailored pore properties: Performance and mechanisms

The porous biochar (PBCPB) was prepared by one-step KHCO3-activated pyrolysis of corn stalks, which showed excellent passivation properties for Pb/Cd in soil (48.99 % or 46.74 %). Characterization results revealed that the PBCPB possessed a dense and network-like pore structure with a huge specific surface area of 1342.07 m2/g, which was conducive to the passivation of Pb/Cd. Batch experiments showed that PBCPB had excellent adsorption properties with the maximum absorption capacity of 117.61/48.24 mg/g. After 30 d of remediation, the bioavailable-Pb/Cd contents in 5.0 % of PBCPB treatment were reduced by 47.06 % and 58.42 %, respectively. The speciation transformation results uncovered that the contents of unstable Pb/Cd components gradually decreased with the increase of PBCPB dosages, ultimately transforming into stable residual components. In addition, the PBCPB could effectively increase the contents of soil available nutrients and enhance functional enzyme activities, which contributed to promoting the growth of cucumber seedlings. Meanwhile, PBCPB strongly alleviated the oxidative damage of Pb/Cd to cucumber seedlings by significantly reducing the Pb/Cd accumulation and antioxidant oxidase activity of cucumber seedlings. Furthermore, precipitation, complexation, as well as cation-π interaction were the primary passivation mechanisms of PBCPB for Pb/Cd. Overall, the study provided a reasonable design of porous carbon-based materials for the remediation of Pb/Cd-contaminated soil.

Fe3C@C composite fiber mats prepared by electrospinning with heat treatment and their application to Li-S batteries

The main challenges facing Li-S batteries stem from the low conductivity of sulfur and the dissolution of lithium polysulfides. This study addresses these issues by synthesizing Fe3C@C nanofibers through electrospinning followed by heat treatments, which are then applied as an interlayer in Li-S cells. The pre-oxidation temperature is adjusted to achieve the desired material properties, in which Fe3C nanoparticles are embedded in graphitic carbon nanofibers, resulting in a high specific surface area and mesopore volume. This configuration provides excellent polysulfide adsorption and catalytic properties for their further conversion. Consequently, when used as an interlayer, the electrochemical performance of the cell, including discharge capacity (first: 1174 vs. 850 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C), stability (852 vs. 400 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles), and rate-capability (620 vs. 100 mAh g−1 at 2 C), is significantly enhanced compared to cells without interlayer.

Efficient Preparation and Optimization of Activated Carbon Monoliths from Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resins for CO2 Capture

Activated carbon monoliths with developed porosity, high surface area and excellent adsorption properties were successfully prepared from resorcinol-formaldehyde resins using a physical activation method. The primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of key parameters, namely hexamethylenetetramine content (0.08–0.2 g), pyrolysis heating rate (5–20 °C/min) and activation time (1–7 h), on the final characteristics of the activated carbon in order to identify the optimal operating conditions to achieve the desired properties. All the cured resin samples were pyrolyzed at 900 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere, while the activation process took place in the presence of CO2. The evaluation of the activated carbon materials was based on the CO2 adsorption capacity and BET surface area, micropore area and total pore volume, which were employed as the criteria for selecting the optimal activated carbon. The synthesized porous carbon monoliths exhibited good properties: high BET surface area (900 m2/g), high CO2 adsorption capacity (5.33 mmol/g at 0 °C and 1 bar, 3.8 mmol/g at 25 °C and 1 bar) and good CO2 selectivity for CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 mixtures. These results were obtained with a pyrolysis heating rate of 5 °C/min and a 3 h activation period.

Promoting polysulfides conversion by hexagonal-like V-MOF-derived VC-doped carbon nanotubes for lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are one of the representatives of a new generation of high-performance batteries, due to their large theoretical specific discharge capacity, high energy density and low cost et al. However, shuttle effect and slow conversion kinetics of polysulfides (LiPSs) hinder the performance of LSBs. In order to mitigate shuttle effect, metal-organic frameworks are introduced. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is used as composite cathode, due to their high electrical conductivity. V-MOF/CNTs-derived hexagonal VC/CNTs nanosheets are successfully synthesized and used as the sulfur host. VC/CNTs nanosheet with mesoporous structure can provide a lot of active sites. VC nanosheets are uniformly distributed and interconnected with CNTs to form a conductive network structure. VC/CNTs has excellent chemical adsorption and catalytic properties on polysulfides, which can improve the redox reaction kinetics and the adsorption capability. Due to the synergistic effects, S/VC/CNTs has an excellent cycling stability. S/VC/CNTs shows a significant initial specific capacity of 1370 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. Capacity decay rate per cycle is about 0.037 % After 500 cycles at 0.5 C, the Coulomb efficiency is nearly to 100 %. The results show that the introduction of VC/CNTs composites with special hexagonal structure can accelerate the catalytic electrochemical reaction, and the dissolution and diffusion of polysulfides are well controlled.

Carbon nanotubes growth in modified bluecoke powders: Preparation and characterization, formation mechanism of CNTs, and potential application

Bluecoke powders pose challenges in large-scale industrial utilization due to their small particle size and low added value that become one of primary constraints on the coking industry. In this work, Fe catalyst-assisted microwave pyrolysis of low-rank coal to prepare the modified bluecoke powders containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was investigated, and their potential applications were discussed. The results showed that when the addition ratios of Fe(NO3)3 and Fe(C5H5)2 were 0.05 and 0.15 respectively, the yields of CNTs in the modified bluecoke powders were 4.77 wt% and 4.15 wt%, with diameters primarily range of 50–135 nm and 30–80 nm. Additionally, the specific surface area reached 1306.29 m2/g and 643.76 m2/g. Fe(C5H5)2 significantly influenced the MBPs, and Fe and Fe3C played pivotal roles in the growth of CNTs. The excellent adsorption property and good electrochemical activity of the MBPs exhibited their considerable potential applications.

Valorization of argan paste cake waste: Enhanced CO2 adsorption on chemically activated carbon

This study addresses the critical need to reduce energy penalties in CO2 capture processes by exploring the potential of activated carbons derived from argan paste cake for post-combustion CO2 capture applications. Leveraging their cost-effectiveness, stability in humid conditions, and microporous structure, a series of activated carbons with diverse textural characteristics were synthesized through a two-step chemical activation process employing a KOH: biochar ratio of 1:1. Activation temperatures ranged from 700 to 850 °C. Characterization techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were employed to analyze the structural and chemical properties of the synthesized activated carbons. Remarkably, all synthesized samples exhibited excellent CO2 adsorption properties. Notably, the activated carbon sample prepared at 700 °C (APC-500–700) demonstrated the highest CO2 adsorption capacity, reaching up to 4.89 mmol/g at 0 °C and 2.98 mmol/g at 25 °C. Additional samples, including APC-500–800 and APC-500–850, exhibited CO2 adsorption capacities of 4.89 mmol/g and 4.83 mmol/g, respectively, at 0 °C, with corresponding values of 2.74 mmol/g and 2.60 mmol/g observed at 25 °C. Selectivity and stability tests were conducted to evaluate the adsorption performance under varied conditions, further highlighting the potential of activated carbon derived from argan paste cake in contributing to efficient CO2 capture processes. These findings underscore the significance of synthesis conditions in tailoring adsorption performance and pave the way for the sustainable utilization of waste biomass for environmental applications.

A double boronic acid affinity "sandwich" SERS biosensor based on magnetic boronic acid controllable-oriented imprinting for high-affinity biomimetic specific recognition and rapid detection of target glycoproteins.

Transferrin (TRF), recognized as a glycoprotein clinical biomarker and therapeutic target, has its concentration applicable for disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Consequently, this study developed boronic acid affinity magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymers (B-MMIPs) with pH-responsitivity as the "capture probe" for TRF, which have high affinity similar to antibodies, with a dissociation constant of (3.82 ± 0.24) × 10-8M, showing 7 times of reusability. The self-copolymerized imprinted layer synthesized with dopamine (DA) and 3-Aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) as double monomers avoided nonspecific binding sites and produced excellent adsorption properties. Taking the gold nanostar (AuNS) with a branch tip "hot spot" structure as the core, the silver-coated AuNS functionalized with the biorecognition element 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (MPBA) was employed as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotag (AuNS@Ag-MPBA) to label TRF, thereby constructing a double boronic acid affinity "sandwich" SERS biosensor (B-MMIPs-TRF-SERS nanotag) for the highly sensitive detection of TRF. The SERS biosensor exhibited a detection limit for TRF of 0.004ng/mL, and its application to spiked serum samples confirmed its reliability and feasibility, demonstrating significant potential for clinical TRF detection. Moreover, the SERS biosensor designed in this study offers advantages in stability, detection speed (40min), and cost efficiency. The portable Raman instrument for SERS detection fulfills the requirements for point-of-care testing.

A novel ion-responsive hydrogel based on quaternized chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose for high efficient chloride ion adsorption

Chloride removal is crucial for industrial wastewater discharge, seawater purification and concrete structure durability. In this study, a novel hydrogel with excellent chloride adsorption property was prepared and the adsorption capacity in relation to external pH and other ions was evaluated. The hydrogel was synthesized using a one-pot method with quaternized chitosan (HACC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) as monomers. By adjusting the material compositions, we effectively modulated the microstructure and charge characteristics of hydrogel, achieving a balanced swelling ratio and optimal adsorption performance. The optimal process conditions were identified as 25 °C and a chloride ion concentration of 40 mmol L−1, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 1080 mg g−1. Isotherm modeling showed that the adsorption fits well with the Freundlich isotherm, suggesting multilayer adsorption. The quaternary ammonium groups serve as fixed positive charge sites or active adsorption sites, enabling the hydrogel to efficiently adsorb anions through the synergistic effects of electrostatic interactions, physical adsorption, and amino protonation. The varied adsorption capacities of quaternary ammonium groups for different anions give rise to competitive adsorption phenomena among them. The incorporation of silver ions into the hydrogel greatly enhances its selective adsorption of chloride ions through chemical combination. This work presents a comprehensive strategy for designing a novel hydrogel with exceptional adsorption properties specifically tailored for chloride ions.

Microorganisms immobilized hydroxyethyl cellulose/luffa composite sponge for selective adsorption and biodegradation of oils in wastewater

The highly efficient removal of oils such as oils or dyes from wastewater has aroused wide concern and is of great significance for clean production and environmental remediation. The synthesis of a novel aerogel (designated as HEC/LS) is reported herein, achieved through a sol-gel method followed by freeze-drying utilizing loofa and hydroxyethyl cellulose as the raw materials. The new HEC/LS aerogel exhibits excellent porosity and specific surface area, with a porosity of 88.70 %, a total pore area of 0.607 m2 g−1, and a specific surface area of 230 m2 g−1. The prepared HEC/LS aerogel exhibits exceptional hydrophilicity and self-floatability, facilitating its rapid absorption of water up to 21 times its own weight within a mere 3 s. Additionally, it demonstrates good adsorption performance for methylene blue (MB), with a maximum adsorption capacity of 83.30 mg g−1. Subsequently, a new hydrophobic microorganisms-loaded composite aerogel (namely, Bn-HEC/LS) was obtained by doping microorganisms into the as-prepared HEC/LS in multiple enrichment followed by a hydrophobic and oleophilic surface modification. Based on its rich porous structure and oleophilic wettability, the as-synthesized Bn-HEC/LS exhibits excellent selective adsorption and degradation properties for the oil contamination, the diesel oil could be selectively absorbed in the Bn-HEC/LS and degraded by the loaded microorganisms. Among them, B5-HEC/LS displays the highest removal efficiency of 94.50 % within 180 h, while free microorganisms and HEC/LS aerogels show degradation efficiencies of only 21.70 % and 48.10 %, respectively. The fixation of microorganisms in the aerogel increases their number within the material and enhances the relative microorganisms removal capacity. The hydrophobic and lipophilic modifications improve the selective adsorption performance of the aerogel on diesel oil, resulting in a significantly high removal rate of Bn-HEC/LS for diesel oil. The results indicate that the immobilization of microorganisms into aerogel improves the activity of microorganisms, and the hydrophobic and oleophilic modification enhances the selective adsorption performance of aerogel to diesel oil, thus resulting in a very high removal rate of Bn-HEC/LS for diesel oil. This study is expected to provide a now possibility for the green and efficient bioremediation of oils.

Synthesis of Ag-HKUST-1 composites and adsorption performance of neutral red dye

HKSUT-1 is often used as an adsorbent because of its excellent adsorption properties. In this study, Ag+ was impregnated into the HKSUT-1 precursor solution using the impregnation method, with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) serving as the reducing agent. This was done to examine the removal efficiency of NR dye. The Ag-HKSUT-1 composites were prepared by varying the additions of AgNO3 and NaBH4. The morphology and structure of the Ag-HKSUT-1 composites were characterized by TG, FT-IR, BET and TEM. The adsorption performance of AH1 for neutral red dye in wastewater was investigated. The adsorption process was described by the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption capacity of AH1 for NR dye at 298 K was calculated to be 64.59 mg/g, indicating that Ag-HKUST-1 effectively adsorbed NR dye. The adsorption process is driven by a chemisorption mechanism, where intermolecular forces between Ag-HKUST-1 and NR, electrostatic interactions, and π-π conjugation between benzene rings play key roles. The results enhance our understanding of the surface interactions between Ag-HKUST-1 and NR dyes and broaden the application of HKUST-1 as an adsorbent for pollutant removal in water.

Study of the Preparation and Performance of TiO2-Based Magnetic Regenerative Adsorbent.

Against the backdrop of "carbon neutrality", the green treatment of dye wastewater is particularly important. Currently, the adsorption method shows strong application prospects. Therefore, selecting efficient and recyclable adsorbents is of significant importance. TiO2 is an excellent adsorbent, but its difficult recovery often leads to secondary pollution. γ-Fe2O3-modified coal-series kaolin exhibits both excellent adsorption properties and rapid separation through magnetic separation technology. By utilizing the synergistic effects of both, TiO2/-γFe2O3 coal-series kaolin, magnetic adsorbent regeneration materials were prepared using coprecipitation method and characterized. The influencing factors of this functional material on the adsorption of Congo red dye and its regeneration performance are discussed. The experimental results indicated that the specific surface area, pore volume and Ms value of this functional material are 127.5 m2/g, 0.38 cm3/g, and 13.4 emu/g, respectively. It exhibits excellent adsorption characteristics towards Congo red, with an adsorption rate reaching 96.8% within 10 min, conforming to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and demonstrating Langmuir IV-type monolayer adsorption. After the adsorption of Congo red, magnetic separation shows superior efficiency. Furthermore, treatment of the adsorbed composite with EDTA allows for recycling, with adsorption rates still above 91% after three cycles, indicating an excellent regeneration capability.

A green and economically efficient adsorbent made by longan seed for the treatment of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in water

In this study, a green and economically efficient adsorbent was prepared from discarded longan seed. Hydrochloric acid-modified longan seed biochar (HNSB), as the final product, possesses excellent adsorption properties. BET characterization of HNSB demonstrates impressive porous properties with a specific surface area of 420.58 m2/g. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted with gatifloxacin (GAT), norfloxacin (NOR), and lomefloxacin (LOM) as representatives of typical fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs). The adsorption capacity of HNSB for FQs exceeded 40% of that of commercial activated carbon. The sustained effective time of HNSB dynamic adsorption for treating high concentrations of FQs wastewater was more than 20 h. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms were fitted by the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir model. The adsorption mechanism includes the pore-filling effect, electrostatic attraction, reduction reaction, hydrogen bonding, π-π interaction, and hydrophobicity. This study provides an economic and feasible strategy for the engineering application of agricultural wastes in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.

Efficient adsorption removal of carbamazepine from water by dual-activator modified hydrochar

The decontamination of trace micropollutants from water environments is a widely concerned issue, and developing green and efficient adsorbent serves as an effective solution. In this study, using dual-activator modification method, an efficient hydrochar adsorbent was prepared through a two-step sequential process combining H3PO4 hydrothermal treatment with K2CO3 pyrolysis activation for carbamazepine (CBZ) adsorption removal. The results indicated that H3PO4 facilitated the K2CO3 activation process. The prepared hydrochar exhibited excellent adsorption properties due to its high specific surface area (1265.08 m2·g−1) and aromatic porous mesh structure, with the maximum and dynamic adsorption capacity for CBZ of 376.11 and 296.98 mg·g−1, respectively. The adsorption mechanism primarily involved pore-filling effects, π-π electron-donor–acceptor (EDA) interactions and hydrophobic interactions. Additionally, the obtained hydrochar material showed high adsorption efficiency for various pollutants and performed well in actual water samples. This study may provide theoretical and technical support for the development and application of high-efficiency hydrochar-based adsorbents.

Optimization of graphene polypyrrole for enhanced adsorption of moxifloxacin antibiotic: an experimental design approach and isotherm investigation

The presence of antibiotics in water systems had raised a concern about their potential harm to the aquatic environment and human health as well as the possible development of antibiotic resistance. Herein, this study investigates the power of adsorption using graphene-polypyrrole (GRP-PPY) nanoparticles as a promising approach for the removal of Moxifloxacin HCl (MXF) as a model antibiotic drug. GRP-PPY nanoparticles synthesis was performed with a simple and profitable method, leading to the formation of high surface area particles with excellent adsorption properties. Characterization was assessed with various techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Box-Behnken experimental design was developed to optimize the adsorption process. Critical parameters such as initial antibiotic concentration, nanoparticle concentration, and pH were investigated. The Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fit to the experimental data, indicating multilayer adsorption of MXF onto the GRP-PPY-NP. As a result, a high adsorption capacity of MXF (92%) was obtained in an optimum condition of preparing 30 μg/mL of the drug to be adsorbed by 1 mg/mL of GRP-PPY-NP in pH 9 within 1 h in a room temperature. Moreover, the regeneration and reusability of GRP-PPY-NP were investigated. They could be effectively regenerated for 3 cycles using appropriate desorption agents without significant loss in adsorption capacity. Overall, this study highlights the power of GRP-PPY-NP as a highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of MXF from wastewater as it is the first time to use this NP for a pharmaceutical product which shows the study's novelty, and the findings provide valuable insights into the development of sustainable and effective wastewater treatment technologies for combating antibiotic contamination in aquatic environments.

Adsorption and gas sensing properties of Pdn(n=1–3) cluster-modified PtSe2 on transformer fault characterizing gases under biaxial strain and electric field

In this study, the adsorption behavior of three DGA gases (C2H2, C2H4, and CO) on monolayers of PtSe2 doped with metal clusters Pdn(n=1–3) was investigated using density-functional theory (DFT). The critical influence of the Pd clusters on the sensitivity of PtSe2 gas is revealed by in-depth analysis of the geometrical structure of the adsorption system, DCD, ELF, DOS and band gap. The results show that the detection performance of intrinsic PtSe2 monolayer is poor. However, the doping of Pdn(n=1–3) fundamentally changes the adsorption behavior of PtSe2 on C2H2 and C2H4 from an adsorptive to an exothermic reaction, and endows it with excellent adsorption, desorption, and gas sensitivity properties. In addition, the introduction of external electric field and biaxial strain can significantly change the charge transfer, band gap, and adsorption energy of each adsorption system, which suggests that the Pdn(n=1–3)-PtSe2 monolayer has excellent tunability and can be strain-modulated for gas detection.

Functional properties and continuous adsorption process of Arenga pinnata shell and its porous biochars for aqueous methylene blue removal

Arenga pinnata shell, an agricultural-processing residue, was used as an alternative precursor for synthesizing Arenga pinnata shell particles (ASP), Arenga pinnata shell biochar (ASB), and Arenga pinnata shell activated biochar (ASAB) for methylene blue (MB) adsorption. Optimized adsorbent was observed for ASAB fabricated via an impregnation ratio of KOH to ASP of 0.5:1 (w/w) at 700 °C for 30 min of activation time under N2 pyrolysis, with a surface area, pore volume, and average pore diameter of 967 m2/g, 0.572 cm3/g, and 2.47 nm, respectively. The adsorbent also possesses the largest carbon constituent (90.4 %), negative surface charge (−36.4 mV), and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups. Dynamic MB adsorption properties on the adsorbents from the aqueous environment under continuous mode at 25 °C were determined using the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models. Although the ASP and ASB presented comparatively favorable adsorption properties, the optimum adsorption performance was observed for the ASAB. Its superior functional features contributed to the largest adsorption capacity of 203.86 mg/g. The elemental composition analysis indicated the presence of sulfur on the ASAB surface, which supported the findings. This research demonstrates the utility of Arenga pinnata shell as an eco-friendly precursor for high-performance adsorbent fabrication with excellent MB adsorption properties.

Investigation on the adsorption characteristics of activated carbons in the sub-Kelvin 4He sorption cooler

The adsorption characteristics of the selected activated carbon have an important effect on the performance of the sub-Kelvin helium sorption cooler. In this paper, a test system for the adsorption amount of the carbons based on a G-M cooler was built, which has the advantages of being detachable and high gas seal performance. The adsorption isotherm of the three carbons (5.3 K-40 K, 0–0.6 MPa) for 4He were experimentally tested, and the data were fitted according to the Dubinin theory. In addition, the calculation methods of sorption cooler were summarized and a model of cooling power prediction was established. Based on the above theoretical model and experimental data, a carbon with high specific surface area and excellent adsorption properties was selected as filler, and a prototype of 4He sorption cooler was developed. The lowest temperature and holding time of the prototype are 923 mK and 8.47 h, respectively, in good agreement with the theoretical model. The model and the experimental method can provide reference for the design of sorption coolers at sub-Kelvin temperatures.

Fine-scale measurements unravel the side effects of biochar capping on the bioavailability and mobility of phosphorus in sediments

Biochar is widely used for sediment remediation owing to its excellent adsorption properties and low carbon footprint. However, the impacts of biochar capping on phosphorus (P) bioavailability and mobility in the sediment are little known. In this study, the P mobilization processes in sediments capped with biochar were investigated by combining advanced high-resolution sampling techniques and microbiome analysis. The results showed that biochar is a double-edged sword for the sediment P release, depending on the application dosage and the capping time. In the short term (30 days), 2-cm biochar capping decreased the release flux of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) by 73.1%, whereas the 1-cm biochar capping significantly increased the release flux of SRP by 51.0%. After aging of biochar (80 days), the resupply capacity of sediment P was improved, resulting in increases of more than 33.7% and 121.5% in the release fluxes of SRP in the 1-cm and 2-cm capping groups, respectively, compared to the control group. Chemisorption played a pivotal role in regulating the levels of SRP, particularly during the short-term capping period. And more biochar can provide more adsorption sites on P. The P mobilization increase could be attributed to P desorption from biochar after biochar aging. Furthermore, biochar capping intensified the microbial-mediated iron reduction and organic matter decomposition, which enhanced P mobility. Our study highlights the importance of biochar application dosage and the capping time in sediment remediation, providing a scientific basis for the optimization of biochar capping techniques.Graphical

Knowledge graph and development hotspots of biochar as an emerging aquatic antibiotic remediator: A scientometric exploration based on VOSviewer and CiteSpace

As an emerging material in the field of environmental remediation, biochar produced by carbonisation of organic solid waste has been widely used in the remediation of antibiotic wastewater due to its environmental friendliness and excellent adsorption properties. This study analyses the current literature in the field in a comprehensive and scientific manner using CiteSpace and VOSviewer technologies. Between 2011 and 2023, a total of 1162 papers were published in this domain, spanning three distinct stages: applied methods, mechanism investigation, and enhanced improvement. The results of keyword clustering indicate that the remediation of antibiotics complexed with multiple pollutants by biochar is the main research topic, followed by the remediation of antibiotics by biochar in combination with other technologies. Furthermore, drawing from current research hotspots in antibiotic remediation using biochar, this study identified the pivotal mechanisms involved: (1) The primary mechanisms by which raw biochar remediates antibiotics include π-π electron donor-acceptor interactions, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, hydrogen-bonding, and pore filling. (2) Steam activation, acid/base, metal salt/metal oxide, and clay mineral modification can improve the physical/chemical properties of biochar, enhancing its adsorptive removal of antibiotics. (3) Biochar activated persulfate and degraded antibiotics via free radical pathways (SO4−•, •OH and O2−•) as well as non-free radical pathways (1O2 and electron transfer). In addition, the challenge and prospect of biochar engineering applications for antibiotic remediation lies in improving the main mechanism of antibiotic remediation by biochar. The prospective utilization of biochar in enhancing the remediation of antibiotic-related pollutants holds tremendous value for the future.

Synthesis Strategies, Preparation Methods, and Applications of Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks (CMOFs) is a kind of material with great application value in recent years. Formed by the coordination of metal ions or metal clusters with organic ligands. It has ordered and adjustable pores, multi-dimensional network structure, large specific surface area and excellent adsorption properties. This material structure combines the properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with the chiral properties of chiral molecules. It has great advantages in catalysis, adsorption, separation and other fields. Therefore, it has a wide range of applications in chemistry, biology, medicine and materials science. In this paper, various synthesis strategies and preparation methods of chiral metal-organic frameworks are reviewed from different perspectives, and the advantages of each method are analyzed. In addition, the applications of chiral metal-organic framework materials in enantiomer recognition and separation, circular polarization luminescence and asymmetric catalysis are systematically summarized, and the corresponding mechanisms are discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of the development of chiral metal-organic frame materials are analyzed in detail.