Excellent Activity Research Articles

Integration of high-entropy nanozyme and hollow In2S3 nanotube heterostructures decorated with WO3 for ultrasensitive PEC aptasensing of highly toxic mycotoxin

As a highly toxic mycotoxin, patulin threatens human and animal health. Herein, a new signal amplification strategy was designed for photoelectrochemical (PEC) analysis of patulin based on nanotube-like In2S3/WO3 heterostructures with the assistance of PtRuFeCoW high-entropy alloy nanorods (HEANRs). Specifically, the prominent photoactivity of the In2S3/WO3 was investigated by UV−vis diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy, coupled by elaborating the photoelectron transport mechanism in detail. Simultaneously, the excellent peroxidase-like activity of the PtRuFeCoW HEANRs was certificated mainly by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. On such foundation, the PtRuFeCoW HEANRs modified capture DNA was cast onto the In2S3/WO3 based photoanode for catalyzing 4-chloro-1-naphthol (4-CN) oxidation to form insoluble benz-4-chloro-hexadienone (4-CD) precipitate in the presence of H2O2, ultimately weakening the PEC currents. The resulting PEC sensor exhibited a wider detection range from 0.1 pg mL−1 to 500 ng mL−1 and a lower detection limit was down to 0.063 pg mL−1 (S/N = 3). The HEANRs nanozyme assisted PEC method holds great promise for ultrasensitive detection of environmental pollutants in practice.

Enhancement photocatalytic activity of CeO2 infused CA@Gelatin nanocomposites for the degradation of organic dyes under UV-light irradiation

In the present study, facile 100 % recoverable handpicked CeO2/CA@GEL (CA; Cellulose acetate, GEL; Gelatine) nanocomposite thin film photocatalyst were successfully synthesized by simple solution cast method. The efficacy of the CeO2/CA@GEL was tested against the photodegradation of organic dyes viz Crystal violet (CV) and Rhodamine-B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. The CeO2/CA@GEL exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity, durability and utmost 80.52 % (CV) and 82.65 % (RhB) degradation of the dye solution was achieved within 60 min. The CeO2/CA@GEL showed the excellent degradation efficiency compared to pure CeO2 Nanoparticles. The reactive oxidative species involved in the photocatalytic reaction is superoxide radical anion (O2 radical) and OH radical under visible light irradiation by trapping experiments. The 100 % recovery of the photocatalyst was achieved by simple handpicking process and stable unto its 3rd usage.

Density functional theory studies on dehydrogenation of methanol to formaldehyde on Pt(1 1 1) surface at different coverage

Platinum metal exhibits excellent catalytic activity and selectivity in many important chemical reactions. In this paper, density functional theory is used to study the adsorption configurations of oxygen in methanol on Pt(111) surface and dehydrogenation reaction (CH3OH → CH2O) at different coverage. It is found that methanol molecules prefer to adsorb at the top position of Pt(111) at various coverage levels. With the coverage increases, the adsorption capacity of methanol decreases rapidly, and then tends to flatten until the coverage reaches 1/6. The product of CH2O is formed by two-step dehydrogenation process. The energy barrier for both dehydrogenations increase first and then decreases with increasing coverage. The lowest energy barrier for both dehydrogenations occurs on the Pt(111) surface with coverage of 1/6 (Ea, OH = 0.66 eV, Ea, CH = 0.16 eV). Therefore, coverage of 1/6 is the optimal coverage for CH3OH generating CH2O on the Pt(111) surface.

Interfacial engineering of CoP-MoO2/NF heterojunction for high-efficient hydrogen evolution reaction coupled with 5-hydroxymethylfuran electrooxidation

Achieving efficient production of hydrogen and obtaining high value-added products can maximize energy efficiency, but challenging. Herein, a nanoarray-structured heterojunction catalyst (CoP-MoO2/NF) was proposed as a potent bifunctional electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 5-hydroxymethylfuran oxidation reaction (HMFOR). Density Functional Theory (DFT) showed that heterojunction enhanced the adsorption of reactants on the electrocatalyst surface, the CoP-MoO2/NF exhibits excellent HER activity with an overpotential of 37 mV and a Tafel slope of 43 mV·dec−1 at 10 mA·cm−2. Also, nearly 100% HMF conversion and 98.6% FDCA selectivity demonstrate the favorable performance of the material toward HMFOR. The work here shows a way for producing hydrogen in the future that is low-cost, efficient, reliable and also adds value to the final product.

In situ exsolution of Pt nanoparticles on low Pt-substituted A-site deficient perovskite for efficient CO oxidation

Platinum nanoparticles often lose their efficacy in challenging working environments. In this study, we developed a novel approach for the preparation of highly dispersed precious metal catalysts. The method involves the utilization of composite materials consisting of PtOx/(LC)0.9MP, achieved through the exsolution of a low Pt substituted A-site deficient perovskite (La0.97Ce0.03)0.9Mn0.99Pt0.01O3 ((LC)0.9MP). This procedure facilitates the in situ exsolution of Pt nanoparticles from (LC)0.9MP through heat treatment under 10 vol% H2/Ar environment. During this process, PtOx undergoes transformation to Pt0, exhibiting a high CO catalytic oxidation activity, with the T100(CO) decreasing from 213 to 141 °C. This capability primarily stems from the substantial number of oxygen vacancies and alterations in Pt species induced by the catalyst during the redox process. The active Pt nanoparticles are strongly integrated on the surface of (LC)0.9MP, demonstrate excellent CO oxidation activity and stability. This performance is attributed to the specific structure of perovskite. Upon reoxidation, these particles do not undergo direct reincorporation into the lattice structure. Instead, NPs result in the formation of stable, anchored oxide nanoparticles. This strategy can be extended to other metals oxides catalysts, thus may help the rational design of highly efficient transition metal oxide-based catalysts and beyond.

Fe (III)–porphyrin complex as an efficient and recyclable homogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of pyrano thiazole 6-carbonitrile derivatives in aqueous medium

In this study, the Fe(III)–porphyrin complex (FePOphy complex) was successfully utilized as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for a one-pot, three-component reaction involving aromatic aldehydes, 2,4-thiazolidenedione, and malononitrile. This reaction led to the synthesis of pyrano thiazole 6-carbonitrile derivatives under environmentally friendly conditions. The structures of the formed compounds were determined through elemental and spectral analyses including infrared (IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, CHN and mass spectrometry, confirming the successful synthesis of the desired products. The reactions were conducted in a compassionate environment using a green solvent (H2O/EtOH). The outcomes demonstrated the excellent catalytic activity and selectivity of the complexes, which led to good yields of the intended products. As a result, the study offers useful information on the FePOphy complex’ synthetic uses, and the creation of effective and environmentally acceptable catalysts, and emphasizes their potential as powerful catalysts for a variety of organic transformations. This strategy’s simplicity, safety, commercially accessible catalyst, stability, fast reaction time, and outstanding yields may be used in the industry in the future.

Highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation of PtPdy nanoframe/2D-CdS: Shape-controlled preparation and property modulation

This work focuses on the structure design of Pt-based alloys, and their influences on 2D-CdS semiconductor photocatalyst in hydrogen (H2) generation reaction from water-splitting under visible light, using traditional experimental techniques and DFT calculations as Pd concave nanocube (Pd CNCs) as a template, PtPdx alloy with cuboctahedron core-shell structure (PtPdx NPs) and cuboctahedron nanoframe (PtPdy NFs) were successfully synthesized via wet chemical routes. The structure of Pt-based alloys was certified by XRD, HRTEM, XPS, and ICP. The Pt-based co-catalysts were photo-deposited on 2D-CdS in an aqueous solution of (NH4)2SO3 while the reaction for photo-generating of H2 occurred. The obtained photocatalysts show excellent activity towards hydrogen generation, i.e., in ascending order, Pd CNCs/2D-CdS (46.1 mmol/h/g) < PtPd1.8 NPs/2D-CdS (55.4 mmol/h/g) < PtPd0.2 NFs/2D-CdS (71.7 mmol/h/g, QE=61.46%, λ=420 nm). Photoelectrochemical tests, ESR, and work functions results indicate that PtPd0.2 NFs have excellent photoelectrochemical performance, the longest lifetime of electrons, and the highest work function, respectively. Moreover, DFT calculations unveil that PtPd0.2 has the largest surface energy and the lowest activation energy ΔGH* which results in the fast charge transfer rate at the PtPd0.2/2D-CdS interface. This work offers a novel thought into the structural design of Pt-based co-catalysts applied in photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water-splitting.

Novel Sulfoximine Derivatives Containing Cyanoguanidine and Nitroguanidine Moieties: Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivities.

A total of 32 novel sulfoximines bearing cyanoguanidine and nitroguanidine moieties were designed and synthesized by a rational molecule design strategy. The bioactivities of the title compounds were evaluated and the results revealed that some of the target compounds possessed excellent antifungal activities against six agricultural fungi, including Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium graminearum, Phytophthora capsici, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, and Pyricularia grisea. Among them, compounds 8e1 and 8e4 exhibited significant efficacy against P. grisea with EC50 values of 2.72 and 2.98 μg/mL, respectively, which were much higher than that of commercial fungicides boscalid (47.95 μg/mL). Interestingly, in vivo assays determined compound 8e1 possessed outstanding activity against S. sclerotiorum with protective and curative effectiveness of 98 and 95.6% at 50 μg/mL, which were comparable to those of boscalid (93.2, 91.9%). The further preliminary mechanism investigation disclosed that compound 8e1 could damage the structure of the cell membrane of S. sclerotiorum, increase its permeability, and suppress its growth. Overall, the findings enhanced that these novel sulfoximine derivatives could be potential lead compounds for the development of new fungicides.

Inhibition of LPS-Induced Skin Inflammatory Response and Barrier Damage via MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway by Houttuynia cordata Thunb Fermentation Broth.

Houttuynia cordata Thunb is rich in active substances and has excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Scanning electron microscopy and gel permeation chromatography were used to analyze the molecular characteristics of the fermentation broth of Houttuynia cordata Thunb obtained through fermentation with Clavispora lusitaniae (HCT-f). The molecular weight of HCT-f was 2.64265 × 105 Da, and the polydispersity coefficient was 183.10, which were higher than that of unfermented broth of Houttuynia cordata Thunb (HCT). By investigating the active substance content and in vitro antioxidant activity of HCT-f and HCT, the results indicated that HCT-f had a higher active substance content and exhibited a superior scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals and hydroxyl radicals, with IC50 values of 11.85% and 9.01%, respectively. Our results showed that HCT-f could effectively alleviate the increase in the secretion of inflammatory factors and apoptotic factors caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, and had a certain effect on repairing skin barrier damage. HCT-f could exert an anti-inflammatory effect by down-regulating signaling in the MAPK/NF-κB pathway. The results of erythrocyte hemolysis and chicken embryo experiments showed that HCT-f had a high safety profile. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical basis for the application of HCT-f as an effective ingredient in food and cosmetics.

Phytochemical Profiling of Phragmites australis Leaf Extract and Its Nano-Structural Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anticancer Activities

AbstractFreshwater macrophytes have attracted interest as an alternative source of natural extracts and minerals for a variety of therapeutic uses. However, few studies have rigorously investigated the phytochemical components, properties, and potential biological benefits of Phragmites australis as an emergent macrophyte. This study investigates the phytochemical profile of aqueous Phragmites australis (PAE) leaves extract using chromatographic-mass spectrometry and free radical scavenging analysis. LC-QToF-MS/MS analysis in both positive and negative ionization revealed the existence of thirty and eleven bioactive compounds, respectively tentatively identified as alkaloids, flavonoids, indoles, glycosides, and quinolines from the extract. The polyphenolic content of the PAE was found to be 39.17 ± 0.65 mg GAE/g total phenol, while the flavonoids content was 19.85 ± 2.64 mg QE/g, and proanthocyanins content was 119.65 ± 1.70 CE/g. The PAE was utilized to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to evaluate its nano-structural formation efficiency, with the PAE displaying a greater ability to scavenge free radicals against ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP when compared with PA-AgNPs. Both PAE and PA-AgNPs were tested for their antimicrobial and anticancer activities and the results indicated that PA-AgNPs (MIC value range of 7.8–62.5 µg/mL) had excellent antimicrobial activity, compared to PAE. Moreover, the antiproliferative effect of PA-AgNPs on human cancer cells showed a higher cell-specific dose response and two-fold apoptotic induction with increased phosphorylation in the DNA ss-strand break post-treatment in MCF-7 than in A549 cells. These findings reveal the potential of the leaf extract of PA as a potent antioxidant source for many biological applications.

Ultrasmall copper nanodots eye drops for microenvironment regulation of diabetes retinopathy by relieving hypoxia and inhibiting HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the main cause of visual loss among blinding diseases. The pathological microenvironment, characterized by hypoxia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and oxidative stress, is critical to the onset and progression of DR. In this study, an ultrasmall (4–6 nm) copper nanodots was developed as nanozyme (Cu NZs) and dispersed in 2 % Methocel to formulate Cu NZs eye drops to relieve hypoxia and scavenge excrescent ROS for the effective treatment of DR. Due to its smaller size and higher specific surface area, Cu NZs exposes more active sites and can guarantee excellent antioxidant activity. The results of in vitro studies indicated that Cu NZs had biocompatible and protective effects on human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs), alleviating hypoxia in HRMECs, reducing oxidative stress, and inhibiting hypoxia-inducing factor-1α (HIF-1α)/ vascular endotheliogenesis factor (VEGF) signaling pathway. In an animal model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DR, Cu NZs eye drops have been shown to greatly relieve the hypoxic microenvironment of DR and inhibit the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF. CuNZs eye drops reduced inflammatory factors in the DR microenvironment, significantly reducing the progression of neovascularization and vascular leakage. And the nano-enzyme eye drops have no toxic side effects on the eyes and important organs of the whole body. This treatment mode based on the nano enzyme cascade reaction from comprehensive microenvironment regulation (hypoxia relief, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory), has excellent ability to treat DR. Although the nanoparticle is effective against DR in the short term at the cellular and animal levels, the long-term efficacy and safety remains to be evaluated.

Fully exposed copper single-atom sites on mesoporous N/S-codoped graphene for efficient zinc-air battery

Transition metal single-atom catalysts are recently emerging as the most potential candidates for the oxygen reduction reaction due to their remarkable activity and durability, yet subjected to limited availability proportion of active sites to reactant in practice due to the lack of favorable morphology. Herein, the ultrathin mesoporous N/S-codoped graphene is fabricated by a potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) assisted pyrolysis of metal-organic framework (ZIF-8) as the robust substrate for anchoring copper single-atom sites. The KSCN-assisted pyrolysis can not only create N and S coordination atoms but also regulate the fully exposed morphology. The graphene-supported copper single-atom catalysts (g-Cu-SACs) show typical mesoporous structure with larger surface area of 1612 m2 g–1. Spectral and microscopy results reveal highly isolated Cu single-atom sites on mesoporous graphene with unsymmetrical Cu-S1N3 structure. Theoretical analysis demonstrated that the asymmetric coordination environment effectively enhanced O2 adsorption and facilitated the ORR performance. The g-Cu-SACs show excellent catalytic activity in alkaline oxygen reduction reaction with a half-wave potential of 0.920 VRHE and good cycling stability, which are superior to that of three-dimensional copper single-atom catalysts (Cu-SACs, supported by N/S-codoped carbon framework directly derived from ZIF-8). Furthermore, the zinc-air battery assembled with g-Cu-SACs also exhibits high specific capacity and remarkable cycling lifetime. This work provides a novel strategy to construct highly exposed single-atom catalysts for energy-related applications.

Proposal of Simplified Standardization of the Cell-Growth-Promoting Activity of Human Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Culture Supernatants.

The conditioned medium (CM) obtained from mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) culture has excellent cell growth-promoting activity and is used for cosmetics and healthcare products. Unlike pharmaceuticals, strict efficacy verification is not legally required for these products. However, their efficacy must be substantiated as commercial products. We attempted to simplify CM production and to standardize the evaluation of the growth-promoting activity of CM. CM was obtained through the culturing of two lines of commercially available human adipose tissue-derived MSCs using MEMα with or without 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 24 h. Non-CM control media were produced by the same protocol without MSCs. Growth-promoting activities of the CM were estimated by [3H]-thymidine pulse. CM were subjected to molecular weight fractionation with ultrafiltration using 10 k-, 30 k-, 50 k-, and 100 k-membranes. The FBS-free CMs showed 1.34- to 1.85-fold increases and FBS-containing CMs showed 1.45- to 1.67-fold increases in proliferation-promoting activity compared with non-CM controls, regardless of the source of the cell. The thymidine incorporation levels were approximately three times higher in FBS-containing CMs. Aged cells also showed 1.67- to 2.48-fold increases in the activity due to FBS-containing CM, but not to FBS-free CM. The CM activities were sustained even after 1 year at 4 °C. Molecular weight fractionation showed that the activity was recovered in the fraction above 100 k. Clear and stable cell-growth-promoting activity was confirmed with CMs of commercially available adipose tissue MSCs. The activity was detected in the fraction over 100 k. We propose here the importance of standardizing the production and evaluation of CMs to indicate their specific action.

Conjugating HA bundles with ZIF-8 for catalytic degradation of tetracycline and antibacterial capacity

The overused of antibiotics had led to major environmental issues and drug-resistant bacteria, which inevitably harmed the environment and public health. In this work, in order to obtain environmentally friendly bi-functional materials to combat with residual antibiotics and bacterial contamination, ZIF-8, a typical Zn based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZnZIF) with excellent chemical stability, was conjugated to hydroxyapatite nanowire bundles (HAnBs) by a simple in-situ synthesis. The obtained ZnZIFs@HAnBs was characterized by SEM, EDS, XPS, FT-IR, XRD and BET. The effects of catalysts, catalyst dosage, TC initial concentration, PMS concentration and pH on TC degradation were investigated. Notably, ZnZIFs@HAnBs (94.0 %) exhibited excellent degradation effect of tetracycline (TC) within 15 min, which was 1.7 and 5.2 times than that of ZIF-8 (55.9 %) and HAnBs (18.1 %) under optimal conditions, respectively. Moreover, after recycling 10 times, the degradation rate still more than 86.8 %. The degradation mechanism was confirmed by free radical quenching experiment coupling with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and the 1O2 and O2•- were the major reactive oxygen species in TC degradation. Furthermore, it presented excellent antibacterial activity (95.0 %) against E. coli and S. aureus, which was attributed to the synergistic effect of sustained release of Zn2+ and phosphate in ZnZIF@HAnBs. In summary, an eco-friendly bi-functional materials of HA nanowire bundles could be synthesized by simple strategy, and it could be applied in the fields of environmental remediation, as well as in treatment of antibiotic and bacterial pollution.

A green approach to synthesis of Ag-doped CeO2 nanorods embedded reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for excellent photocatalytic and antimicrobial activity

In this paper, the Ag-doped cerium oxide nanorods embedded reduced graphene oxide (Ag@CeO2/rGO) nanocomposite was synthesized via Punica Granatum peel extract for for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The microstructural results confirmed the successful decoration of Ag-doped CeO2 nanorods on rGO matrix. The photocatalytic properties, including photocatalytic degradation, charge transfer kinetics and photocurrent generation, are systematically investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), photocurrent transient response (PCTR) and open circuit voltage decay (OCVD). The results of photocatalytic dye degradation measurements indicated that Ag@CeO2/rGO nanocomposite is more effective than pristine CeO2 to degrade the MB dye, and the degradation rate reached 100 % in 60 min. The decomposition of MB with Ag@CeO2/rGO nanostructure followed first-order reaction kinetics with a reaction rate constant (Ka) of 0.0198 min−1. The EIS and OCVD measurements revealed that the Ag doping and incorporation of rGO could suppress the recombination probability in CeO2 by the separation of photo-generated electron–hole pairs, which leads to the enhanced photocurrent generation and photocatalytic activity. The photocurrent density of Ag@CeO2/rGO, CeO2/rGO and pristine CeO2 are 215, 167.4 and 98.8 mAcm−2, respectively.

Engineering a staggered type-II Bi2WO6/WO3 heterojunction with improved photocatalytic activity in wastewater treatment

In recent years, the removal organic pollutants from wastewater by advanced oxidation processes, especially photocatalysis, has become a meaningful approach due to its eco-friendliness and low cost. Herein, staggered type-II Bi2WO6/WO3 heterojunction photocatalysts were prepared by a facile hydrothermal route and investigated by modern physicochemical methods (X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy). The optimized BWOW-5 photocatalyst exhibited a H2O2-assisted photocatalytic methylene blue removal efficiency of 94.1% (k = 0.01414 min−1) within 180 min under optimal reaction conditions, which is much higher than that of unmodified Bi2WO6 and WO3 due to efficient separation of the photogenerated charge carriers. The trapping experiments demonstrated that photogenerated hydroxyl radicals and holes play a key role in the photodegradation reaction. Moreover, the optimized BWOW-5 heterojunction photocatalyst exhibited excellent activity in the H2O2-assisted degradation of other pollutants, namely phenol, isoniazid, levofloxacin, and dibenzothiophene with the removal rate of 63.1, 73.6, 95.0, and 72.4%, respectively. This investigation offers a design strategy for Bi2WO6-based multifunctional photocatalytic composites with improved activity for organic pollutant degradation.

Construction of a novel Cu2(OH)3F/Cu2O n-p heterojunction by in-situ reduction: photo-Fenton-like synergistic promotion of efficient Cu2+/Cu+ cycling

Cu-based Fenton-like systems have demonstrated high effectiveness in the degradation of organic pollutants, however, challenges still exist to overcome the sluggish cycling of metal ions and fast activation of reactants. Herein, a novel n-p type Cu2(OH)3F/Cu2O photo-Fenton-like catalyst (CFC) was prepared with in-situ reduction of Cu2(OH)3F and applied for tetracycline hydrochloride degradation. Under optimized condition, the target catalyst (CFC-5) showed excellent activity, achieving a degradation efficiency of approximately 99.93 % in 30 min. The reaction rate constant with CFC-5 was 4.10 and 3.26 times higher than that of Cu2(OH)3F and Cu2O, respectively. Moreover, the Cu2(OH)3F/Cu2O catalyst exhibited highly cycling stability and broad applicability. The results illustrate that construction of Cu2(OH)3F/Cu2O composites facilitates the charge separation and enhances Cu2+/Cu+ cycling, which benefits the generation of highly oxidizing active species and thus significantly improved the degradation efficiency. Besides, this study offers a versatile method to construct inexpensive and efficient photo-Fenton-like heterojunction catalysts.

Valorization of Wine Lees: Assessment of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Wine Lees Extract and Incorporation in Chitosan Films

AbstractWine lees, as one of the main by-products of winery wastes, is considered a rich source of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. Recovery of such bioactive compounds would amplify the valorization of winery by-products, as well as promote their use in cosmetics and health applications. Towards this aim, the objective of this work is the recovery of phenolic compounds from wine lees by ultrasound-assisted extraction. The effect of extraction time, and ethanol content on the extraction yield of total phenolics was investigated, while the phenolic profile of the extract was monitored by GC-MS. Under the optimized conditions, the total phenolic content was calculated at 302.6 mg gallic acid equivalents g− 1 dry extract; the dry extract was investigated for its biological activities, exhibiting excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Moreover, the extract was found to be a potent inhibitor of tyrosinase, elastase, collagenase, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase with IC50 values of 53.3, 83.5, 82.7, 19.0, and 31.3 µg mL− 1, respectively. Finally, the wine lees dry extract was incorporated into chitosan films, reinforcing the properties of the films, and providing them with excellent antioxidant activity. The results support that wine lees extract exhibits high antioxidant activity and can be used as a highly efficient inhibitor of enzymes with pharmaceutical and health interest. Moreover, the chitosan film enriched with wine lees extract is a promising material with high antioxidant potential and can lead to the development of novel food packaging films in the food industry. Graphical Abstract

Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effect of Rosa davurica Pall Seed Oil on CCl4-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice.

The liver, being the most metabolically active organ, is highly vulnerable to damage caused by oxidative stress. Rosa davurica Pall. seed oil (RDPO), a novel vegetable oil, and its bioactive components have been extensively researched in the field of antioxidants. In this research, the antioxidant properties and hepatoprotection by RDPO were evaluated. A series of antioxidant evaluation systems and a CCl4-induced acute liver injury model in mice were used to investigate the antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective efficacy of RDPO. The results showed that the extraction rate of RDPO was 11.12% using the optimal extraction process. Three major unsaturated fatty acids of the oil were α-linolenic acid (11.89 ± 0.017%), linoleic acid (18.52 ± 0.072%), and oleic acid (11.54 ± 0.425%). Furthermore, its antioxidant small-molecule compounds were β-sitosterol (1.429 ± 0.002 μg/g), α-tocopherol (1.273 ± 0.079 μg/g), β-carotene (0.012 ± 0.001 μg/g), lycopene (0.108 ± 0.002 μg/g), squalene (178.950 ± 0.794 μg/g), total polyphenols (1.114 ± 0.032 μg GAE/mg), and total flavonoids (0.504 ± 0.009 mg RU/g), respectively. In vitro, RDPO significantly inhibited the production of ABTS+•, DPPH•, O2•-, and hydroxyl radicals, as well as Fe3+. In vivo, RDPO significantly reversed the activity of total superoxide-dismutase, catalase, L-glutathione, and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue. It also obviously inhibited the activity of aspartate transaminase (AST) and the level of MDA in the serum. Therefore, RDPO has demonstrated excellent antioxidant activity and a potential liver protective effect. This effect may be ascribed to its capacity for decreasing AST activity, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and boosting endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity. Therefore, RDPO has significant application value in the biopharmaceutical industry and as a dietary supplement.

Nonradical-dominated peroxymonosulfate activation by perylenetetracarboxylic acid nanosheet photocatalyst for efficient degradation of bisphenol a under visible-light irradiation

As a green, highly efficient, and sustainable technology, photocatalytic peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation is a promising strategy for wastewater treatment. Moreover, the development of photocatalysts with excellent PMS activation performance is highly desirable for removing refractory organic contaminants from wastewater. Herein, perylenetetracarboxylic acid (PTA) nanosheets obtained using a facile method were explored as a highly efficient photocatalyst with a high PMS activation ability for bisphenol A (BPA) removal. Experimental results indicated that BPA can be removed within 16 min using PTA under optimal conditions. As confirmed through radical quenching, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, galvanic-oxidation-process experiments, and density functional theory calculations, photoinduced electrons and holes from PTA trigger PMS activation and thereby convert the reaction routes of BPA degradation from radical- to nonradical-dominated. The BPA degradation pathway was also studied using intermediate analysis and Fukui functions. Overall, the findings of this study shed light on organic semiconductor photocatalysts for nonradical-dominated PMS activation with regard to recalcitrant-organic-pollutant removal.