Excellent Abrasion Resistance Research Articles

A simple efficient strategy of wood protection derived from essential oil-based superhydrophobic coatings with excellent abrasion and mildew resistance

A simple efficient strategy of wood protection derived from essential oil-based superhydrophobic coatings with excellent abrasion and mildew resistance

Study of the Influence of Desert Sand-Mineral Admixture on the Abrasion Resistance of Concrete.

The incorporation of desert sand-mineral admixture improves the abrasion resistance of concrete. To prolong the service life of assembled concrete channels and mitigate the depletion of river sand resources, the effects of fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), desert sand (DS), and basalt fiber (BF) on the mechanical properties and the abrasion resistance of concrete were examined, alongside an analysis of their microstructures to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of influence. The results indicated that the abrasion resistance strength of concrete mixed with 10% FA and 0.05% BF alone increased by 80.19% and 81.59%, respectively, compared with ordinary concrete (OC). When SF was added to the concrete at a dosage of 10%, it improved the mechanical properties and the abrasion resistance of the concrete. Furthermore, adding SF resulted in a 12.50% increase in compressive strength and a 12.27% increase in abrasion resistance strength compared to OC. The addition of DS did not significantly enhance the concrete's abrasion resistance. The combination of ingredients for desert sand concrete (DSC) that provides excellent abrasion resistance was determined using an orthogonal experiment. The optimal mixture consisted of 10% FA content, 10% SF content, 40% DS content, and 0.05% BF content, which increased the abrasion resistance strength by 112.95% compared to OC. Through microscopic analysis, it is found that the width of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) is an important factor in determining the abrasion resistance of concrete, and a narrower ITZ enhances the concrete's abrasion resistance. The study's findings could function as a theoretical reference for the engineering design of DSC.

The wear resistance of micro spade drills and D-shaped tool materials

High-speed steel (HSS) is commonly used in producing micro-cutting tools due to its excellent abrasive wear resistance, especially under high rotational speeds and low thermal activation conditions. Numerous studies have focused on enhancing the microstructural properties of HSS further to improve the wear resistance of these micro tools. However, abrasive machining processes like grinding and lapping are employed during the manufacturing of micro tools such as spade drills, milling cutters, and taps. In these processes, controlling the wear rate is crucial, as it directly impacts the achievable material removal rate. Therefore, maintaining wear rate stability is more critical than only measuring the total amount of wear. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the wear of HSS with various microstructures using a variation of the pin-abrasion test (PAT). Pins of M3 class 2 (referred to as M3/2) HSS obtained from three different manufacturers were tested using SiC abrasive articles (320# mesh) under a constant load of 0.35 MPa and variable rotary speeds between 0.5 and 6.0 m/s. The materials were evaluated, and the type and quantity of primary carbides (MC and M6C) present in their microstructures were determined with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results demonstrated a relationship between wear behavior and carbide size and distribution: materials with larger carbides with a non-uniform distribution exhibited greater wear rate instability. This implies that micro tools made from HSS should have a microstructure characterized by a uniform distribution of small carbide particles to ensure stability during fabrication. Additionally, a method for testing wear rate stability was proposed.

Multilevel superhydrophobic fin-like microstructure with excellent abrasion resistance and drag reduction via high-accuracy femtosecond laser etching

Multilevel superhydrophobic fin-like microstructure with excellent abrasion resistance and drag reduction via high-accuracy femtosecond laser etching

Fabrication of a Composite Paper-Based Material for Fog Collection and Purification Enabled by Passive Radiative Cooling and Wettability Regulation.

Obtaining clean freshwater resources with high efficiency is a global concern and plays a vital role in the sustainable development of human society. In this study, purified freshwater was obtained via condensation and collection of water and organic fog using a composite paper-based material with spectral selectivity and proper wettability. By reflecting ∼91% of sunlight and radiating >96% of thermal infrared rays, the composite paper-based material can reach a daytime maximum temperature drop of 5.2 °C compared to pristine paper and 6.7 °C compared to environmental temperature. Furthermore, surface wettability can be easily adjusted by optimizing the wettability of the nanoparticles. Under the combined effect of excellent passive daytime radiative cooling performance and an appropriate wettability range, a maximum water collection rate of 332.09 mg/cm2·h under dynamic vapor atmosphere and 245.10 mg/cm2·h under static vapor atmosphere were obtained. Even for mixed organic fogs, purified water can be collected after organic fog condensation because of its high selectivity for different liquids. In addition, the composite paper-based material exhibited excellent abrasion resistance and has great potential for long-term use and reuse. This composite paper-based material can obtain freshwater via water and organic fog condensation and collection under direct sunlight, which is helpful in alleviating freshwater shortages.

Novel Spherical Copper Two-Component Self-Curing Adhesive for Heterogeneous Bonding Conductive Thermal Device Application with Carbon Dioxide Reduction

This study is dedicated to the development of a two-liquid spherical copper-based adhesive designed to optimize the metal joining process to achieve environmental goals, simplify operational steps, and reduce manufacturing costs. Conventional metal joining methods, such as soldering and chemical plating, are not only cumbersome and energy-consuming in terms of steps, but also cause serious environmental problems, including high carbon emissions and the generation of hazardous plating wastewater, which is costly to treat. The two-liquid spherical copper-based adhesive proposed in this study is intended to replace these conventional techniques and solve the above problems through a more environmentally friendly and cost-effective bonding method. This innovative bonding technology not only reduces the environmental impact, reduces the process flow of metal joining, and lowers the production cost. First, the two-liquid spherical copper-based adhesive used in this experiment was cured by room temperature curing. Adhesive refers to the substance that can realize the connecting effect of materials, also known as adhesive or bonding agent.After the adhesive is applied to the surface of the substrate, a certain curing process is required to achieve the bonding of the substrate. This process involves a chemical reaction that hardens the adhesive and forms a strong bond between the two surfaces.In this study, we performed cure time and thickness measurements using a two-liquid spherical copper-based adhesive. two-liquid spherical copper-based adhesive was able to cure in 45 minutes at 40°C. We measured the thickness of the two-liquid spherical copper-based adhesive and the results showed an average thickness of 25 µm. This data provides an important reference for this experiment.In Figure 1, a tensile test of a metal sheet is shown. The results show that the metal sheet coated with the two-liquid spherical copper-based adhesive had a tension of 208 N in the tensile test. This demonstrates the excellent torsional properties of the adhesive in bonding technology., including significant shear strength.Next, a thermal conductivity test was conducted. After keeping the heating plate at 100°C, the metal sheet shown in Figure 2, coated with a two-component copper-metal adhesive, was placed in a 100°C temperature environment for 5 minutes. The test results showed that the temperature of the sheet metal remained at 32°C. This may be due to the adhesive being applied to the metal sheet. This may be due to the excellent thermal conductivity of the adhesive, which can quickly transfer heat from the surface of the sheet metal to the surrounding environment so that the temperature of the surface of the sheet metal is consistent with that of the surrounding environment. In addition, the two-liquid copper-metal adhesive for heat transfer coefficient has been verified by a third party (TECHMAX TECHNICAL CO., LTD) with a thermal conductivity of 87W/mK. This result further confirms the excellent performance of the adhesive in terms of thermal conductivity. This result further validates the excellent performance of the adhesive in terms of thermal conductivity. Finally, the two-liquid spherical copper-based adhesive was applied to the AI server for adhesion testing. First, the hot plate was heated to 100°C and then the server was left to stand for 10 minutes. During this period, the temperature of the server shown in Figure 3 increased from the initial 33°C to 38°C and remained stable for the next 10 minutes. This process demonstrated the excellent thermal conductivity of the two-liquid spherical copper-based adhesive used. Eliminates the need to heat the process to cure the adhesive and significantly reduces carbon emissions. The two-liquid spherical copper-based adhesive used in this experiment formed a strong bond after natural curing on the bonded surface, and at the same time had excellent heat resistance, high viscosity, and abrasion resistance. Excellent heat dissipation characteristics can be utilized in high power consumption component-to-component adhesives. This type of adhesive is not only excellent in terms of bond strength but also plays an important role in various industrial applications. Figure 1

Bioinspired Tilted Magnetized Flakes as a Self-Powered and Antislip Smart Outsole for Healthcare Monitoring and Human-Machine Interaction.

Footwear smart devices capable of reliably capturing body actions and conveniently transmitting human-made information are of great interest to advance healthcare monitoring, human-machine interactions (HMIs), etc. while remaining challenging. Herein, we present a self-powered, antislip, and multifunctional smart outsole based on the gecko toe-inspired tilted magnetized flakes (TMFs) and underlying flexible coils. With the pressure-induced flake deflection and the built-in magnetic moment alignment, the TMF can produce a variable magnetic field to induce the voltage signals in coils for precise pressure perception and linear velocity sensing. The TMF-based smart outsole can thus serve as a real-time footwear recorder to monitor various body actions for exercise analysis and to track the abnormal landing speed for alerting potential injuries. The gecko toe-like flakes also enable the excellent antislip capability of the outsole with a much higher friction coefficient than the standard one of the low slip risk. By programming the magnetic moment alignments of the TMFs, a single-circuit outsole can further output multiple signals as encoded instructions for controlling the racing game. Along with excellent abrasion resistance and environmental immunity, the proposed outsole exhibits great potential as a convenient platform for reliable healthcare monitoring and efficient HMI.

Achieving wide temperature range of gentle film boiling on textured hydrophobic tool surfaces

Hydrophobic tool surfaces have become a hot topic in recent years due to their significant advantages such as anti-adhesion and friction reduction. However, enhancing hydrophobicity would inadvertently decrease the Leidenfrost point of droplets, which diminishes the heat transfer efficiency and compromises manufacturing quality. This issue presents a considerable challenge and underscores the critical need to understand the boiling dynamics when droplets encounter heated hydrophobic surfaces. Herein, we propose a kind of textured hydrophobic tool surface based on laser processing and hydrophobic coating technology, which could achieve gentle film boiling across a wide temperature range. The raised micropillars protect hydrophobic coating with excellent abrasion resistance and stabilizes the droplets in the gentle film boiling regime under harsh conditions. The primary rationale behind this advancement is the reduction in the critical temperature for film boiling and the elevation of the critical temperature for droplet rebound. We have developed a predictive model for the Leidenfrost point, which has been experimentally validated to determine the wall temperature necessary for achieving the gentle film boiling regime. In addition, we found that the textured hydrophobic surface can still inhibit the bouncing and spreading of droplets at high temperatures. This study not only deepens our understanding of the effects of droplets on heated surfaces but also has the potential to improve manufacturing performance by consistently maintaining the hydrophobic properties of tool surfaces during cutting operations.

Superhydrophobic magnetically responsive fabric heater with triple thermal conversion for all-weather anti-icing/deicing

Incorporating innovative technology into functional fabrics extends their utility and addresses the daily challenges posed by fabric icing. Identifying effective anti-icing/deicing strategy is essential to mitigate the associated inconveniences. In this study, polypyrrole (PPy), Fe3O4 particles and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are used as the raw materials to design an all-weather anti-icing and deicing functional fabric PDMS/Fe3O4/PPy@PET, presenting the photothermal/electrothermal and electromagnetic induction thermal functions. This functional fabric exhibits excellent hydrophobic performance with the contact angle of 152° and effectively delayed the droplet freezing for 181 s on a −10 ℃ cold table. The photothermal effect can reach an equilibrium temperature of 74.3 ℃ at 1 sunlight intensity and melt a 3 mm thick ice layer in 841 s. The electrothermal performance reaches to 72.2 ℃ at 10 V voltage and the ice layer is melted within 1436 s. The excellent electromagnetic induction thermal performance can reach to 71.4 ℃ in 5 min at 8 V voltage, and completely melt the ice layer in 444 s. In addition, the fabric offers excellent durability, abrasion resistance and UV resistance, allowing for long-term outdoor use. This opens up new ideas for the development of anti-icing and deicing functional fabric.

Research on the development and performance of flexible protective fabrics with knitted structure

Personal protective textiles (PPTs) protect humans from sharp objects. However, PPTs are designed primarily for protective performance, and their stiff material and single function make them unsuitable for long-term wear. In this study, we developed flexible protective textiles using advanced flat knitting technology. These textiles offer excellent cut resistance, good abrasion resistance, high flexibility, and warmth-retention properties. A flexible protective fabric (FPF) with knitted structure was designed with an outer layer that provides cut and abrasion resistance, an intermediate layer, and an inner layer for heat storage. The study examined the cut resistance, abrasion resistance, flexibility, thermal management, breathability and stability of the developed fabrics. FPF has excellent abrasion and cut resistance. The cut resistance of the fabric was tested in three directions. The warp cutting load was 2145 gf, while the weft cutting load was 2347 gf. The diagonal cutting load was the largest at 2364 gf, resulting in an A5 cutting grade for high cutting hazards. Compared with other protective fabrics available on the market, FPF stands out due to its softness and the smallest bending stiffness in both the warp and weft directions. Additionally, it has excellent thermal management performance and breathability, providing 53% insulation and 146 mm/s breathability. Stability tests have shown that FPF has excellent color fastness to perspiration, good cleaning stability and aging stability for cut resistance, flexibility, warmth-retention properties and breathability.

Robust multifunctional superhydrophobic and photocatalytic composites with all-weather self-healing ability

Superhydrophobic surfaces with rapid self-healing ability are ideal for long-life superhydrophobic materials. The micro-nano rough structure has great influence on the superhydrophobicity, and the micro-dissolution cotton fabric can realize the stable load of nanoparticles. In this regard, we prepared multifunctional fabrics with an all-weather self-healing superhydrophobic layer and photocatalytic self-cleaning properties by spraying TiN and TiO2 on micro-dissolution-treated polypyrrole/cotton fabrics. The results show that the modified fabrics maintain superhydrophobicity even in harsh environments (water contact angle (WCA) up to 160.0°, water sliding angle (WSA) as low as 3.9°), with excellent abrasion resistance and stability. Even after the fabric loses superhydrophobicity due to ion etching, the superhydrophobicity can be quickly restored by photothermal or electrothermal treatment in 13 min. At the same time, the prepared multifunctional fabrics have hydrophobic and oleophilic properties, and possess good oil-water separation efficiency (98.8 %). After being contaminated by oil, the WCA recovers from 135.0° to 160.0° via the photocatalytic property of the fabric. In addition, the fabrics exhibit excellent de-icing effects. This research provides new opportunities to extend the life of superhydrophobic textiles with all-weather self-healing properties.

Ultraviolet-cured polyurea-polyurethane acrylate/polysiloxane hybrid anti-fouling coatings with superior mechanical properties, transparency, and durability

The demand for rapidly preparing omniphobic liquid-like anti-fouling coatings has become increasingly important across a wide range of applications. However, achieving a rapid fabrication process that results in coatings with effective anti-fouling properties, alongside the comprehensive performance of the coatings such as hardness, flexibility, transparency, and abrasion resistance, remains a significant challenge. Herein, this paper proposes a synergistic strategy combining ultraviolet (UV) curing and organic/inorganic hybridization, which involves the rapid cross-linking of hyperbranched methacryloxypropyl polysiloxanes (HMO), polyurea-polyurethanes acrylate (SPUA) and bis-vinyl terminated polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS-bvt) containing multiple double bonds under UV curing for just 60 s. Notably, HMO imparts excellent hardness (7H) and abrasion resistance, while SPUA enhances the coating's flexibility (2 mm bending diameter) and adhesion (5B). The anti-fouling properties of the coating are attributed to PDMS-bvt, which provides self-cleaning, anti-graffiti, and anti-fingerprint capabilities. Additionally, the coating's hydrophobicity and smooth surface significantly reduce ice adhesion strength (21.13 ± 6.9 kPa), offering a passive anti-icing effect. Furthermore, the coating exhibits excellent transparency, with a transmittance of >92 % in the visible region. The coating exhibits remarkable durability, maintaining its anti-fouling performance after exposure to mechanical abrasion (500 abrasion cycles and 1000 bending/release cycles), chemical corrosion (24 h of immersion in organic solutions), and UV aging (168 h). This strategy presents a fast and effective method for preparing multifunctional anti-fouling coatings, with potential applications on foldable screens, high-rise building glazing, and curved surfaces.

Recent advances in biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces: focusing on abrasion resistance, self-healing and anti-icing.

Superhydrophobic materials have been widely used in the fields of materials engineering and the coating industry due to their excellent abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance, anti-icing and antibacterial properties and have also attracted the attention of many researchers. However, in the process of application, their superhydrophobic surface is susceptible to external factors such as physical or chemical effects, resulting in the loss of low surface energy materials or the destruction of micro- and nano-rough structures, thus losing their superhydrophobic properties. This review describes the research progress in three aspects of superhydrophobic surfaces: abrasion resistance, self-healing, and anti-icing. Firstly, the definition and application of superhydrophobic surfaces, as well as the basic principle and mechanism of superhydrophobic surfaces are introduced. Then, the research status and improvement methods of superhydrophobic surfaces are presented in detail from three aspects, such as abrasion resistance, self-healing, and anti-icing. Finally, the research process of superhydrophobic surfaces is evaluated and prospected in order to provide a new perspective for the preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces with a wide range of applications and better performance.

Transparent, robust, and anti-fingerprint silicone coating with a three-dimensional cross-linked network enabled by hydrosilylation reaction

Silicone coatings with anti-smudge, anti-fingerprint, abrasion resistance, and ultraviolet (UV) resistance properties are increasingly demanded for touch screens as the development of artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction interfaces. Herein, a transparent, robust, and self-cleaning silicone coating was developed by incorporating cage-like structures and long carbon chains into a 3D cross-linked network via the rational combination of polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS), PSS-Octavinyl substituted (VPOSS), lauryl acrylate (LA), and 1,2-epoxy-4-vinylcyclohexane (EVCH) through hydrosilylation reaction with the presence of Karstedt catalysts. After introducing sealed diphenyliodonium phosphate (I-200), the silicone coating (PVLE-I-200) demonstrated excellent pencil hardness, anti-smudge, and abrasion resistance, and its average transmittance of visible light reached about 92 %. Owing to the low surface energy carbon chains, the coating showed amphiphobic properties and excellent anti-fingerprint property. The binding between cyclohexyl epoxy and glass substrate contributed to the high adhesion of the coating, which remained nearly intact and slightly reduced surface wettability after 500 friction cycles of sandpaper. In addition, the PVLE-I-200 coating demonstrated UV resistance which could withstand 200 h of UV irradiation attributed to the cage-like structure of VPOSS. The functional silicone coating provides insights into the development of environmentally friendly coatings for touch screens with high transparency, abrasion resistance, anti-smudge, and anti-fingerprint properties.

Conductive and superhydrophobic lignin/carbon nanotube coating with nest-like structure for deicing, oil absorption and wearable piezoresistive sensor

The development of multifunctional coatings is a trend. Here, a conductive and superhydrophobic coating with nest-like structure was prepared on the wood or polyurethane (PU) sponge by spraying or soaking methods. The coating contains lignin and carboxylated multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as the main materials, both methyl trimethoxysilane (MTMS) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the modifiers. And benefiting from the protective effect of the nest-like structure, the coating exhibits excellent abrasion resistance (withstanding 43 abrasion cycles), stability, and UV resistance (little change in water contact angle after 240 h of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation) by optimizing the proportions. Additionally, the coating provides eminent deicing (complete removal after 142.7 s) and self-cleaning on the wood, as well as the superior sensing performance and oil absorption (15.0–49.6 g/g for various oils) on the PU sponge. When assembled into compressible piezoresistive sensor, it could clearly sense the signals of rapid, short, circulation, different speed and deformation, possessing a prosperous wearable device prospect. It is envisaged that the coating supplies a new platform for superhydrophobicity, wearable electronics and oil absorption.

Building Chemical Interface Layers in Functionalized Graphene Oxide/Rubber Composites to Achieve Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Thermal Control Capability of Tires.

With the rapid development of the transport industry, there is a higher demand for environmental friendliness, durability, and stability of tires. Rubber composites with excellent mechanical properties, abrasion resistance, and low heat generation are very important for the preparation of green tires. In this study, the all-aqueous phase process was initially employed to prepare 2-Amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (AZT) functionalized graphene oxide (AGO). Subsequently, modified graphene oxide/silica/natural rubber (AGO/SiO2/NR) composites were obtained through latex blending and hot press vulcanization processes. This method was environmentally friendly and exhibited high modification efficiency. Benefiting from the good dispersion of AGO in the latex and the cross-linking reaction between AGO and NR, AGO/SiO2/NR composites with good dispersion and enhanced interfacial interaction were finally obtained. AGO/SiO2/NR composites showed significantly improved overall performance. Compared to GO/SiO2/NR composites, the tensile strength (28.1 MPa) and tear strength (75.3 N/mm) of the AGO/SiO2/NR composites were significantly increased, while the heat build-up value (10.4 °C) and DIN abrasion volume (74.9 mm3) were significantly reduced. In addition, the steady-state temperature field distribution inside the tire was visualized by ANSYS finite element simulation. The maximum temperature of the prepared AGO/SiO2/NR was reduced by 18.2% compared to that of the GO/SiO2/NR tires. This strategy is expected to provide a new approach for the development of low energy consumption, environmentally friendly, and long-life rubber for tires.

Synthesis and characterization of porous silica and composite films for enhanced CO₂ adsorption: A circular economy approach

This study explores the synthesis and application of carbon-negative technology that leverage circular economy and environmentally friendly methodologies. Porous silica using plant-derived silica sources and self-assembled lignin templates were prepared, achieving an impresive surface area of up to 104.76 m2/g. Additionally, we prepared porous composite films via a freeze-drying process incorporating polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). These films demonstrated enhanced tensile properties, with a tensile strength reaching 285.72 kPa. Notably, the film surfaces engaged in a third-body tribology mechanism, which endowed them with excellent abrasion resistance and a low friction coefficient. The specific surface area of the films was measured at 20.15 m2/g, making them ideal substrates for CO₂ adsorption functionalization. The functionalized films showcased outstanding CO₂ adsorption capabilities, with a maximum uptake of 29.38 mg/g. Furthermore, they retained over 90% of their adsorption capacity after five adsorption/desorption cycles. Under high CO₂ conditions, these composite films combine the desirable attributes of both solid and liquid adsorbents—high surface area, low volatility, and adsorption stability—contributing significantly to greenhouse gas mitigation and the pursuit of carbon neutrality.

Thermoplastic Vulcanizates with an Integration of High Wear-Resistant and Anti-Slip Properties Based on Styrene Ethylene Propylene Styrene Block Copolymer/Styrene Ethylene Butylene Styrene Block Copolymer/Solution-Polymerization Styrene-Butadiene Rubber.

Distinguished from traditional vulcanized rubber, which is not reusable, thermoplastic elastomer (TPV) is a material that possesses both the excellent resilience of traditional vulcanized rubber and the recyclability of thermoplastic, and TPVs have been widely studied in both academia and industry because of their outstanding green properties. In this study, new thermoplastic elastomers based on solution polymerized styrene butadiene rubber (SSBR) and thermoplastic elastomers (SEPSs/SEBSs) were prepared by the first dynamic vulcanization process. The high slip resistance and abrasion resistance of SSBR are utilized to improve the poor slip resistance of SEPSs/SEBSs, which provides a direction for the recycling of shoe sole materials. In this paper, the effects of different ratios of the rubber/plastic phase (R/P) on the mechanical properties, rheological properties, micro-morphology, wear resistance, and anti-slip properties of SSBR/TPE TPVs are investigated. The results show that the SSBR/TPE TPVs have good mechanical properties. The tensile strength, tear strength, hardness, and resilience of the TPVs decrease slightly with an increasing R/P ratio. Still, TPVs have a tensile strength of 18.1 MPa when the ratio of R/P is 40/100, and this reaches the performance of the vulcanized rubber sole materials commonly used in the market. In addition, combined with microscopic morphology analysis (SEM), it was found that, with the increase in the R/P ratio, the size of the rubber particles gradually increased, forming a stronger crosslinking network, but the rheological properties of TPVs gradually decreased; crosslinking network enhancement led to the increase in the size of the rubber particles, and the increase in the size of rubber particles made the material in the abrasion of rubber particles fall easily, thus increasing its abrasion volume. Through dynamic mechanical analysis and anti-slip tests, when the R/P ratio was 40/100, the tan δ of TPVs at 0 °C was 0.35, which represents an ordinary vulcanized rubber sole material in the market. The viscoelasticity of TPVs increased with the increase in the R/P ratio, which improved the anti-slip performance of TPVs. SSBR/TPE TPVs are expected to be used in footwear and automotive fields due to their excellent abrasion resistance and anti-slip performance.

Fabrication of water-resistant and abrasion- resistant superhydrophilic coatings

Superhydrophilic coatings show promising applications in the anti-fogging and self-cleaning fields. However, the application of transparent superhydrophilic coatings faces two challenges: abrasion and water immersion leading to loss of superhydrophilicity. Herein, we contribute Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) to enhancing abrasion resistance by integrating into network-like structures within coatings, and water resistance by adsorbing sodium alkenyl sulfonate (AOS) facilitated by the positive charge within their cavities, respectively. Hydrolyzed tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as crosslinking agents combines with the abundant hydroxyl groups (Si-OH) on the surface of HNTs nanotubes and glass substrate to form a three-dimensional network structure. The results demonstrate that the designed HNTs tube coatings have strong abrasion and water resistance accompanied by anti-fogging and self-cleaning properties, which can withstand 800 cycles of Taber abrasion under a load of 250 g, and 90 min of immersion in boiling water. Furthermore, the coated surface exhibited negligible contamination after 153 days in an outdoor environment, which indicates a commendable long-term self-cleaning capability. Therefore, the introduction of HNTs nanotubes can provide a useful strategy for the development of superhydrophilic coatings for anti-fogging and self-cleaning with excellent abrasion and water resistance.

Effect of microwave drying on TiO2–Y2O3–ZrO2 composite ceramics and drying kinetic study

TiO2–Y2O3–ZrO2 composite ceramics exhibit excellent abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature resistance, making them vital structural-functional materials in ceramics and refractories. The key to preparing high-quality TiO2–Y2O3–ZrO2 ceramic powders lies in controlling the agglomeration rate, which can be optimized by choosing an appropriate drying method. This study utilized microwave drying techniques to dehydrate TiO2–Y2O3–ZrO2 ceramic powders. It was found that the average drying rate is proportional to initial masses, initial moisture contents and microwave heating powers. To describe the drying process, four models—the Quadratic, Wang and Singh, Modified Page, and Page—were employed. The best model for the drying process was the Modified Page model. The specimens were analyzed to assess the alterations in the samples pre and post-drying by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The findings revealed that microwaves can hasten the drying process of TiO2–Y2O3–ZrO2 and enhance its spread. Utilizing Fick's second law, the effective diffusion coefficient was ascertained, showing an inverse proportionality to the sample mass, and a proportionality to the microwave heating power and initial moisture content. Using the Arrhenius exponential model, it was ascertained that the microwave drying process's activation energy stands at 13.81834 W/g. This paper demonstrates that microwave drying effectively achieves efficient drying and lays the theoretical and experimental groundwork for the microwave heating and drying of other powdered materials.