Excavations In Egypt Research Articles

Mercantile networks and the export of antiquities from Egypt in the mid nineteenth century: A case study of Menkaure's sarcophagus and the Beatrice

The export of antiquities from Egypt to the United Kingdom during the mid nineteenth century required an extensive network of cultural, diplomatic and mercantile actors, including private shipowners. While much previous research has focused on the political stakeholders in the process, as well as the archaeologists conducting excavations in Egypt, the attempted export of Menkaure's sarcophagus from Giza to the British Museum in 1838 allows for a closer examination of one of the private shipowners who was involved in this process – namely, Captain Richard Mayle Whichelo of the merchant vessel Beatrice. This article investigates the diplomatic processes that were required for the export of the sarcophagus and provides an overview of the history of the Beatrice and of Captain Whichelo, placing this within the broader context of the transport of antiquities during the nineteenth century.

Notes on Contributors

Notes on Contributors

The Social Background of prophet Abraham Peace be upon him in light of the Quran, Bible, and Modern Archaeological Finding

Prophet Abraham is the father of the three Abrahamic faiths: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. His unshakable devotion and obedience to God have earned him respect from all three religions. The life of Prophet Abraham is richly documented in sacred texts. However, due to a lack of archaeological evidence, many contemporary philosophers view the figure of Abraham (a.s) as mythology. However, there are no in-depth descriptions of Abraham's life in ancient sources. Still, Modern archaeology has many findings which confirm the historicity of this Semitic figure and its society, even his name. Excavations in Egypt, Iraq, Palestine, and Syria have revealed artifacts, inscriptions, and other things that correspond to Abraham's social background described in the Bible and Quran. This article is an attempt to presents social background of Prophet Abraham (as) as described in the Quran and Bible. In order to prove that Abraham was a real person, the research will also show that how these facts can be confirmed by modern archaeology.

Eastern sources in European architecture and Art at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries and modern tendencies

Aim. The article investigated the influence of Eastern cultures (Chinese, Japanese) on the style of European Аrt nouveau and the Historicism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Methodology. Used the scientific methods of historic analyze and comparative analyze. Results. Argued, that the fascination of Western European civilization with Eastern cultures began at the end of the seventeenth century — first it was a total fascination with Chinese culture, and from the middle of the nineteenth century — Japanese and Moorish, Arabic, Persian. It is argued that the popularization of Eastern cultures among the Western European community was facilitated by the publication of historical novels on ancient Egypt, the Middle Ages, and the Arab East. Through artistic works, admiration for exotic cultures spread to architecture, design, and décor elements. Particular attention was paid to the stylistic specificity of European architecture and Art at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.Scientific novelty. Such as argued, it is proved that the fascination with Chinese and Chinese traditions felt concentrated until the second half of the nineteenth century, when due to archeological excavations of Troy, excavations in Egypt, the opening of the world of Japan and the establishment of trade, it somewhat weakened, giving way to the Japanese and Asian influences, and to the influences of old Romanesque architecture. At the same time, there is a certain combination of Chinese and Japanese influences in Historicism and Art nouveau, which is especially noticeable in decoration. It is cited as evidence of the fascination of Chinese traditions at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries with the erection of a China-style Perlov Tea Shop in Moscow in 1890, combining the structure of a typical apartment building and elements of traditional Chinese architecture.Practical significance. As results argued, that despite the change of dynasties, traditional architecture remained quite conservative, that is, we can talk about China’s inherent continuity of architectural and artistic traditions. The definitive symbols by which ancient Chinese architecture is known in the world are the following: the typical silhouettes of buildings with traditional concave roofs covered with tiling; the application of polychrome decorated supports, screens; over-saturation with details; the widespread use of complex-shaped carving, the symbolic significance of the mural plots, traditions of which are from prehistoric times, and even polychromy, where each colour had a particular meaning (the main colours were red, gold, blue, green and white). That’s open the road for using this principles in modern Chinese design.

Descriptions and the materiality of texts

This article builds on the notions of thick and thin description elaborated by Geertz and looks at what descriptive methods have been used in the field of papyrology, a sub-discipline of classics that studies ancient manuscripts on papyrus fragments recovered through legal and illegal excavations in Egypt from the 19th century. Past generations of papyrologists have described papyri merely as resources to retrieve ancient ‘texts’. In the article I argue these descriptions have had negative effects in the way this ancient material has been studied, preserved, and also exchanged through the antiquities market. Through a series of case studies, I offer an alternative description of papyrus fragments as things, which have a power that can be activated under specific circumstances or entanglements. In demonstrating papyrus manuscripts’ unstable nature and shifting meanings, which are contingent on such entanglements, the article calls for a new politics and ethics concerning their preservation and exchange.

Lychnological miscellanea from Polish excavations in Egypt and the Eastern Mediterranean

A review article collecting obscure publications and mentions of finds of lamps (made of clay and glass, some of stone and metal as well) and lighting accessories, like wicks, wick holders and lamp stands and holders (polycandela) scattered in reports and papers of the archaeological excavations carried out or under the auspices of the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw, published in the past 60 years since the Centre’s founding in 1959. The article draws upon finds presented conjointly with reports from excavations, often including significant contextual information about the discoveries, which are still to see their final publication. This data is summarized in relevant cases, the author contributing, wherever possible, new insight and interpretations, citing new parallels and introducing occasional corrigenda.

Michel Tyszkiewicz (1828-1897) et les fouilles archéologiques en Italie

According to Stanisław Lorentz, the collections of Michel Tyszkiewicz, enriched by his excavations in Egypt and Italy, undoubtedly “belonged to the more valuable European collections created in the second half of the 19th century”. After his first journey to Egypt, Tyszkiewicz, enlivened with a passion for excavations, first lived in Naples and then settled permanently in Rome in 1865. As the political situation changed there after 1870 and the new government restrained issuing permits, he started applying for excavation permits in his estate of Birże, in Lithuania (1871). Later, in 1894, he also tried to obtain excavation permits at Olbia, in Southern Russia, but this time unsuccessfully. His unpublished letters to the famous German scholar Wilhelm Froehner (1834–1925), now in the Goethe und Schiller Archiv in Weimar, throw a new light on the discoveries that took place in Boscoreale and in Lake Nemi and on his purchases there, as well as on his great enterprise in relation to the Satricum excavations in 1896, from which he was excluded after discovering the trace of “thousands of different votive objects”.

Tebtynis e Roma: nuove scoperte e vecchie acquisizioni all'Istituto Nazionale di Archeologia e di Storia dell'Arte – Palazzo Venezia a Roma

The National Institute of Archaeology and Art History in rome has been operating since 1918 for the advancement of studies in the field of archaeology and art history and for the promotion and protection of historic and artistic heritage. At this Institute Carlo Anti and Roberto Paribeni developed their friendship and professional relationships but most importantly they carried on and promoted excavations in Egypt; for this reason the exceptional discovery of some papyri and documents, related to Tebtynis and left by Gilberto Bagnani, is not surprising. This material, combined with the study of other archives, will assist scholars, who for years have been dealing with the site, in investigating new issues and historical aspects.

Ancient Egypt and the Polish Archaeological Research in Egypt in Popular Science Magazines in 1946–1990

The article outlines the press coverage of the Polish archaeological excavations in Egypt in the popular science magazines in Poland during the communist period, touching upon the specifics of the socio -political conditions of the time

‘A selection of minor antiquities’: a multi-sited view on collections from excavations in Egypt

ABSTRACTThis article draws upon the ‘Artefacts of Excavation’ (2014–17) project, which is investigating the worldwide distribution of finds from British-led excavations in Egypt between 1880 and 1980. The departure point for the present article is the earliest phase of these distributions. The potential for multi-sited ethnographic approaches to illuminate the history and significance of such collections is explored. It is argued that, through such analyses, it is possible to chart shifting tensions in the status of objects as they were collected, circulated and re-evaluated between the field and the museum. The article concludes by suggesting that multi-sited frameworks may also be able to re-animate ‘orphaned’ archaeological collections, some of which could be at risk from commercial sale.

Działalność społeczna i edukacyjna Koła Pań Karaimskich w Haliczu

Przez stulecia udział karaimskiej kobiety w życiu społecznym był ograniczony. Dopiero w latach 20 XX w. powstała w Wilnie pierwsza karaimska organizacja kobieca. W 1932 r. Sabina Nowachowiczowa, nauczycielka, jedna z pierwszych Karaimek, które zdobyły formalne wykształcenie i pracowały zawodowo, założyła Koło Pań Karaimskich w Haliczu. Cele organizacji było podnoszenie poziomu świadomości członkiń, kształcenie ich w zakresie podstaw wiary, dziejów i języka Karaimów, a także zapewnianie im wiedzy ogólnej, tak by mogły przekazywać tradycyjne karaimskie wartości swoim dzieciom. Koło organizowało wycieczki, akademie upamiętniające ważne postaci z historii karaimów, prelekcje wygłaszane przez miejscowych działaczy i zapraszanych gości. Tematyka tych wystąpień była niezwykle szeroka i obejmowała różne zagadnienia, od zasad wiary i dzieł literatury karaimskiej po wykopaliska w Egipcie i zagadnienie niepodległości Krymu. W artykule zostają szczegółowo omówione różne aspekty działalności Koła na podstawie dokumentów z archiwum S. Nowachowiczowej.

The German Archeological Missions in Egypt during the Era of Khedive Ismail 1863 - 1879

Although Egyptology was not among the interests of the Egyptian rulers, Khedive Ismail paid a lot of attention to it, encouraging archeological excavations in Egypt. During his era, Egypt witnessed a series of excavations and archeological studies conducted by Europeans. The Germans contributed largely to the discovery of Ancient Egypt. Their contributions varied from formal missions to individuals' interest. The names of Lepsius, Brugsch and Dumichen decorated the facade of the Egyptian museum, and this is a reflection of their role in Egyptology. Brugsch was the leading figure in German Egyptology during this era.

Artefacts of excavation

Abstract This paper explores the collection of artefacts from British excavations in Egypt and their dispersal to institutions across the world between 1880 and 1915. The scope, scale and complexity of these distributions is reviewed with a view to highlighting the complex, symbiotic relationship between British organizations that mounted such excavations on the one hand and museums on the other, and also to providing a basis from which to argue that both field and museum collecting practices were enmeshed within the same processes of ‘artefaction’. These shared processes together created a new form of museum object, here referred to as the ‘excavated artefact’. It is further suggested that the collection of artefacts for museums was one of the primary motivating factors in the establishment of a scientific archaeology in Egypt. Case-studies of the activities of the Egypt Exploration Fund and Flinders Petrie’s work are presented in order to throw these arguments into relief. An online Appendix tabulates the original distribution of objects from eef excavations to other institutions.

Flinders Petrie and Eugenics at UCL

William Matthew Flinders Petrie is considered the father of scientific archaeology and is credited with developing a chronology of Ancient Egypt using the nondescript artefacts that other archaeologists had ignored. He occupied the first chair of Egyptology in England, and was also well-known for the museum built around his personal collection of Egyptian artifacts at University College London. Petrie's archaeological work has been studied by scholars, from various disciplines, for its scholarly, cultural, and historical value, while Petrie's life and career outside of archaeology have been the subject of relatively little study. Petrie himself wrote two life stories: the first, <em>Ten Years Digging in Egypt, 1881–1891</em> (1892), detailed the years before his professorship at UCL; in 1932 he published his second, more complete autobiography, <em>Seventy Years in Archaeology.</em> After he died in 1942 there were various obituaries and memorials that outlined his life and major achievements in archaeology. There was very little written about Petrie the man until 1985, when Margaret Drower's <em>Flinders Petrie: A Life in Archaeology</em> was published; it remains the most comprehensive work on Petrie's life. A thin volume of the correspondence of Hilda and Flinders Petrie also allows a glimpse into life on excavation. In short, much of what is known about Petrie focuses on his excavations in Egypt, his time as Professor of Egyptology at University College London, or the museum that bears his name. Subsequently, as a historical matter, Petrie's work in the discipline of eugenics has rarely been discussed as part of his career.

Mughsauyl: Another Candidate for Land Bountiful

Research Article| October 01 2007 Mughsauyl: Another Candidate for Land Bountiful Wm. Revell Phillips Wm. Revell Phillips Wm. Revell Phillips, emeritus professor of geology at Brigham Young University and past chairman of that department, received a PhD in mineralogy from the University of Utah. For 10 years he assisted Wilford Griggs in excavations in Egypt. He has also taught at universities in the Middle East and elsewhere and directed a number of BYU Travel Study tours worldwide. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Book of Mormon Studies (1992-2007) (2007) 16 (2): 48–59. https://doi.org/10.5406/jbookmormstud.16.2.0048 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Wm. Revell Phillips; Mughsauyl: Another Candidate for Land Bountiful. Journal of Book of Mormon Studies (1992-2007) 1 October 2007; 16 (2): 48–59. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/jbookmormstud.16.2.0048 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressJournal of Book of Mormon Studies Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2007 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois2007 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Feature Articles You do not currently have access to this content.

A New Era for Museums in Egypt

Zahi Hawass is an archaeologist and Egyptologist, and has conducted excavations in Egypt for over thirty years. His most recent discoveries include the Tombs of the Pyramid Builders at Giza and the Valley of the Golden Mummies in the Bahariya Oasis. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania, has taught at the University of California in Los Angeles, at Cairo University, and at the American University in Cairo which awarded him an honorary degree this year. Zahi Hawass has written many scholarly articles and academic books, as well as various books aimed at the general public. He has received many awards, including the Golden Plate from the American Academy of Achievement, and is an Explorer in Residence for the National Geographic Society. He is currently Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, whereby he is in charge of all antiquities in Egypt.

Choice Cuts: Meat Production in Ancient Egypt

Choise cuts: Meat Production in Ancient Egypt is a book about all aspects of meat processing in ancient Egypt. The book lists and examines the different types of meat consumed by the Egyptians: poultry, fish, and mammal, and their immediate by-products, such as blood and fat. The author discusses how each type of animal was slaughtered and processed for either immediate consumption or stored for later use, using pictorial, artefactual, textual, woodarchaeological, ethnographic and experimental evidence. Slaughter, jointing, and general processing locations are discussed, as well as storage locations, vessels used for storage, and transportation of animals as well as processed meat products. The book concludes with an attempt to determine how much meat was consumed in ancient Egypt, by whom, and what type. The appendices include lists of scenes showing meat processing as well as pig farming. The book has grown out of Dr. Salime Ikram's dissertation at Cambridge University. She now teaches Egyptology at the American University in Cairo, and works on excavations in Egypt and Turkey. Her specialities are daily life (especially food production) and mummification in ancient Egypt, as well as focus on faunal analysis.

Qatrania, new basal anthropoid primate from the Fayum, Oligocene of Egypt

Recent excavations in Egypt organized by the Geological Survey of Egypt and Duke University have recovered many fossil primate specimens, most of which come from upper levels of the Jebel Qatrani Formation (early Oligocene) including Aegyptopithecus, Propliopithecus, Parapithecus and Apidium1–3. Screening at Quarry E in lower levels of the formation has also revealed a new small anthropoid described as Qatrania wingi. Qatrania is a primitive member of the Parapithecidae and possibly most closely allied to Parapithecus fraasi. This new species is the earliest African anthropoid known, equal in age and from the same quarry as Oligopithecus4. Its small size and details of molar structure point to a mainly frugivorous diet like some extant African prosimians and South American callithrichids.

Recent Archæological Excavations in Egypt

THE Merimda Civilization. Results of importance for their bearing on stratigraphical relations and development in culture were obtained in the excavations of the Academy of Sciences on the prehistoric site of Merimda-Beni Salama, west of the Nilo Delta, which lasted from January 25 until April 4, 1939. In this season—the seventh devoted to this site—it has been demonstrated that of the various levels each corresponds to a different stage of development, contrary to the earlier conclusion that the Merimda civilization was uniform throughout. Although, it is true, the population did not change, and the mode of life throughout was the same—the practice of agriculture, combined with stock-breeding and hunting—while their weapons and tools were similar, and their burial customs identical, yet it is now possible to trace development.

Some Recent Excavations in Egypt

Aconcession to excavate the site of Tell el Amarna was given to the Egypt Exploration Society in 1920, and with the exception of two seasons the Society has sent an expedition there every year since that date. Beginning with the central town site, at the point where the Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft had left it before the war, the work of the first two seasons was confined to the southern half of the city, although it included several important outlying buildings of a nondomestic character and the ‘Eastern Village’ of workmen’s houses. The discovery of the North Palace in 1923 turned the attention of the excavators to the distant end of the site, leading them to the building of a new house from which to work and to the discovery of other official buildings at the extreme north of the bay, and a group of houses connected with them. These last have not yet been completely excavated.