Examples Of Justice Research Articles

Sosial Ədalətsizlik və Çəkidə Aldatma Toplumların Həlak Səbəbi Kimi: Şüeyb Qövmü Timsalında

Human rights are inalienable rights given to all people from the day of their birth. Protection of human rights is a prerequisite for a just, equal and peaceful world. We can find these rights not only in official state documents, but also in the doctrines of religions. Human rights are the responsibility not only of the state, but also of individuals and non-governmental organizations. Violation of these rights has the potential to strain relations between people. When we look at the instructive stories given to us by religious texts, we witness that the violation of rights, the taking away of people's rights, provokes God's wrath and has the characteristic of being the cause of the consequences leading to the destruction of communities that behave in this way. The importance of heavenly religions to human rights, examples of justice and human rights contained in religious texts were included in the article, and an attempt was made to draw attention to the importance of the value of this step in the eyes of God on the example of the Shuayb people, an unjust society where social justice is violated.

Identifying the dimensions of gender justice in the Iranian Ministry of Sport and Youth

In modern times, sports have attracted the attention of different societies. Social, economic and political functions are one of the reasons. In Iran, the role of the Ministry of Sports and Youth is very important in managing sports in the country. Justice has been supposedly one of the pillars of ethical management in organizations, along with performance improvement. One example of justice in organizations is gender justice. The aim of this study was to provide valuable information to sports activists in the country by identifying the dimensions of gender justice in the Ministry of Sports and Youth and identify ways to expand gender justice according to employees' perceptions. The current research is practical in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of method, employing a thematic analysis strategy. The sample consisted of 7 management experts and sociologists who had studied, researched, or gained experience in the field of the present study (gender justice in organizations). The researchers used a semi-structured interview, which is suitable for qualitative research in terms of flexibility and depth. The "Inter Coder Reliability (ICR)" method was used to measure the reliability of the interviews conducted. The data were coded using MAXQDA2018 software. The results showed that perceptions of gender justice include 3 main themes (distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice) and 19 sub-themes. The expansion of gender justice in the Ministry of Sports and Youth, as the country's sports policy organization, can seemingly be effective in improving performance. It also has positive social and cultural effects on all sports areas of the country.

Ghost Criminology: A Framework for the Discipline’s Spectral Turn

Abstract Drawing upon recent criminological scholarship examining spectrality, as well as Jacques Derrida’s notion of hauntology, this article sets out a framework to explore harms experienced as ‘out of joint’. We propose a new sub-discipline of ‘ghost criminology’ as a means to explore and reckon with these afterlives. We identify three strands of the (in)visible, the (in)corporeal and dead space with which to capture phenomena hovering between presence and absence. In doing so, we provide examples of justice being achieved within this sense of time being ‘off its hinges’. A ‘ghost criminology’ provides a means of listening to the voices of the discipline’s dead, as well as the ghosts of its future.

‘We Got Lucky with the Judge’: Access to Justice for Disabled Women in Iceland

In this paper we aim to make a valuable contribution to the surprisingly limited body of research on access to justice for disabled women who have been subjected to violence. Using an interdisciplinary sociolegal approach, this paper carries out an empirical qualitative study of one Icelandic court case and draws on this to provide a critical analysis of access to justice issues for disabled women who have been subjected to gender-based violence. Much about this case suggests that it is a positive example of justice being accessed, and we identify a number of features of the case as particularly significant in this regard. We reflect on how these positive aspects of the case can inform initiatives to enhance access to justice for disabled women and highlight ways in which Icelandic justice processes could more firmly embed the international human rights standards set out in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

Nuremberg Tribunal as a symbol of the triumph of justice at a turning point in modern human history A.N. Savenkov. Nuremberg: A Verdict for name of Peace

It would seem that today a huge number of works have been written about the Nuremberg Trials, in which various facets of this unique example of justice in the history of mankind are considered in great detail. But this is only at first glance, because after getting acquainted with the monograph of Professor A.N. Savenkov, it becomes obvious that it touches upon such layers of the International Military Tribunal that were not previously the subject of a special study. In addition, the publication of this remarkable book is justified by at least three more reasons. First, today many authors tend to idealize the first International Military Tribunal, established ad hoc, although it is not a tuning fork of justice in its current sense. It was, above all, an organ of transitional justice. Therefore, with all its historical, political and legal merits, it was not free from certain shortcomings of a legal and moral nature. In this regard, it is enough to refer, for example, to his verdict, in which not all the crimes committed by high-ranking officials and institutional structures of Nazi Germany during the Second World War found their reflection or due legal assessment. Secondly, this work is one of those exceptions in a series of numerous works about the Nuremberg Trials, which gives a historically more reliable and legally, better grounded assessment of the events that took place in the Palace of Justice of the German city of Nuremberg from November 20, 1945 to October 1, 1946, where the trial of the main Nazi criminals was held. Key words: Nuremberg Tribunal, IMT Charter, crimes against peace and humanity, justice, accuser, defendant, defender, verdict, punishment, execution of the verdict.

The Issue of Justice by Rashidun Caliphs (11-40 H/ 633-661 AD in the Field of Finance

Justice means giving rights to all right-holders without exaggeration or shortcoming. It is an absolute subject for every time and place. Justice sometimes means equality, for example, not making any distinction between classes in the community in their duties, rights, rewards and punishments. However, equality is relative and it is sometimes the opposite of justice because it is not fair to reward someone who works hard the same way as someone who doesn’t. Khalifa Abubakiri Siddiq can be seen as an instance of equality when he determined donations and rewards according to the available income. In other words, he gave the same amount of 20 dirhams monthly to each Muslim as a reward. Nonethless, Khalifa Omer, the son of Khatab, is an example of justice as he dedicated 100 dirhams for little children, but 200 dirhams for older children, and a considerable monthly amount for every adult with justice. Thus, Khalifa Omer concentrated on the principle of justice rather than equality when he differentiated between the rate given to children, young and adults according to their needs.
 The issue of justice during Rashidun Caliph between the years (11-40 H/ 633-661 AD) in the field of finance is one of the critical issues. First of all, this issue is a relative issue by humans, but the absolute justice is only applied by Allah, Prophets, honest people, judges and responsible people. Each Rashidun Caliphs have worked on their specific way of ruling to bring this issue into practice. In Islam, the prophet (PBUH) has showed the most beautiful pattern in this concern and after that during the period of Rashidun Caliphs the issue of justice was brought into practice. This issue is related to the way of ruling by the Caliphs of that period, it has a great effect on the life of people, and this does not mean that the Caliphs were error-free, but generally the Rashidun Caliphs were execution real justice.
 The Rashidun Caliphs were personally committing justice and they were carrying fair characteristics, they have not differentiated between people, they ruled according to the principles of Islam, every one’s right is protected in the holy Quran, because the religion of Islam has come for doing religious worships and committing justice among people and to stand against oppression and injustice. The Rashidun Caliphs has worked on this principle and tried to bring this issue into practice in all the aspects of life, and the financial issue as directly connected issue to people’s life. The Caliphs were fair in their personal life and this has affected the way they ruled. In the field of finance, they have treat this issue in a good and suitable way, and this has affected people’s life in terms of welfare and development. The Rashidun Caliphs were previously aware of buying and selling and they were businessmen, so they have treated the Muslims equally with justice. The rights of non-Muslims were even protected and they have given the rights to every people and played their own role. 
 The Caliphs have done significant works including: preventing injustice and oppression and monopoly, the Caliphs were following up issues by themselves and looking after works of the workers, employees and governors, they were choosing faithful and qualified persons for financial duties, thy established financial institutions and dedicated special employees such us :( House of Treasure, Diwan al-Kharaj, Diwan of Philanthropic and Diwan of Soldiers). This was to protect honesty, truthfulness and people’s rights, and the Caliphs have given people the authority to look after their works, and they have warned the workers form doing wrong and breaking the law. Also, the Rashidun Caliphs were living like ordinary people and they were not separating themselves from people.
 The age of Rashidun Caliphs is considered as the best age in the history of Islam in terms of practicing justice in all the aspects in general and specifically financial issues, due to intensive censorship and follow up by the employees of the government and by the Caliphs themselves, giving the right of every right holders and practicing Islam completely.

التطور الحضاری لمصرفی زمن الطولونیین

أسهمت شعوب الأرض التي دخلت الإسلام في بناء الحضارة الإسلامية، وکانت مصر من أوفر هذه البيئات إسهاما، وقد شهد النصف الأخير من القرن الثالث الهجري بداية فصل جديد في تاريخ مصر الإسلامية؛ تمثل بقيام الدولة الطولونية، التي شکلت منطلقا لبداية الازدهار في تاريخ حضارة مصر. وهناک عدد من العوامل التي کان لها دور في إبراز هذه الحضارة، منها: التأخر الحضاري الذي سبق قيام الدولة الطولونية، فقد شمل ذلک نواحي الحياة کلها، بسبب سياسة العباسيين، في تغيير الولاة باستمرار؛ خوفا من استقلالهم بالبلاد. تمکن أحمد بن طولون من القضاء على الثورات في مصر، وبناء جيش قوي، وشهدت البلاد استقرارا وتطورا، واستقلالا ذاتيا، وصاحب ذلک تطور في الحياة الحضارية؛ لأن ابن طولون حرص على القيام بإنجازات حضارية تميز عهده؛ لتثبيت سلطانه، وأن يبدو البلاط الطولوني في حياته في مستوى لا يقل عن مستوى البلاط الخلافي. أثبت ابن طولون أنه کان نموذجا للحاکم المثالي، من حيث تبني الإصلاح والعدل، والاعتناء بشؤون دولته، فلم تشغله طموحاته في زيادة رقعة دولته عن الاهتمام بجوانب الإصلاح، ومذا يحقق الحياة الکريمة لرعيته؛ ولذا اتسم عهده بأنه عهد سلام شامل، ورخاء، وحضارة، وعمران، وفنون، وخلف ابن طولون آثارا رائعة تجسد عصره، ولا يزال بعضها باقيا إلى يومنا هذا. The Islamic Civilization is a great edifice where all the people of the earth contributed in building it. Egypt was a leader in this contribution in building the Islamic civilization. The last half of the third century of Higra was a new era in the Islamic history of Egypt, where the Tolonic estate began in Egypt. This era was the beginning of advancement in the history of Egypt’s Civilization. This was obvious in the Civilized Phenomena that happened in Egypt in that era. The period that proceeded the Tolonic estate was know by under development in all aspects of life. This was due to the Abbasi policy of changing the rulers every time so as not to make them greedy of the throne. Ahmad bin Tolon had ruled Egypt. He put out the revolutions against him. He secured the country and people and people admitted his leadership. All the figures of power were at his hand and he become a prince of Egypt. Egypt began a new era from that period which is called the self independence. The political development in his age was paralled with a civilized development, Ahmad Bin Tolon was a ware to make this era full of the civilized a chievments so as to assesst his throne and to make the country flourish and this reflexes his true desire to complete Iraq by making Egypt a glorious civilization. He wants to make the throne in Egypt in a high standard not less than the caliph throne. Ahmad Bin Toloun had proved that he was an example of justice and he was a fair ruler. He was a man of the state. He took care of his country and he wasn’t occupiedby his ambitions in invading other countries. He took care of everything that made a better life for his people. He made many reforms for his state’s affairs. His era was an era of peace, prosperity, civilization, construction and arts. He left terrific monuments in his era, a lot of them are still today.

Establishing of Supreme Court Benches across India: Discussion on Feasibility and Impact

Indian judiciary has been one of the finest examples of justice dispensed without fear or favour. Ever since judicial standards were codified and the Indian judiciary set up (by the British), it has proved itself worthy of admiration, adoration and appreciation. The Indian judiciary has stepped in to help the people get justice whenever and wherever possible. The Indian judiciary has been a pioneer of judicial innovations and reforms, Public interest Litigations (PIL) being a case in point. Recently, due to a number of reasons, dispensation of justice in India has become difficult leading to the situation 'justice delayed is justice denied'. This paper deals with establishing of Jurisdictional Supreme Court Benches across India and its possible impact on the dispensation of Justice.

Healthcare injustice in patients with sickle cell disease

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to detail experiences that sickle cell disease (SCD) patients associate with healthcare justice and injustice in pain control. Design/methodology/approach – A content analysis study of open-ended comments written by 31 participants who completed a 20-item healthcare injustice questionnaire-revised twice: once in reference to experiences with doctors and once in reference to experiences with nurses. Findings – Participants’ mean age was 33±10 years; most were African-Americans and women. Themes showed: the four domains of healthcare justice were represented in patients’ comments; examples of justice and injustice were provided; specific incidents and interactions with healthcare providers were memorable to patients; and setting was a factor important to healthcare experiences because expectations about services vary by setting. Research limitations/implications – Patients were self-selected. Future work will include qualitative interviews and focus groups to uncover more details about how patients experience healthcare injustice. Practical implications – Additional training is needed for SCD providers and about proper management of sickle cell pain; educational modules are also needed that address areas of healthcare injustice by patients. Originality/value – The authors are the first to report how patients define healthcare justice and injustice. Specific details about memorable SCD patient-provider interactions and pain control are described.

The Attitudes of Political Parties towards Education: The 2011 Election Returns Examples of Justice and Development Party (AKP), Republican People's Party (CHP) and Nationalist Movement Party (MHP)

Abstract Education has an important place in the political party policies and political points of views. Not only the attitudes of political parties towards education reflect the ideological, political differences of them, but also it is in the mirror position of expectations and demands appearing on the field of education and training within the frame of modern and global developments. Considering this fact, the analysis, that will be made upon the election returns of the political parties, can be thought to be descriptive both about the political and ideological aspects of attitudes of political parties towards education, the developments in the field of education, needs and expectations and about the present conditions of the relation between politics and education and the education policies and the possible direction that education will take in the future. In this declaration, with reference to such a view, with the discourse analysis method, the 2011 general election returns of Justice and Development Party, Republican People's Party, Nationalist Movement Party which have groups in parliament and different political stances, are aimed to research comparatively.

Reflections on Justice in Schooling

This article is a reflection on the concept of justice as practiced in the public schools in the United States. Examples of justice denied or misconstrued are included. Cases, stories, and concepts invite educational leaders to reflect anew on delivering justice in education to all children. Underlying the article is the belief that understanding the concept of justice is vital if an educational leader is to act justly and model just behavior in schooling.

From membership conditionality to policy conditionality: EU external governance in South Eastern Europe

In view of the uncertainty about the final outcome of the current enlargement process, how effective is the EU's acquis conditionality in South Eastern Europe? By elaborating on the example of justice and home affairs, the article argues that the EU's external leverage has remained strong, as the EU has developed additional ways to render its conditionality approach credible. Although the hurdles for entering the EU have been raised, Croatia's compliance efforts can be considered to be similar to the logic observed in the eastern enlargement. The key to understanding the compliance of Macedonia, whose membership prospect is less certain or even questionable, is to take into account policy conditionality in addition to membership conditionality. The EU managed to compensate for less credible membership rewards by substantially increasing the value of the policy reward of visa-free travel. This strategy was effective but has created tensions with regard to the EU's broader objectives in the region.

RESPONSIBILITY AND GLOBAL JUSTICE: A SOCIAL CONNECTION MODEL

The essay theorizes the responsibilities moral agents may be said to have in relation to global structural social processes that have unjust consequences. How ought moral agents, whether individual or institutional, conceptualize their responsibilities in relation to global injustice? I propose a model of responsibility from social connection as an interpretation of obligations of justice arising from structural social processes. I use the example of justice in transnational processes of production, distribution and marketing of clothing to illustrate operations of structural social processes that extend widely across regions of the world. The social connection model of responsibility says that all agents who contribute by their actions to the structural processes that produce injustice have responsibilities to work to remedy these injustices. I distinguish this model from a more standard model of responsibility, which I call a liability model. I specify five features of the social connection model of responsibility that distinguish it from the liability model: it does not isolate perpetrators; it judges background conditions of action; it is more forward looking than backward looking; its responsibility is essentially shared; and it can be discharged only through collective action. The final section of the essay begins to articulate parameters of reasoning that agents can use for thinking about their own action in relation to structural injustice.

US Courts-Martial and the Armed Conflict in the Philippines (1899-1902): Their Contribution to National Case Law on War Crimes

In 1901 and 1902, United States courts‐martial tried a number of US military personnel accused of various violations of the laws of war committed in the course of the American counter‐insurgency campaign in the Philippines. Few in number, these courts‐martial, as well as the comments made thereon by the Judge‐Advocate General and the American President, sometimes contain ground‐breaking discussions of the laws of war as they existed at the beginning of the last century, in matters such as the responsibility of commanding officers, the defence of superior orders, the legality of recourse to torture as a method to obtain information and confessions, and the rules on quarter. Besides their legal value, these pronouncements constitute a rare example of justice rendered at the national level by domestic courts against national military personnel accused of crimes against an enemy.

Moral psychiatry: Justice in the modern world, in Hebraic civilization and in psychiatric practice, Part 1

The question is raised whether justice is possible. Attitudes to justice are described, and examples of justice and injustice in French psychiatric practice before and during World War II are presented and discussed.

International Extradition: The Canadian Example of Justice and Fair Play

International Extradition: The Canadian Example of Justice and Fair Play

Promises to keep

PAGE 106 PAGE 106 THE BLA CK LA W JOURNAL THE BLACK LA WIOURNAL PROMISES TO KEEP By J. SKELLY WRIGHT* T HE SECOND RECONSTRUCTION is now 20 years old. The first, one hundred years ago, lasted only half that long. Is this cause for celebration or only a good reason to hold our breath? I am not at all sure. That first voyage toward racial justice was simply deserted by the winds of history. It would be imprudent to ignore that our sails today have gone rather ominously still. The parallels are somewhat disturbing. As in the 1870's, the political landscape has been devastated. Martin Luther King is dead, and Whitney Young, Medgar Evers, Robert Kennedy, John Kennedy, and Lyndon John- son. Gone too is that coalition of Blacks, the young, labor and the churches which broke a filibuster older than the Senate chamber. The liveliest political movement in the land belongs to the man who stood in the schoolhouse door. Congress toys with bills aimed at restricting the equitable powers, and purposes, of the courts. At the highest tribunal in the judicial branch, eight of the nine justices who joined in Brown are gone. Orders of desegregation are no longer unan- imously affirmed; some, indeed, may be destined for reversal. And the remaining branch of government has its own problems, strangely similar in some respects to those of the First Reconstruction presidency. As in the 1870's, the issue of race today has nearly everywhere lost its sense of moral urgency. It is not so much a replacement of virtue by vice as a fading of awareness into in- difference. Having been ingrained for over three centuries, apparently our habits of racial injustice are imperceptible unless we are ex- periencing a veritable fever of the moral senses. Before we could emancipate the slaves, we had to war against each other in a spirit of religious martyrdom: As He died to make men holy, Let us die to make men free. In proposing the original Civil Rights Act, Charles Sumner spoke of the true grandeur in an example of justice, mak- ing the rights of all the same as our own, and beating down prejudice, like Satan, under our feet. So too with us. Martin Luther King gave us all a dream, and James Baldwin, pointing to an old Negro spiritual, convinced us that the dream's fruition was nigh, for continued delay would surely destroy us: God gave Noah the Rainbow sign; No more water, the fire next time. NDEED THE FIRES CAME. In most of our cities, one can still see a great deal of cold charcoal, and the poet of the moment would appear to be Robert Frost: Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice. From what I've tasted of desire I hold with those who favor fire. But if it had to perish twice, I think I know enough of hate, To say that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice. Public discussion today echoes the weariness of 100 years ago. President Grant com- plained: The whole public are tired out with these annual Autumnal outbreaks in the South, and the great majority are ready now to condemn any interference on the part of the *Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the District of Co- lumbia Circuit.