Example In Indonesia Research Articles

Mapping medication selling practices at nonpharmacy outlets during the COVID-19 pandemic: an example of Indonesia.

Nonpharmacy outlets are common medication suppliers in Indonesia, yet little is known regarding their practices. This study aimed to evaluate the medication selling practices occurring in kiosks and minimarkets during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. A cross-sectional study included all minimarkets (N = 101) and a convenience sample of kiosks (a minimum sample size, N = 67) in District X, Indonesia. A validated tool was used to collect data on the characteristics of kiosks/minimarkets and their medication selling practices (i.e. drug management and drug information). A sample of 67 kiosks and 52 minimarkets (response rate 51.5%) consented to participate in this study. Kiosks and minimarkets generally stocked nonprescription drugs, particularly cough and/or common cold products or analgesic-antipyretics; while >90% of kiosks and 15.4% of minimarkets provided prescription medicines. Medications in kiosks and minimarkets were mainly obtained from pharmacies (94.0% vs. 17.0%, respectively) or pharmaceutical wholesale representatives (68.7% vs. 96.0%, respectively). Most minimarkets or kiosks satisfied drug storage standards (100.0% vs. 88.1%, respectively). During the previous week, >80% of kiosks and minimarkets reported purchases of nonprescription drugs, and approximately 5% reported sales of prescription drugs. No drug information was provided by kiosk or minimarket staff. Minimarkets and kiosks may improve access to basic medications, but no information is provided regarding their use. These outlets should be licensed and policed to ensure the range and quality of drugs, and information provided to the Indonesian community is appropriate.

Environmentalism in Modern Islamic Philosophy

Islamic environmentalism is an intellectual movement whose representatives discuss contemporary environmental problems in the language of Islamic theology. This field includes Shariah-based environmental law, environmental activism, and environmental philosophy. This article is an overview of the genealogy of this philosophical trend: key names will be listed and their contributions to the development of this movement will be analyzed. For example, the legacy of Sayyid Hossein Nasr, considered the founding father of Islamic environmentalism, will be examined in detail. The religious and ethical program of this philosophical movement will be analyzed in detail. The categorical apparatus to which Islamic eco-activists, philosophers, and ulema turned as the Islamic environmental agenda expanded will also be examined, such as how the concepts of khalifa, hima, and misan were conceptualized. Philosophers whose writings we will turn to include Iraqi philosopher and jurist Mawil Izzi Dien, British eco-activist Fazlun Khalid, Egyptian Grand Mufti Ali Jumaa, and representatives of so-called “Western Islam” Ziauddin Sardar and Tariq Ramadan. The example of Indonesia will be used to examine how Islamic eco-theology has formed the basis of a multilevel environmental policy. The thesis of the fundamental contradiction underlying Islamic environm entalism is put forward. On the one hand, this movement in its present form genetically dates back to the European protest movements of the 1960s and 70s, which opposed the culture of mass consumption, impersonal materialism, and overproduction. On the other hand, an equally important part of the rhetoric of a number of Islamic modernists, including on ecology, is the emphasis on the break with Western neoliberal values. The special role of social media in the promotion of Islamic eco-activism is noted separately.

REGULATION OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN LEGISLATIVE AND PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS IN CONSTITUTIONS IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES

Political parties are organizations that exist as a consequence of a democratic state that is closely related to general elections. Indonesia will hold simultaneous elections in a few years, of course, studies and references are needed that can help perfect the regulation of political parties and elections. The study can be carried out using the constitutional comparison method because most countries regulate the provisions of political parties and elections in the constitution, for example in Indonesia it is regulated in the 1945 Constitution. The purpose of this study is to determine the arrangement of political parties in elections based on the constitution in each country. The results of the research are expected to be used as an academic reference regarding the regulation of political parties and elections in Indonesia. The research method used is normative legal research by utilizing primary and secondary legal materials which are then analyzed qualitatively. The author uses the constitutions of 42 countries in the world. The results of the study show that political parties are still institutions that are trusted as parties that have the right to submit candidates for legislative and presidential candidates in many countries. There are still more countries that give political parties the exclusive right to nominate such candidates than countries that allow independent candidates.

Indonesia at the Intersection of Human Rights and International Investment

Abstract In the changing dynamics of today’s world, globalisation and sovereignty remain centrally important. Simultaneously, international commerce in the form of global value chains is playing an increasingly significant role in linking and mediating the overlap of globalisation and sovereignty. Nation-state governments use law to manage this overlap. This article takes the example of Indonesia to explain and analyse this phenomenon. By examining the intersection of laws regarding foreign investment and human rights, it becomes possible to gain insight into the constraints that national governments face in regard to protecting local interests while catering to the demands of global commerce. Human rights protections, after all, benefit local welfare but inhibit investment because they impose costs on companies. In the Indonesian case, the government has been successful in implementing local human rights protections in its fishing industry but has largely failed in its mining industry. The reason is quite simple: given their power and the economic value of their investment, international mining companies are able to influence the government, whereas fishing firms, which are primarily smaller and domestic, lack comparable power. As a result, the power of global mining value chains is having a direct effect on decisions that a national government is making, and at the same time, the government’s decisions are reflections of compromises that it itself is willing to make (here, regulating fishing firms) and compromises that it is not willing to make (here, regulating mining companies). These decisions and relationships provide important lessons regarding the role of law in managing the tensions that global value chains pose on globalisation and sovereignty.

Endonezya Tecrübesi Örnekliğinde İslam Ülkelerinde Kur’an Tedrîsâtı

Bu çalışmada Endonezya’da Kur’an eğitimi, bu eğitimin tarihi süreç içerisinde geçirdiği aşamalar ve günümüzdeki durumu ele alınacaktır. Bununla birlikte gerektiğinde diğer İslam ülkelerinde Kur’an eğitiminin gelişim noktalarına da genel hatları ile değinilecektir. Sadece eğitim kademelerinde değil, Endonezya’da toplumun kültürel ve sosyal yapısının oluşumunda Kur’an tilaveti ve Kur’an okuma yarışmalarının yeri de konu edinilecektir. Çalışmanın bir diğer hedefi olarak İslam toplumlarında ve özellikle Endonezya’da Kur’an eğitimi tecrübesi oryantalist bakış açısından tahlil edilecektir. Tarihi süreç içerisinde meydana gelen uygulamaların siyasi ve sosyal bakış açısından incelenmesi ve Batılı anlayışın değerlendirme tarzının sunulacak olması bu çalışmanın özgün yönünü oluşturacaktır. Kur’an tilaveti ve kıraat ilmi eğitimi tecrübesinin İslam ülkelerinin nüfusu en yoğun olanı üzerinden tahlili ve diğer köklü Kur’an eğitimi tecrübeleri ile mukayesesi bu alana bir katkı sunması açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada kaynaklara ulaşma ve değerlendirme yolu takip edilecektir. Konuya dair çalışmaların birbirinden farklı yönleri olduğu ve değerlendirmelerde indi görüşlerin de yer aldığı görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla objektif bir bakış açısına ulaşmak bütün bu incelemeleri görmeyi gerekli kılmaktadır. İslam dünyasındaki diğer tecrübelerin de ele alınıp bütün İslam ülkelerinin kullanabileceği bir Kur’an eğitimi şablonu çıkarmanın mümkün olduğu müşahede edilmektedir. Modern eğitim tarzı, müfredatı, hedefi, öğretici ve talebe kişilik yapısı gibi hususların klasik eğitim tarzı ile çatıştığı iddiasının geçerliliği de sorgulama konusu yapılabilecektir. İslam eğitim geleneği içinde Kur’an’ın doğru telaffuz ile tilaveti ve bunun sonraki nesillere aktarımı çok büyük bir yere sahiptir. Bu okuyuş şekline ulaştıracak kurallar dizesini içeren ilim, tecvid ilmî olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Sahabe zamanından itibaren bu ilmin öğretimi ve aktarımı için farklı metotlar kullanılmış ve değişik kurumlar oluşturulmuştur. Özü ve değişmezleri muhafaza edilerek, İslam ülkelerinin bulundukları coğrafya ve kültüre göre şekillenen bu eğitim, doğal olarak farklı isimlendirmelerle bilinir olmuştur. Bir İslam ülkesi olan Endonezya’da Kur’an eğitimi, başlangıç seviyesinden en üst düzeye kadar, dönemlere göre farklılıklar arz etmiştir. Müslümanların idaresindeki zaman dilimi ile uzun bir süre devam etmiş olan Hollanda sömürgesi altında geçirdiği süre ve nihayetinde bağımsızlığını kazandıktan sonraki dönemde Kur’an eğitiminin yönteminde ve toplumsal konumunda farklılıklar olduğu görülmektedir. İslami idareler altında geleneksel olarak devam edegelen eğitim anlayışının çeşitli gelişimlerle beraber korunduğu görülmektedir. Seküler Batılı anlayışın eğitimde yaygınlaştırılması ile beraber, hem genel anlamı ile İslami hem de özel anlamda Kur’an eğitiminde değişiklikler meydana gelmiştir. Uzun bir süre, geleneksel İslami anlayışı muhafaza eden büyük bir toplum kesiminin laik okullar anlamındaki Batılı eğitim kurumlarına çocuklarını göndermedikleri görülmüştür. XX. yüzyılın başlarından itibaren, özellikle bağımsızlığını kazandıktan sonra, Batılı eğitim metot ve uygulamalarını takip eden seküler eğitim kurumları ile muhafazakâr İslami yaklaşımın bir etkileşim içerisine girdiği müşahede edilmiştir. Bunun sonucunda bu iki farklı anlayışı mezceden bir adaptasyon sürecinin yaşandığı görülmüştür. Eğitim kurumlarındaki bu gelişmelerin yanında bir İslam toplumu olarak Endonezya’da Kur’an’ın ezberlenmesi anlamındaki tahfîz faaliyetleri hız kesmeden devam etmiştir. Toplumun, Kur’an’ın ezberlenmesi ve okunmasına verdiği bu yüksek önem, her dönemde siyasi idareyi elinde bulunduranların bu durumdan istifade etmeye çalışmalarına yol açmıştır. Bunun bir neticesi olarak özellikle çağdaş dönemde, Kur’an tilaveti yarışmalarının yaygınlaştığı görülmüştür. Sadece hayatın her noktasında belirleyici kurallara sahip olmasıyla değil [“tilavet” kelime olarak, “peşinden gidilen, takip edilen, uygulanan” manalarını da muhtevidir], okunması noktasında da Kur’an belirleyici bir unsur olmuştur. Oryantalist yaklaşım, Kur’an eğitimin gelişim aşamaları ve toplumun oluşturucu unsuru olarak bu eğitimin etkisine ayrı bir alan olarak önem vermiştir. Aynı zamanda yarışmalar merkezli Kur’an tilavetinin ihya hareketleri başta olmak üzere İslam ülkelerinde ve özellikle Endonezya’daki İslami hareketlerin oluşum ve gelişimindeki yeri de oryantalistlerin inceleme alanlarındandır. Bu makale, onların bu hassasiyetlerine dair bir tahlili de sunmaktadır.

Commentary on Titus et al.: Understanding how smoke-free policies can contribute to smoke-free generations.

Commentary on Titus et al.: Understanding how smoke-free policies can contribute to smoke-free generations.

Impacts of forestation on the annual and seasonal water balance of a tropical catchment under climate change

BackgroundThis study aims to assess the effects of a forestation program and climate change on the annual and seasonal water balance of the Bogowonto catchment (597 km2) in Java, Indonesia. The catchment study is rare example in Indonesia where forestation has been applied at the catchment level. However, since the forestation program has been initiated, evaluations of the program only focus on the planting area targets, while the environmental success e.g., impacts on the hydrological processes have never been assessed. This study used a calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to diagnose the isolated and combined effects of forestation and climate change on five water balance components, namely streamflow (Q), evapotranspiration (ET), surface runoff (Qs), lateral flow (Ql) and base flow (Qb).ResultsThe results show that from 2006 to 2019, forest cover has increased from 2.7% to 12.8% of the total area, while in the same period there was an increase in the mean annual and seasonal temperature, rainfall, and streamflow. Results of SWAT simulations show that changes in the mean annual and seasonal water balance under the forestation only scenario were relatively minor, while changes were more pronounced under the climate change only scenario. Based on the combined impacts scenario, it was observed that the effects of a larger forest area on the water balance were smaller than the effects of climate change.ConclusionsAlthough we found that forestation program has minor impacts compared to that of climate change on the hydrological processes in the Bogowonto catchment, seasonally, forestation activity has decreased the streamflow and surface runoff during the wet season which may reduce the risk of moderate floods. However, much attention should be paid to the way how forestation may result in severe drought events during the dry season. Finally, we urge the importance of accounting for the positive and negative effects in future forestation programs.

SANKSI PIDANA KEMATIAN BAGI ORANG KORUPSI DI INDONESIA (Death Criminal Sanctions For Personnel Of Corruption In Indonesia)

The application of capital punishment itself has been regulated in Indonesia as contained in the law. Article 2 paragraph (2) of Corruption Act concerning Eradication of Corruption Crimes. According to Romli Atmasasmita, it was argued that the death penalty for corruptors was effectively implemented in the People's Republic of China (PRC), and it was quite successful to reduce corruption. This certainly can be used as an example in Indonesia in imposing capital punishment for corruptors. The imposition of capital punishment for perpetrators of corruption is urgently needed as "shock therapy" because psychologically the death penalty aims for the benefit of general prevention so that others do not participate in committing crimes. Also, the application of capital punishment is based on the reason that capital punishment is more certain than the prison sentence because the prison sentence is often followed by running away, forgiveness, or because of the release. When compared from an economic standpoint, basically the death sentence is more efficient when compared to life imprisonment. As for the problems that can be formulated, namely: legal arrangements regarding corruption in the Corruption Act; the application of capital punishment sanctions against perpetrators of corruption in Indonesia. The results of the study show that: Corruption is a type of extraordinary crime ("extra-ordinary crime") that must be handled extraordinarily, so that the act is contrary to the 1945 Constitution, therefore it does not need to be protected by the 1945 Constitution. accommodated in Article 2 paragraph (2) of the Corruption Act, must meet the requirements "in certain circumstances" by the Elucidation of Article 2 paragraph (2), but its application has never been implemented, so it is necessary to review the rules "in certain circumstances".

Formation of the National Model of Green Economy in Indonesia: Special Features of Strategic Planning and Government Support

Aim. Through the example of Indonesia, the presented study aims to determine the special features of the formation of the national model of green economy at the level of strategic planning and government support for green investment.Tasks. The author analyzes a wide range of national strategies in different fields, the role of green economy in the strategic planning of the country’s long-term development, and the tools of government support for green investment used by the national government for the implementation of strategic plans.Methods. This study uses a combination of basic scientific methods of cognition, such as synthesis and analysis.Results. Special features of the integration of the principles of green economy in strategic planning are determined. The government’s tools of private fundraising are identified, which are highly demanded by investors and are recommended for use in the Russian Federation. Conclusions. Strategic planning in Indonesia is characterized by the close alignment of strategic priorities with the challenges and opportunities for the country’s sustainable environmental and economic development, while goals and objectives of strategic plans are associated with financial resources. Government support is primarily aimed at solving the problem of private fundraising in strategically important green sectors of the economy. Certain tools of government support for green investment are recommended for use in Russia considering their attractiveness and investor demand.

Peranan Cloud Computing Dalam Bisnis Perusahaan

Cloud computing has existed almost at the same time as when the Internet was introduced to the public. But this term is not as popular as the Internet in many countries, for example in Indonesia. Although cloud computing has been widely used for storages and backups, there are more of its capabilities that have not been explored. This paper aims to introduce the advantages of cloud computing for business, since many small and medium enterprises can not afford to develop their own websites at their local premises. The main reasons for that condition are inadequate fund for the costs and the lack of IT staff to develop and maintain their websites. With cloud computing, those enterprises can compete on the virtual world with small costs.

Polemic of Mudik in Indonesia: How People Deal with Government Regulation Related to Covid-19

Indonesia has a variety of cultures and traditions that develop in society; one of them is mudik, or the tradition of returning to hometown after a month of fasting during Ramadan to celebrate Eid al-Fitr. This tradition is an example of Indonesia's religious, cultural system related to the migration movement from one area to another. For many people, especially Muslims, mudik (homecoming) is considered an important event. However, since Covid-19 has been occurring globally, the government decided to ban this traditional annual activity, and it causes pros and cons to society. This research is intended to analyze society’s responses toward government regulation about the prohibition of mudik (homecoming) in 2021 due to Covid-19. Researchers used a quantitative descriptive method, namely utilizing data obtained through an online simple random sampling survey conducted on several Muslims and supported by literature studies. The result shows 64% of the respondents decided to follow the government regulation by not returning home this year. Based on the result, the existence of this (Addendum) Circular Letter of the Covid-19 Handling Task Force No.13, 2021 became a preventive way to restrain society from returning home for Eid al-Fitr this year.

Economic Law Creation Beautiful Global Indonesia

<p><em>Indonesia is the world 's largest archipelago with 1,904,569 km2 of surface area. A very diverse landscape with a variety of abundance of flora and fauna is a special attraction for foreign tourists. Not only that, the natural wealth in Indonesia 's intestines is also very abundant, as are various minerals and richness from other mining materials. However, a abundance of skilled human capital, both in terms of science and technology mastered, do not complement the plentiful natural resources. This is one of the reasons superpowers should be providing cooperation. PT. PT. Freeport is an clear example of Indonesia 's collaboration in the mining sector with foreign parties. The first contract for Freeport-Indonesia was established in 1967. After the Foreign Investment Law was passed in 1967, Freeport became the first foreign mining firm to operate in Indonesia. But the existence of this partnership was regretted by many because it was perceived to be detrimental to the region. The reason is that so far nobody knows for sure how much gold and silver has been produced from the mining to date. The magnitude of the distribution of mining goods is also not quite good given that Indonesia owns land which is turned into gold fields. There are, in fact, many reports uncovering miserable stories of discrimination by indigenous people around the mining region. Justice is once again present as something that is not only wishful thinking, but also noble values that have to be realized for the collective good of the state goals set out in the Pancasila points and the preamble to the Constitution of 1945.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>Mining, PT. Freeport, Discrimination, justice</em><em></em></p>

The Battle for the Recognition of Wars of National Liberation

The chapter revisits the third world struggle for a full legal recognition of ‘wars of national liberation’ in the 1960s and 70s. Supported by famous United Nations (UN) resolutions, the growing number of ‘newly independent states’ had managed to confer increasing institutional legitimacy to the still-ongoing struggles for independence by incriminating colonialism and racism, as well as by actively promoting support for third-world self-determination. Armed revolts of independence movements against colonial or racist rule between 1945 and 1975, for example in Indonesia, Vietnam, Algeria, Kenya, Namibia, Angola, Guinea, and Western Sahara, figured as ‘wars of national liberation’ in various UN resolutions. Led from beginning to the victorious end by Georges Abi-Saab, the G77 battle for the full recognition of wars of national liberation framed these wars as ‘defensive’ military actions against continuing foreign ‘aggression’ through colonialism. During the 1960s and early 1970s, this move was strongly opposed by most Western authors, who argued that these conflicts were internal struggles and thus merely ‘civil wars’ or legitimate reactions to ‘terrorist’ activities. The chapter argues that even though the third world could ultimately secure a victory in this legal struggle, it could not prevent that Cold War interventionism of the superpowers and the former metro-poles, as well as proxy-wars, nationalism and militarization further destabilized the societies in the ‘newly independent states’.

Monitoring within-country health inequalities: the example of Indonesia

The world is united on the path to achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – in which, specifically in the realm of health, Universal Health Coverage is the central strat...

Enforcing labour rights of irregular migrants in Indonesia

The multi-directional nature of labour migration flows has resulted in an increasing number of countries having become both senders and receivers of regular and irregular migrants. However, some countries continue to see themselves primarily as senders and so ignore their role as a receiving country, which can have negative implications for the rights of migrants in their territory. Using the example of Indonesia, which is State Party to the 1990 UN Convention on the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Their Families, this article demonstrates that irregular migrant workers in this country have the legal right to protection against labour exploitation even when they work despite the government’s prohibition on employment. The article discusses the ‘right to work’ and how international human rights law has translated it into the ‘right to protection from labour exploitation’ for irregular migrants in Indonesia. By way of two case studies about the Indonesian government’s handling of irregular migrants, it shows how it prioritises enforcement of the immigration law over labour and employment laws much like countries that have not ratified the ICRMW. It also draws attention to legal protection gaps that emerge for asylum seekers when they are recognised to be genuine refugees.

What do we mean by school entry age? Conceptual ambiguity and its implications: the example of Indonesia

ABSTRACTThe age pattern of school entry reflects a complex social and empirical reality that is inadequately captured by a single number. Recognising these complexities in national and international research and policy discourse raises important but neglected questions around the identification of vulnerable groups, the relative value of pre-primary and primary education, as well as the normative powers and responsibilities of governments vis-à-vis parents, and the international educational community vis-à-vis both. This is illustrated by the example of Indonesia, where the official age norm for primary school entry is widely disregarded in practice, with a majority of children starting school one or even two years earlier. Crucially, it is the compliant children entering at the statutory age who tend to be from more disadvantaged households, and enjoy no benefit in educational outcomes from their greater maturity.

Linking Irrigation Development with the Wider Agrarian Context: Everyday Class Politics in Water Distribution Practices in Rural Java

Poor performance of government managed irrigation systems persists globally despite numerous policies over the last four decades to address the problem. I argue that policy efforts to improve irrigation performance in developing countries fail in part because they are often formulated in isolation from the existing agrarian reality. This article uses the example of Indonesia to show the link between irrigation outcomes and the wider agrarian context and highlights how the interface between farmers and irrigation bureaucracies is shaped by the existing agrarian structure.

HIV Cascade Monitoring and Simple Modeling Reveal Potential for Reductions in HIV Incidence.

To estimate the potential reduction in HIV incidence, we constructed a risk equation based on a flow diagram of the HIV cascade, linking HIV diagnosis and treatment coverage with estimates of annual incidence and prevalence. This was applied to numerous settings. Some countries have already achieved high diagnosis and treatment levels, and if the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) targets of 90% diagnosis and 90% antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage were achieved, then population incidence could not reduce very substantially. Other countries have a high HIV diagnosis level but low treatment coverage; the United States, for example, could expect to achieve up to a 50% reduction in incidence by prioritizing treatment scale-up to achieve a 48% increase among those diagnosed, together with only a 4% increase in diagnosis to reach targets. Other countries have low diagnosis and treatment levels; if, for example in Indonesia, both are scaled up by approximately 60% to reach UNAIDS targets, it is possible to achieve a 50%-55% reduction in incidence (or around 65% reduction if they also achieve 90% viral suppression). Finally, some countries, including across sub-Saharan Africa, have high treatment coverage but low diagnosis levels, requiring testing to be scaled up to maximize ART benefits of up to 35%-40% reductions in incidence, requiring a greater than 40% increase in diagnosis and 10% increased coverage of ART on top of covering most of those newly diagnosed with ART. The HIV testing or treatment scale-up required to maximize reduction in the incidence of HIV is context specific; attainable relative reductions are inversely related to baseline levels.

Extension Agrometeorology as the Answer to Stakeholder Realities: Response Farming and the Consequences of Climate Change

Extension agrometeorology is applied in agrometeorological extension work to advice and serve farmers. In agrometeorology, response farming has been developed decades ago. Climate change complicates response farming, but does not alter it. This paper reports on new operationalization of that response farming in new educational commitments in agroclimatology. It is explained how “Science Field Shops” are an example in Indonesia. This was based on a thorough analysis of what climate change means for farmers in Asia. For Africa, we report on eying the training of agrometeorological extension trainers (“product intermediaries”) in West Africa, based on a thorough analysis of what climate change means for farmers in Africa. We also compare experience with reaching farmers in South Africa and farmer communities in Zambia, as new forms of supporting response farming, all under conditions of a changing climate. The paper, for the first time, connects results from four different programs the senior author is taking part in. There is first and foremost the need for training material to make it possible for the product intermediaries to participate in training extension intermediaries. This should, particularly, bring new knowledge to farmers. With what is presently available and with new approaches, climate extension should be developed and tested with farmers in ways that improve farmer preparedness and decision making.

ANTROPOLOGI PASCA “PEMBANGUNAN”: DIMENSI ANTROPOLOGI TERAPAN

This article is about Anthropology of Post Development: A dimension of Applied Anthropology. Changes in the system include the changes in content, organization, premise and value. Exploring the processes of change is a challenge to anthropology. Applied anthropology is used in the study of cultural changes. The contribution given starts from the planning until the program is over, for example, anthropologists work together with health specialists in the frame of change in the sub-culture of the recipients. Anthropology works on the whole system using holistic approach. For example, the discussion of religion cannot be separated from mythology and folklore, magi, philosophy, family, economic life, arts, belief about death, disease and curing. Another perspective of anthropology is cultural relativism where cultural and lifestyle differences can only be understood, for example in Indonesia, in the interface between midwife with modern new health elements. The popular method for data collection in anthropology is participant observation. This method is appropriate for the understanding of KAP (knowledge, attitude and practice) or cultural behavior.