Examination Of Children Research Articles

Çocuklarda Deri Muayenesi; Hemşirenin Rol ve Sorumlulukları

Deri tüm vücudumuzu kaplayan en geniş organımızdır. Yaşımızı ve sağlık durumumuzu yansıttığı gibi birçok hastalık konusunda bizlere ipuçları verebilir. Çocuklarda derinin dikkatli muayene edilmesi çok önemlidir ve çocukla ilgili hemşireye oldukça önemli ipuçları verir. Dikkatli ve bütüncül yapılan bir deri muayenesi çocuğun beslenme ve hidrasyon durumu, psikolojik durumu ve aile yapısı hakkında bizi bilgilendirir. Deri yapı ve fonksiyon olarak çocuklarda ve yetişkinlerde büyük benzerlik gösterse de yaş dönemlerine göre dikkat edilmesi gereken bazı farklılıklar ve noktalar vardır. Deri muayenesinde sisteme özgü öykü alınmalı ve ardından yine sisteme özgü fizik muayene yapılmalıdır. Derinin izlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi hemşirelik mesleğinin yetki ve sorumlulukları kapsamında da belirtilmiştir. Aynı zamanda çocukluk çağı boyunca yaş dönemlerine göre görülen deri hastalıkları da değişkenlik göstermektedir. Hemşireler bu hastalıkların neler olduğunu, hangi belirti ve bulgular ile seyredebileceğini bilmeli ve aileleri yönlendirmelidir. Bu derleme pediatri hemşirelerinin yaş dönemlerine göre çocuklarda deri muayenesi yaparken dikkat etmeleri gereken noktalara, muayene tekniklerine ve çocuklarda sık görülen deri hastalıklarına güncel bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır.

The Collaborative Nature of Testimonial Learning.

Children's testimonial learning often occurs in epistemic collaborations with others. In this paper, we will discuss ways in which cultural learning emerges in social and interpersonal contexts, and is intrinsically supported and guided by children's collaborative capacities. Much work in cultural learning has focused on children's examination of speaker and model characteristics, but more recent research has investigated the interactive aspects of testimonial exchanges. We will review evidence that children (1) participate in the interpersonal commitments that are shared in testimonial transactions by way of direct address and epistemic buck passing, (2) participate in social groups that affect their selective learning in nuanced ways, and (3) may detect epistemic harms by listeners who refuse to believe sincere and accurate speakers. Implications for conceptualizing children's testimonial learning as an interactive mechanism of collaboration will be discussed.

Parental Educational Levels and Occupations as Determinants of Their Children's Examination Integrity and Academic Performance

This study examined the impact of parental levels of education and occupations on students’ examination integrity and academic performance. It was based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Expost-facto and survey research designs were used in the study. Data was collected with an Academic Integrity Measurement Instrument from 3214 sampled students and their academic performance in their last school examination was collected from their school authorities. The two-way ANOVA was used to run the analysis for determining the association or differences between parental level of education and occupations as independent variables and examination integrity and academic performance as dependent variables. It was found that fathers who have master’s degrees and mothers who have bachelor’s degree/HND exerted the greatest impact on their children's examination integrity. Fathers who belong to the military/police occupations and Mothers who are unemployed have the greatest impact on their children's examination integrity while parents who belong to the civil service and military/police occupations have the greatest impact on their children's academic performance. It was, therefore, concluded that parental levels of education and occupations significantly impact students’ examination integrity and academic performance and implications of these findings for adoption of proactive strategies against examination malpractices were discussed.

A simple home test to differentiate habitual from pathological mouth breathing.

Mouth breathing (MB) is defined as breathing through the mouth alone or the mouth and the nose for more than six months. Unfortunately, after managing its mechanical causes, MB may continue due to habit, obscuring the results of surgical correction of nasal breathing and misleading to unnecessary or aggressive maneuvers. to develop and evaluate a new test to define children of habitual MB. Design: a prospective observational study conducted from May 2022 to February 2023. multicenter; outpatient university clinics and a private ENT center. 577 children aged 2-12 years and complaining of MB during sleep (±daytime) for ≥6 months were assessed for eligibility, 340 were excluded due to a lack of inclusion criteria, 29 declined or discontinued participation, and 208 were enrolled. Of these, 180 gave reliable data. After about 1h of the child's sleep, the parent applies one warmed hand to close the child's open mouth recording his awakeness time (AT) for a maximum of 3min for three nights. On the next visit, the child's examination started for obstruction causes, including endoscopy, and the test results were collected. The AT was compared to examination results aiming to find a significant diagnostic relation. Children with no abnormality in the clinical and endoscopic examination were considered habitual mouth breathers. Among 94 males and 86 females aged 2-12 years, MB duration ranged from 6 to 42 months, with a mean of 15.9. The home test results were presented by the mean AT in seconds. The awakeness time (AT) could discriminate patients' abnormalities at a cut-off level of <133s, with 98.5% sensitivity and 89.7% specificity. Results <133s are considered positive. Positive results mean the presence of a cause of obstruction. Negative results suggest no reason could be detected by endoscope or clinical examination. True positive children were 120 (66.7%), and 12 (6.7%) were false positive. True negative children were 43 (23.9%), and 5 (2.8%) were false negative. Test results ≥133s are associated with habitual MB. We recommend the test for the initial assessment of night MB.

An Examination of Children's Language Acquisition Through the Utilization of a Corpus-Based Approach

An Examination of Children's Language Acquisition Through the Utilization of a Corpus-Based Approach

CHALLENGES IN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF COELIAC DISEASE AND GLUTEN INTOLERANCE IN CHILDREN

CHALLENGES IN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF COELIAC DISEASE AND GLUTEN INTOLERANCE IN CHILDREN

Improving Dental and Oral Health through Counseling and Training on Dental and Oral Health Maintenance and Introduction of Dental Radiography Examination in Children and Installation of Sinks at Belawan Islamic Junior High School, Medan Belawan District

Improving Dental and Oral Health through Counseling and Training on Dental and Oral Health Maintenance and Introduction of Dental Radiography Examination in Children and Installation of Sinks at Belawan Islamic Junior High School, Medan Belawan District

Parent–Child Relationships from Adolescence to Adulthood: An Examination of Children’s and Parent’s Reports of Intergenerational Solidarity by Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status from 1994–2018 in the United States

Background: Parent–child relationships are increasingly central in family life due to the delayed transition to adulthood. Methods: Using data from Add Health and the Add Health Parent Study from 1994–2018, we examine changes in parent–child relationships reported by the child and the parent across gender, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) from ages 12–43 years old. We examine three broad categories of intergenerational solidarity: Affectual (closeness, relationship quality, and emotional support), associational (satisfaction with communication), and functional (financial and instrumental support). Results: For the overall sample, parent–child closeness remains high but decreases from ages 12–43. By gender, we find that daughters report lower relationship quality with their mothers and fathers in adolescence. By race and ethnicity, we find that parent–child closeness is highest among Black respondents. By SES, we find that respondents whose mothers attained less than a high school degree report the greatest mother–child closeness. Conclusions: Overall, parents remain an important source of emotional, instrumental, and financial support in the transition to adulthood, especially for Black and low-SES adolescents. It is important to pay attention to the intersectional nature of the parent–child relationship with regard to the timing of the life course and race, ethnicity, gender, and SES.

An Examination of Children’s Artworks from Canadian Indigenous Residential Schools

An Examination of Children’s Artworks from Canadian Indigenous Residential Schools

Reliability of Acoustic Pharyngometry and Rhinometry Examination in Children and Adolescents.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the method error and reliability of acoustic pharyngometry and rhinometry in children and adolescents and to describe the feasibility of these methods in a young population. The study sample included 35 healthy subjects in the age of 9 to 14 years. The subjects were randomly recruited for the present project in the period from June 2021 to February 2022. Repeated measurements of the upper airway dimensions in standing mirror position were performed by the use of Acoustic Pharyngometer and Rhinometer. Volume (cm3), calculated resistance (cm H2O/L/min), mean area (cm2), minimum cross-sectional area (MCA, cm2) and distance to MCA (cm) were examined. Method errors and reliability coefficients were evaluated using Dahlberg's formula and the Houston reliability coefficient. The feasibility of the methods were analysed using paired t-test and estimated by difference in drop-out rates. No systematic error exhibited in the repeated measurements except volume in the left nostril (P = 0.017). The method errors of the acoustic pharyngometry and rhinometry were betweeen 0.0002 to 0.069 and 0.001 to 0.082 respectively. The Houston reliability coefficient for both methods were between 0.952 to 0.999. The acoustic pharyngometry was significantly more feasible compared to rhinometry (P < 0.001). The study shows that acoustic pharyngometry and rhinometry in the standing mirror position are reliable methods, with acoustic pharyngometry being even more feasible than rhinometry, which is why it is recommended to practice the methods with children and ensure reliability of results before registering measurements.

Is technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy available for predicting vesicoureteral reflux in children with first febrile urinary tract infection under the age of 24 months?

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common complication after urinary tract infection (UTI) and can lead to irreversible renal scar. Voiding cystourethrogram is the most reliable technology to detect VUR and its severity, but it is restricted in children's examinations for various shortcomings. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficiency of Tc-99m DMSA renal scintigraphy and conventional ultrasonography (USG) in predicting VUR with the gold standard of cystourethrogram results. This retrospective study consisted of 285 first febrile UTI children under the age of 24 months who completed inflammatory indicator examinations, USG, Tc-99m DMSA renal scintigraphy and underwent cystourethrography after controlling infection with prophylactic antibiotics. The efficiency of Tc-99m DMSA renal scintigraphy and USG in predicting VUR was calculated and compared. Abnormal USG (40.23% vs. 21.72%, P = 0.001) and Tc-99m DMSA renal scintigraphy results (87.36% vs. 71.72%, P = 0.004) were more common in VUR children. The sensitivity of USG in predicting VUR was only 40.23%, whereas the sensitivity and negative predictive value of Tc-99m DMSA renal scintigraphy reached 87.63 and 83.58%, respectively. Tc-99m DMSA renal scintigraphy had a higher efficacy than USG in predicting high-grade reflux kidneys (73.87% vs. 33.33%; P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in predicting low-grade reflux kidneys ( P = 0.703). Tc-99m DMSA renal scintigraphy had a significant higher efficiency in predicting VUR (a common cause of renal scarring, detected on DMSA) in first febrile urinary tract infection children under the age of 24 months as compared with USG, especially in high-grade reflux.

Transabdominal Ultrasound Measurement of the Diameter of Rectal Ampulla as a Less Invasive Modality for Digital Rectal Examination in Children with Functional Constipation

Background: Constipation is one of the most common complaints in children. Guidelines on functional constipation recommend digital rectal examination (DRE) when constipation is suspected. However, diagnosis of megarectum by ultrasonography would differentiate children with constipation from those with dysfunctional defecation. Objectives: In this research, we evaluated the utilization of ultrasonography to measure the diameter of rectal ampulla for the diagnosis of functional constipation. Methods: In this study, 94 patients &lt; 14 years old diagnosed with functional constipation were included. Patients were examined by both DRE and ultrasonography before and after a conventional stool softener treatment. Results: The diameter of the rectal ampulla was significantly wider in patients with large stool mass in DRE than in patients with normal digital rectal exams. There was a significant relationship between fecal incontinence and pre-treatment DRA. By increasing the severity of fecal incontinence, the average DRA in patients increased significantly. Additionally, there was a significant statistical difference between the patient’s DRA before and after treatment. Finally, the relationship between constipation and DRA adjusted model showed that the risk of abnormal DRA was 3.1 times larger in patients with three and four symptoms than in patients with two symptoms and this relationship was statistically significant. Conclusions: Ultrasonography can be a suitable replacement for DRE; however, further investigations are required.

The Key to Translation: An Examination of Children’s Human Rights Under Government Care and Protection in Manchester and Santa Cruz, Jamaica

According to the Care and Protection Act of Jamaica (2004), protection and provisional rights have historically taken precedence over the participation rights of children – that is, the right to freely express views and maintain a voice in decisions that affect them. To fulfill the participation rights of children, as outlined by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), government organizations are encouraged to develop practices that optimize the individual freedom, autonomy, and views of children. I conducted an ethnographic study of the practices used to address the human rights and social needs of abused and neglected children placed under government care and protection in Manchester, Jamaica. My ethnographic research reveals how government staff and caretakers prioritized children’s participation rights, giving them input into their standard of care. As such, it illustrates the process of “vernacularization,” which refers to the translation of global human rights ideas to socially relevant norms in communities.

Privacy-aware examination results ranking for the balance between teachers and mothers

As the main parent and guardian, mothers are often concerned with the study performance of their children. More specifically, most mothers are eager to know the concrete examination scores of their children. However, with the continuous progress of modern education systems, most schools or teachers have now been forbidden to release sensitive student examination scores to the public due to privacy concerns, which has made it infeasible for mothers to know the real study level or examination performance of their children. Therefore, a conflict has come to exist between teachers and mothers, which harms the general growing up of students in their study. In view of this challenge, we propose a Privacy-aware Examination Results Ranking (PERR) method to attempt at balancing teachers' privacy disclosure concerns and the mothers' concerns over their children's examination performance. By drawing on a relevant case study, we prove the effectiveness of the proposed PERR method in evaluating and ranking students according to their examination scores while at the same time securing sensitive student information.

Abdominal Examination Of Children With Telemedicine In Covid-19 Pandemic

The first application of telemedicine was a banal event on March 10, 1876, when British inventor Alexander Graham Bell accidentally spilled acid on his suit while working on his patented "telephone apparatus" and used the device to call his colleague Thomas A. Watson, who was present in the next room, for help. If the distance was only a few meters during this first medical emergency or remote call only 130 years ago, telemedicine has developed until today to a tool that enabled the ground personnel of the American space agency "NASA" to provide medical monitoring or care for astronauts located in the thermosphere - in real time.

Evidence-Based Screening to Optimize the Yield of Positive Ophthalmologic Examinations in Children Evaluated for Suspected Child Abuse.

To determine nonocular findings associated with significant retinal hemorrhage on dilated fundus examination in cases of suspected child abuse. This was a retrospective chart review from May 2014 to August 2021 at a level-1 trauma center. Two hundred seventy-four patients met the following inclusion criteria: (1) children 36 months and younger; (2) concern for child abuse; and (3) had an ophthalmology consultation. Through univariate and multivariate logistic regression, the study produced a screening algorithm for ophthalmic work-up in child abuse. One or more abnormal neuroimaging findings had a statistically significant association with retinal hemorrhages and produced the strongest association with a univariate odds ratio of 170 (confidence interval: 10.245 to > 999.999). The multivariate model (P < .0001 with a c-statistic of 0.980) proposes using the following variables for predicting retinal hemorrhage on examination: abnormal neuroimaging, Glasgow Coma Scale score less than 15, altered mental status on examination, seizure activity, vomiting, bruising, scalp hematoma/swelling, and skull fractures. This study elucidates clinical and imaging factors that correlate to retinal findings, validating previously studied variables and introducing new variables to be considered. The authors propose an evidence-based screening algorithm to increase the yield of positive dilated examinations and decrease the burden of potentially unnecessary child abuse ophthalmologic examinations. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2022;59(5):310-319.].

Examination of Children’ Playing Game Tendencies and Digital Game Preferences Based on Gender

This study reports on a survey of 4-8th grade students’ (N=10139) playing game tendencies and digital game preferences based on gender. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the children’ playing game tendencies and digital game preferences. And also, frequent pattern mining was used to discover which digital games are played frequently and together by children. The findings showed that children have an increase time spent playing games on weekend and boys tend to playing game more than girls. On the other hand, action games stood out as the most common choice among the children both girls and boys. In terms of game language, Turkish and English games were preferred almost equally. In addition, children mostly preferred digital games that can be played online, offering in-app purchases, and played on mobile devices. According to the frequency of playing, it was found that the children mostly preferred to play Minecraft, followed by Subway Surfers and Hay Day, respectively. In terms of gender, it was concluded that girls mostly preferred Subway Surfers, while boys played Hay Day. When the games were considered according to the frequency of playing together, Temple Run and Subway Surfers games among girls, and FIFA and Piano Tiles games among boys can be played together. The research reveals more detailed information about children’ game preferences in terms of gender.

Gynecological Examination in Children and Adolescents

Pediatric gynecological examination is one of the gynecological examinations that are quite simple, but many doctors are unable to do it properly because of the infrequentness of doing this examination. Consulting a child with gynecological complaints, endocrine problems, or sexual abuse often takes a long time and is thorough. However, evidence-based data on the problem of gynecological examinations in children and adolescents are inadequate because of the high bias in many studies. The purpose of this review is to seek from the literature regarding the correct procedures for gynecological examinations in children and adolescents, the order of examinations, and how to carry out a good examination so as not to leave a traumatic experience for children.

Application of Smoking Control Behavior and Psychological Intervention in Medical Imaging Examination of Children's Health Information

Objectives: Tobacco use is not only harmful to the health of smokers, but also poses a threat to the health of people who are exposed to passive smoking, especially to children in their growth and development. This paper presents the application of smoking control behavior and psychological intervention in children's health information medical (imaging) examination. This paper is divided into three parts: The first part is the basic research of smoking control behavior and psychological intervention. The second part is the experimental model of medical image examination based on tobacco control, which introduces the experimental method and specific operation steps in detail. The core of the model is the improvement and optimization of smoking control behavior and psychological intervention and CT detection methods. By customizing services, the improved approach is more suitable for pediatric patients. The third part of this paper is comparative analysis. Through a large number of comparative experiments, the analysis of experimental data shows that psychological intervention in time during the smoking control behavior of children can effectively reduce the occurrence of psychological problems, and reduce the detection rate of mental health problems.

Narrative Elicitation as Ethnography: Methodological Insights From the Examination of Children's Perspective Marking in Amdo Tibetan.

This paper employs a case study with Amdo Tibetan children to demonstrate the benefits of narrative elicitation for ethnographic language socialization research in under-studied languages. Primarily by examining spontaneous verbal interaction, existing language socialization research has demonstrated how salient grammatical resources shape children's understanding of cultural belief systems pertaining to sociality and the appropriate display of emotion. However, spontaneous data do not always capture children's full linguistic repertoires and competencies, and may therefore present a partial picture of their mastery over particular grammatical systems. One such area that remains to be studied is how children use interactional cues to build their emerging knowledge of grammatical perspective marking in Tibetan languages. This paper integrates narrative elicitation with ethnographic methods from language socialization to examine how Amdo Tibetan children mark perspective using evidentiality, the grammatically-obligatory encoding of knowledge source, an area not frequently documented in language socialization studies. Language socialization research involved 15-months of participant observation, audio-video recording, and analysis of spontaneous interactions with children aged 1–4. This ethnographic research found that adults' narratives highlighted local theories about the importance of compassion (Tib. snying rje) by using grammatical evidentiality to emphasize characters' direct experiences in the story-world. However, grammatical evidentiality was under-represented in children's spontaneous talk. To provide further insight into children's mastery of evidentiality in this culturally salient communicative genre, I conducted narrative elicitation tasks with seven Amdo Tibetan children, aged 2–7. By framing narrative elicitation tasks as forums for social interaction in family homes, I adapted a method traditionally used in experimentation to complement the study of naturalistic interaction. Interaction analysis of the elicited narratives found that family members positioned young children as novice narrators, leading to dialogic rather than monologic narratives. Young children co-constructed shared perspectives on narrated events, and used evidentiality in conventionalized ways by mirroring the grammatical forms of adults' previous utterances. By adapting narrative elicitation tasks to language socialization's ethnographic methods, this paper models how qualitative researchers can locate patterns in children's experiences of language across complementary settings of data collection, an endeavor that is particularly important to research with child speakers of under-documented languages.