Examination Of China Research Articles

How to Integrate the Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of Senior High Schools with the College Entrance Examination in China— Localization research of Comprehensive Quality Evaluation in Senior High Schools from the Perspective of Sino-American Comparison

How to Integrate the Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of Senior High Schools with the College Entrance Examination in China— Localization research of Comprehensive Quality Evaluation in Senior High Schools from the Perspective of Sino-American Comparison

Sex-Specific Risk Factors Associated with Helicobacter pylori Infection Among Individuals Undergoing Health Examinations in China.

PurposeHelicobacter pylori is one of the most common causes of peptic ulcers, gastritis, and gastric cancers. This study investigated sex-specific differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection and its associated factors among individuals undergoing hospital-based health examinations in southern China.MethodsThis study enrolled consecutive healthy individuals who underwent regular health examinations at a hospital physical examination center between September 2020 and September 2021. Anthropometric characteristics and biochemical profiles were measured. All individuals underwent carbon-13 urea breath tests. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the factors associated with H. pylori infection.ResultsA total of 5035 individuals (men, 59.1%; women, 40.9%) were included in the analyses. The total rate of H. pylori infection was 35.0% (men, 35.5%; women, 34.3%). In the multivariate analysis, the risk factors identified for H. pylori infections were high fasting blood glucose levels and blood pressure ≥160 mmHg in men and older age, high body mass index, and low albumin levels in women.ConclusionThese findings suggest that physicians must be aware of the metabolic factors associated with H. pylori infections in the Chinese population. Early detection of these factors and timely intervention are expected to reduce H. pylori infections and provide a theoretical basis for the primary prevention of several gastrointestinal diseases.

China’s Approach to International Law: From Traditional Westphalianism to Aggressive Instrumentalism in the Xi Jinping Era

Abstract China has been expanding its engagement with the international legal order for decades,1 yet its general approach to international law remains mysterious or at least hard to understand. This article provides a preliminary examination of China’s contemporary international legal stance. It argues that, although China has appeared to be a follower of the traditional Westphalianism, it is at heart an instrumentalist in terms of complying with international law. In the Xi Jinping era, China’s approach to international law can be characterized as ‘aggressive instrumentalism’, though Xi Jinping’s ‘Community of Shared Future for Mankind’ concept has arguably also demonstrated a certain degree of idealism.

Age Distribution of 4526 Surgically Excised Specimens of Eye Tumors by Histopathological Examination in China.

Cumulative evidence suggests that the risk of eye tumors varies among different age groups and populations. The purpose of the present study was to assess the age distribution of eye tumors in China. In this retrospective study, the age distribution of various types of eye tumors was analyzed on surgically excised and histologically confirmed specimens obtained from 4492 patients (4526 eyes), collected between 2001 and 2017. Of the 4526 specimens, 3156 eyes (69.7%) had benign eye tumors, while 1370 eyes (30.3%) had malignant tumors. The age-specific incidence of eye tumors was characterized by a bimodal distribution, one peak occurred at age 0-9 years (19.7%) and the other at 50-59 years (14.7%) of age. Malignant eyelid tumors were very rare under the age of 20 years, but increased to 78% of all eyelid tumors by the age of 70 years. Children aged 0-9 years old were 6.5 times as likely to have a malignant eye tumor (95% CI, 4.1-10.4) as those aged 10-19 years. The age-related variation of eye tumors was also observed in the top ten categories of both benign (p < 0.001) and malignant types (p = 0.001). These results showed that age is a major factor determining the type of eye tumor, confirmed by histopathological analysis.

An Analysis Model of Potential Topics in English Essays Based on Semantic Space

&lt;p&gt;With the reform of English examination in China in recent years, the automatic evaluation of English essays as subjective questions has always been the focus and difficulty of research. The existing automatic essay evaluation system (AEE) has obtained good feedback on the vocabulary, syntactic and other features of English essays, but there is still a problem of low accuracy in the analysis of potential topic in English essay. In order to solve this problem, this paper takes relational triples as the carrier to analyze the potential topics of English essays. By constructing the hierarchical topic trees hybrid semantic spaces to carry out topic clustering, distributed representation of topic relational triples and topic set extension in English essays. Then, based on the improved on-topic analysis algorithm in this paper, the paper analyzes the topic of English essay in multiple dimensions to obtain more abundant potential on-topic semantic information. The experiment results show that the proposed model can reduce the noise caused by non-topic words effectively, and improve the fine-grained topic semantic space in English essays, and the proposed model has better performance than the current methods of on-topic analysis in English esssays.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

One Country, Two Calendars: An Examination of China's A-Share Stock Market

One Country, Two Calendars: An Examination of China's A-Share Stock Market

City Health Examination in China: A Methodology and Empirical Study

City Health Examination in China: A Methodology and Empirical Study

Efficiency and Safety of Eltrombopag for Multi-Line Failed Chinese Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia: Cases with Decreased Megakaryocyte Response Well from Single Center Experience

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by decreased platelet (PLT) count in peripheral blood and marrow megakaryocyte dysfunction, which was induced by antiplatelet antibodies or cytotoxic T cells. Many ITP patient were previously full response to first-line treatment such as corticoids (CIS) or immunoglobulin (IVIG), but were intolerant or relapse during the maintenance treatment, and turn to receive recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO), rituximab (RTX), splenectomy as well as immunosuppressive therapy (IST). Unfortunately, there still some patients failed to multiple treatments are faced with high bleeding risk.Eltrombopag, the first oral non-peptide thrombopoietin receptor agonist (TPO-RA) that approved by US FDA in 2008, is the second-line treatment option for chronic ITP based on guideline recommendation. As reported, the effective rate of eltrombopag in ITP ranges from 59% to 89.7%, and limited predictive factors were available to assess the efficiency for individual. The characteristic of marrow megakaryocyte (MK) in ITP was reported as normal or hyper megakaryocytosis on the initiation (before treatment), however there are also ITP patients with decreased marrow MK, and the response of eltrombopag to these patients have not been fully reported. Bone marrow aspiration is a routine examination in China for the diagnosis of ITP with severe thrombocytopenia. Therefore, we conducted a research tried to assess the efficiency of eltrombopag to patients with multi-line failed ITP, and analyzing the possible factors may contribute to the differences based on personal characteristic.Thirty-five multi-line failed ITP patients with PLT count bellow 30× 10 9/L who received eltrombopag treatment were enrolled, and divided into three groups, the hyper-MK (MK count>35, n=17), normal-MK (8-35, n=10) and hypo-MK (≤7, n=8) groups. The average PLT count was 10.63±6.30×10 9/L before eltrombopag treatment, and it increased significantly to 12 (2-65)×10 9/L, 39 (2-212)×10 9/L, 68 (2-453)×10 9/L, 60 (3-358)×10 9/L, and 75 (3-308)×10 9/L in the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th , and 8th weeks after treatment (all P=0.000, except 1st week). The median intervals time required for platelet to reach 30×10 9/L and 100×10 9/L for the first time were 11 (4-40) and 21 (10-65) days, respectively (Fig. A-C). We found the overall, complete (PLT count ≥100×10 9/L) and partial response (PLT count ≥30×10 9/L or at least twice the baseline value) rates were 54.3% (n=19), 48.6% (n=17), and 5.7% (n=2) respectively to eltrombopag in our center. The overall response rate of patient with decreased MK was 75%, which was unexpectedly higher than the patient with increased or normal MK count (52.9% and 40%, respectively) (Fig. D). To explain the underling mechanism, we detected the peripheral T lymphocyte, B lymphocytes and NK cells before eltrombopag. Results showed that the patient with decreased MK were characteristic with higher T helper (Th) cells (39.62±2.01%) and regulatory T (Tregs) cells (7.93±1.63%) when compared to the hyper-MK (30.44±10.95%, 4.23±1.67%) and normal-MK group (25.67±5.72%, 4.81±2.12%). For patient with poorer eltrombopag response group, more percentage and absolute number of NK cells (15.48±7.12%, 234.4±91.80×10 6/L) were found in peripheral blood (Fig. E-F). We also discovered that previous first-line (CIS or IVIG) treatment, rhTPO effectiveness, RTX splenectomy and IST had no influence on eltrombopag response (Fig. G). As for safety, nine eltrombopag related adverse events were reported, and most commonly were upper respiratory tract infection (8.6%), elevated ALT (5.7%), and venous thrombosis (5.7%). All the side effect was cured by symptomatic treatment, eltrombopag dose reduction or discontinue.In summary, ITP patients with decreased megakaryocyte respond well to eltrombopag, and the abnormality of NK cells may play a role in patients exert a poor response. In further clinical practice, we should considering the megakaryocytes count as well as peripheral NK population to better predicting eltrombopag response in ITP patients. [Display omitted] DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Rethinking the liberation of China’s seed market: a comparative study of China’s regulatory frameworks with EU and US

ABSTRACT Drawing on interviews with China’s seed governance authorities, agricultural research institutes and seed companies, this paper aims at better understanding the transition of China’s seed governance systems by looking into the revisions of China’s Seed Law since 1949. With the latest dramatic transformation of China’s domestic seed market, and the strong presence of Chinese agribusiness in the global seed market, a closer examination of China’s laws and regulations on the domestic seed industry is not only justified, but much needed. Counteracting the prevailing positive assessment on these new changes from the government and the seed companies, in this paper, I show that China’s seed governance is moving from a precautionary system that resembles the European path to a system featuring self-governance with strengthened legal means that shares more similarities with the US path. Such a system transition will lead to the rising power of China’s large agribusiness companies globally, in contrast with increasingly weakened seed governance and a more problematic future for seed sovereignty.

Do you dare to travel to China? An examination of China's destination image amid the COVID-19

The impact of COVID-19 on destination image is critical for international tourism recovery. This study is conducted focusing on China, the first epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic, with mixed methods. Drawing on survey data collected from 500 US travelers, the study first examines China's destination image perceptions and travel intention. The results reveal that (1) US respondents have low travel intentions to China amid the pandemic; (2) Destination safety and security is the most influential image factor that leads to the low travel intentions to China. News media is proposed to have significant influence on China's image formation due to the COVID-19. A simple content analysis is conducted on CNN's news and China is found to be tied closely with COVID-19 and most news articles are emotionally negative. Those respondents who follow news outlet websites for COVID-19 view China more negatively and have lower travel intentions.

Can authoritarian regimes achieve just energy transition? Evidence from China’s solar photovoltaic poverty alleviation initiative

Energy justice is an important concept drawing attention to fairness and equity in the transition to clean energy. Recently, a theme that highlights procedural and distributive injustices of energy transition in authoritarian regimes, particularly China, has emerged in the literature. This study challenges this perspective with an examination of China’s photovoltaic poverty alleviation initiative (PVPA)—a policy that aims to ease poverty through a clean energy transition in rural areas. The evidence collected from interviews and surveys shows that a just energy transition has been achieved by the PVPA in two ways. First, from a just procedure perspective, there are institutionalized mechanisms ensuring procedural justice, including public consultation conducted at the village level and the disclosure of information regarding the distribution of benefits. Second, from a just outcome perspective, the PVPA has made a positive material impact on poor rural households, and more broadly, village collectives. These findings show that just energy transitions in authoritarian regimes are possible, but they assume a path in which top-down politics, rather than bottom-up pressure, is the key driving force.

Association between Ambient Air Pollution and MRI-Defined Brain Infarcts in Health Examinations in China.

The study aimed to evaluate the relationships between air pollutants and risk of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-defined brain infarcts (BI). We used data from routine health examinations of 1,400,503 participants aged ≥18 years who underwent brain MRI scans in 174 cities in 30 provinces in China in 2018. We assessed exposures to particulate matter (PM)2.5, PM10, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) from 2015 to 2017. MRI-defined BI was defined as lesions ≥3 mm in diameter. Air pollutants were associated with a higher risk of MRI-defined BI. The odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) for MRI-defined BI comparing the highest with the lowest tertiles of air pollutant concentrations was 2.00 (1.96–2.03) for PM2.5, 1.68 (1.65–1.71) for PM10, 1.58 (1.55–1.61) for NO2, and 1.57 (1.54–1.60) for CO. Each SD increase in air pollutants was associated with 16–42% increases in the risk of MRI-defined BI. The associations were stronger in the elderly subgroup. This is the largest survey to evaluate the association between air pollution and MRI-defined BI. Our findings indicate that ambient air pollution was significantly associated with a higher risk of MRI-defined BI.

Does Economic Agglomeration Lead to Efficient Rural to Urban Land Conversion? An Examination of China’s Metropolitan Area Development Strategy

Urbanization involves expansion of the amount of land covered by urban uses. Rural to urban land conversion (RULC) can satisfy demand for the additional space that growing cities require. However, there can be negative consequences, such as the loss of productive agricultural land and/or the destruction of natural habitats. Considerable interest therefore exists among policy makers and researchers regarding how the efficiency of RULC can be maximized. We used the Gini index and a data envelopment analysis to quantify the relationship between RULC and economic development for 17 metropolitan areas in China. We did this from two perspectives: (i) coordination; and (ii) efficiency. We found that economic agglomeration fosters the coordination of the amount of rural land that is allocated to be converted to urban uses. Similarly, economic agglomeration increases the efficiency of RULC in terms of the processes of socio-economic production. Through production technology innovation and readjustment in the scale of input factors, the productive efficiency of RULC can be promoted. Our findings suggest a need to strictly limit the amount of RULC, design differential land management policies according to location and development level, and adjust RULC allocation between different cities. Further, in harnessing the potential of intensive urban land use and restructuring, production factors, including land, can be enhanced through technological innovation. Research presented in this paper provides insights for areas of the world which are yet to undergo the rapid urbanization that China has experienced, but where it is projected to occur over the coming decades.

The Chinese Approach to Human Rights

This essay explores meanings and implications of China’s approach to human rights through an examination of China’s discourse and action at the international and domestic levels. First it considers China’s engagement with multilateral human rights norms, processes to shape human rights norms and practice in line with its own priorities and China’s increasingly assertive resistance of criticism of its domestic human rights performance. Second it examines the domestic context within which human rights are given effect. The essay examines the ways in which domestic institutional and ideological frameworks and key concepts such as constitutional governance, development, stability and security shape the domestic governance of human rights. It argues that these concepts have been institutionalised in a way that sits in tension with and even displaces a human rights approach to governance.

Study on Teaching Strategies of Continuation Task

The continuation task is a combination of reading and writing, where students are required to write a composition which is highly consistent with the original text in terms of language, structure, plot and so on. This type of exercise is a comprehensive carrier to test students' ability of comprehension , expression and innovative thinking. Based on the analysis of related theories of the continuation task, this paper takes the English test of the National College Entrance Examination in China in July 2020 as an example to explore how teachers guide students to finish the continuation task in high quality. The purpose of this paper is to provide an effective reference for future English teaching in continuation task.

Forensic examination of abusive head trauma in child abuse cases

Abusive head trauma (AHT) in child abuse cases is rarely encountered in the practice of forensic examination in China, and such cases are rarely reported. The authors reviewed a large number of relevant domestic and foreign studies to differentiate between the definitions of AHT and shaken baby syndrome; determine the relationship between the two; and discuss their epidemiology, mechanism, and symptoms. In addition, the main points in forensic examination and strategies for preventing AHT are also summarized to help forensic workers and clinicians identify and prevent such injuries.

A New ASCVD Risk Factor Management Model after Health Examination in China -- Based on 259 Cases Under 15-Month Diversified Health Intervention

Object: This study aimed to report our experience in setting up the new health management model after medical examination in our center for those examinees with risk factors of ASCVD and in need of some supervision. Method: 259 examinees enrolled underwent medical examination, ASCVD risk assessment, health education and management. Health education consisted of individual and group, and management characterized in integration of medicine and nursing, connection with the clinical, intervention in grades, combination of offline and online management and periodical evaluation. After 15 moths, comparison was made in the following aspects: ASCVD awareness rate, cardiovascular health condition, lifestyle (diet, exercise, diet, etc.), biochemical indicators (fast blood sugar, HbAlc, cholesterol, LDL, etc) and ASCVD risk. Result: ASCVD related disease awareness was raised significantly, diabetes from 6.56% to 14.29, hypertension from 30.50% to 43.24% and hyperlipidemia from 3.47% to 37.07%, as well as cardiovascular health condition with its score from 8.67±2.19 to 9.66±2.01. Healthy lifestyle was basically built, with diet standard-reaching rate from 22.78% to 45.95%, exercise standard-reaching rate from 20.85% to 62.93% and average daily tobacco consumption volume from 13.27±5.63 cigarettes down to 10.49±5.35 (P>0.05). However, the standard reaching condition in biochemical indicators ( fast blood sugar, HbAlc, cholesterol, LDL ) did not improve significantly, neither was ASCVD risk (P<0.05).3 Conclusion: Through 15 months’ operation, the new ASCVD risk factor management model proved to be of significant effect in disease awareness raising, cardiovascular health condition improving, healthy lifestyle establishing. More time is needed for biochemical indicator bettering and ASCVD risk decreasing. Funding Statement: None. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that they do not have any commercial or associative interest that represents a conflict in connection with work submitted. Ethics Approval Statement: A consent form was signed by each participant. After obtaining the approval of institutional review board, the medical reports of all participants were reviewed to collect corresponding clinical information.

The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on tuberculosis control in China

BackgroundIn response to the COVID-19 epidemic, China implemented a series of interventions that impacted tuberculosis (TB) control in the country. MethodsBased on routine surveillance data and questionnaires, the study analyzed TB notification, follow-up examinations, and treatment outcomes. The data were split into three phases in relation to outbreak, lockdown and reopen when the nationwide COVID-19 response started in 2020: control (11 weeks prior), intensive (11 weeks during and immediately after), and regular (4 additional weeks). Data from 2017–2019 were used as baseline. FindingsThe notified number of TB patients decreased sharply in the 1st week of the intensive period but took significantly longer to rebound in 2020 compared with baseline. The percentages of TB patients undergoing sputum examination within one week after 2 months treatment and full treatment course in the intensive period were most affected and decreased by 8% in comparison with control period. 75•2% (221/294) of counties reallocated CDC and primary health care workers to fight the COVID-19 epidemic, 26•9% (725/2694) of TB patients had postponed or missed their follow-up examinations due to travel restrictions and fear of contracting COVID-19. InterpretationIn the short term, the COVID-19 epidemic mostly affected TB notification and follow-up examinations in China, which may lead to a surge of demand for TB services in the near future. To cope with this future challenge, an emergency response mechanism for TB should be established. FundingNational Health Commission of China–Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation TB Collaboration project (OPP1137180).

Temperature and high-stakes cognitive performance: Evidence from the national college entrance examination in China

We provide the first nation-wide estimates of the effects of temperature on high-stakes cognitive performance in a developing country using data from the National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) in China. The NCEE is one of the most important institutions in China and affects millions of families. We find that a one-standard-deviation increase in temperature during the exam period within counties (2 °C/3.6 °F) decreases the total test score by 0.68%, or 5.83% of a standard deviation, with effects concentrated on the highest performing students. This suggests that temperature plays an important role in high-stakes cognitive performance and has potentially far-reaching impacts for the careers and lifetime earnings of students.

Linking Risk Perception to Breast Cancer Examination Intention in China: Examining an Adapted Cognitive Mediation Model

ABSTRACT Drawn upon the cognitive mediation model, this study proposes an adapted model and examines the mechanisms by which Chinese women’s risk perception of breast cancer becomes associated with their breast cancer examination intention. Our hypothesized model was largely supported by an online survey with a nationwide sample of 458 Chinese women. The results indicated that a person’s perceived risk for breast cancer motivated information seeking and scanning using various mass media and online channels, which then positively predicted the person’s quest for greater elaboration and more interpersonal discussion. In addition, elaboration was positively associated with breast cancer-related factual knowledge and subjective norms, whereas interpersonal discussion only exerted a positive relationship with subjective norms but not factual knowledge. As predicted, knowledge and subjective norms were positively associated with people’s intentions to pursue breast cancer examination. Future research should consider both information seeking and scanning in the process of media learning and reflection. In addition to intrapersonal factors like knowledge, the interpersonal reasoning process that cultivates a favorable social influence is pivotal in promoting breast cancer examination in China.