Exact Periodic Wave Research Articles

New exact double periodic wave and complex wave solutions for a generalized sinh–Gordon equation

In this paper, dependent and independent variable transformations are introduced to solve a generalized sinh–Gordon equation by using the binary F-expansion method and the knowledge of elliptic equation and Jacobian elliptic functions. Many different new exact solutions such as double periodic wave and complex wave solutions are obtained. Some previous results are extended.

Generalized Bilinear Differential Operators, Binary Bell Polynomials, and Exact Periodic Wave Solution of Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli Equation

We introduce how to obtain the bilinear form and the exact periodic wave solutions of a class of (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear integrable differential equations directly and quickly with the help of the generalizedDp-operators, binary Bell polynomials, and a general Riemann theta function in terms of the Hirota method. As applications, we solve the periodic wave solution of BLMP equation and it can be reduced to soliton solution via asymptotic analysis when the value ofpis 5.

Traveling Wave Solutions of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony Equation

We use bifurcation method of dynamical systems to study exact traveling wave solutions of a nonlinear evolution equation. We obtain exact explicit expressions of bell-shaped solitary wave solutions involving more free parameters, and some existing results are corrected and improved. Also, we get some new exact periodic wave solutions in parameter forms of the Jacobian elliptic function. Further, we find that the bell-shaped waves are limits of the periodic waves in some sense. The results imply that we can deduce bell-shaped waves from periodic waves for some nonlinear evolution equations.

Modulational instability based on the exact solution of nonlinear Schrödinger equation with an elliptic potential

A method of investigation of modulation instability based on the exact solution of nonlinear Schrödinger equation with an elliptic potential is proposed. Based on the exact periodic wave solution and soliton solution, the perturbation coupled equations are obtained and solved by a numerical method. We analyze the perturbation gain spectrum in detail and find that the perturbation is affected by parameters of an optical lattice potential. The modulation depth V affects the amplitude of gain spectrum, while the modulation periodic k affects both the amplitude and the fastest growth frequency of gain spectrum.

The functional variable method for finding exact solutions of some nonlinear time-fractional differential equations

In this paper, we implemented the functional variable method and the modified Riemann–Liouville derivative for the exact solitary wave solutions and periodic wave solutions of the time-fractional Klein–Gordon equation, and the time-fractional Hirota–Satsuma coupled KdV system. This method is extremely simple but effective for handling nonlinear time-fractional differential equations.

Exact Peakon, Compacton, Solitary Wave, and Periodic Wave Solutions for a Generalized KdV Equation

We employ the approaches of both dynamical system and numerical simulation to investigate a generalized KdV equation, which is presented by Yin (2012). Some peakon, compacton, solitary wave, smooth periodic wave, and periodic cusp wave solutions are obtained, and the planar graphs of the compactons and the periodic cusp waves are simulated.

A Variety of Exact Periodic Wave and Solitary Wave Solutions for the Coupled Higgs Equation

In this work, the coupled Higgs field equation is studied. The extended Jacobi elliptic function expansion methods are efficiently employed to construct the exact periodic solutions of this model. As a result, many exact travelling wave solutions are obtained which include new shock wave solutions or kink-shaped soliton solutions, solitary wave solutions or bell-shaped soliton solutions, and combined solitary wave solutions are formally obtained.

Analytical spatiotemporal soliton solutions to (3+1)-dimensional cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with distributed coefficients

We obtain exact spatiotemporal periodic traveling wave solutions to the generalized (3+1)-dimensional cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with spatial distributed coefficients. For restrictive parameters, these periodic wave solutions acquire the form of localized spatial solitons. Such solutions exist under certain conditions, and impose constraints on the functions describing dispersion, nonlinearity, and gain (or loss). We then demonstrate the nonlinear tunneling effects and controllable compression technique of three-dimensional bright and dark solitons when they pass unchanged through the potential barriers and wells affected by special choices of the diffraction and/or the nonlinearity parameters. Direct numerical simulation has been performed to show the stable propagation of bright soliton with 5% white noise perturbation.

The bifurcation and exact peakons, solitary and periodic wave solutions for the Kudryashov–Sinelshchikov equation

In this paper, the Kudryashov–Sinelshchikov equation is studied by using the bifurcation method of dynamical systems and the method of phase portraits analysis. From dynamic point of view, the existence of peakon, solitary wave, smooth and non-smooth periodic waves is proved and the sufficient conditions to guarantee the existence of the above solutions in different regions of the parametric space are given. Also, some new exact travelling wave solutions are presented through some special phase orbits.

Symbolic Computation and the Extended Hyperbolic Function Method for Constructing Exact Traveling Solutions of Nonlinear PDEs

On the basis of the computer symbolic system Maple and the extended hyperbolic function method, we develop a more mathematically rigorous and systematic procedure for constructing exact solitary wave solutions and exact periodic traveling wave solutions in triangle form of various nonlinear partial differential equations that are with physical backgrounds. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed method gives new and more general solutions. More importantly, the method provides a straightforward and effective algorithm to obtain abundant explicit and exact particular solutions for large nonlinear mathematical physics equations. We apply the presented method to two variant Boussinesq equations and give a series of exact explicit traveling wave solutions that have some more general forms. So consequently, the efficiency and the generality of the proposed method are demonstrated.

Bifurcation Behaviour of the Travelling Wave Solutions of the Perturbed Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with Kerr Law Nonlinearity

In this paper, we study the bifurcations and dynamic behaviour of the travelling wave solutions of the perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) with Kerr law nonlinearity by using the theory of bifurcations of dynamic systems. Under the given parametric conditions, all possible representations of explicit exact solitary wave solutions and periodic wave solutions are obtained

NONLINEAR WAVES IN NEWTON'S CRADLE AND THE DISCRETE p-SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION

We study nonlinear waves in Newton's cradle, a classical mechanical system consisting of a chain of beads attached to linear pendula and interacting nonlinearly via Hertz's contact forces. We formally derive a spatially discrete modulation equation, for small amplitude nonlinear waves consisting of slow modulations of time-periodic linear oscillations. The fully nonlinear and unilateral interactions between beads yield a nonstandard modulation equation that we call the discrete p-Schrödinger (DpS) equation. It consists of a spatial discretization of a generalized Schrödinger equation with p-Laplacian, with fractional p > 2 depending on the exponent of Hertz's contact force. We show that the DpS equation admits explicit periodic traveling wave solutions, and numerically find a plethora of standing wave solutions given by the orbits of a discrete map, in particular spatially localized breather solutions. Using a modified Lyapunov–Schmidt technique, we prove the existence of exact periodic traveling waves in the chain of beads, close to the small amplitude modulated waves given by the DpS equation. Using numerical simulations, we show that the DpS equation captures several other important features of the dynamics in the weakly nonlinear regime, namely modulational instabilities, the existence of static and traveling breathers, and repulsive or attractive interactions of these localized structures.

Combined periodic wave and solitary wave solutions in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates

In this paper, the Jacobi elliptic function expansion method provides an effective approach to obtain the exact periodic wave solutions of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates. Exact combined bright-bright and dark-dark soliton wave solutions can be achieved in their limit conditions. We also obtain the different formation regions of combined solitons. Our results show that the intraspecies (interspecies) interaction strengths clearly affect the formation of dark-dark, bright-bright and dark-bright soliton solutions in different regions.

New exact periodic wave solutions for the Dullin–Gottwald–Holm equation

In this paper, the Dullin–Gottwald–Holm equation is studied using semi-inverse method and integral bifurcation method. New periodic waves such as peakon-like periodic wave, compacton-like periodic wave and singular periodic wave are found and their dynamical behaviors and certain strange phenomena are explained using the proposed criterion. The exact parametric representations of these waves are also presented.

Binary Bell Polynomials, Bilinear Approach to Exact Periodic Wave Solutions of (2 + 1)-Dimensional Nonlinear Evolution Equations

In the present letter, we get the appropriate bilinear forms of (2 + 1)-dimensional KdV equation, extended (2 + 1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation and (2 + 1)-dimensional Sawada—Kotera equation in a quick and natural manner, namely by appling the binary Bell polynomials. Then the Hirota direct method and Riemann theta function are combined to construct the periodic wave solutions of the three types nonlinear evolution equations. And the corresponding figures of the periodic wave solutions are given. Furthermore, the asymptotic properties of the periodic wave solutions indicate that the soliton solutions can be derived from the periodic wave solutions.

Exact periodic, cusp, solitary and loop wave solutions of the EX-ROE

The extended reduced Ostrovsky equation (EX-ROE) is investigated by using the dynamical system theory. The bifurcation phase portraits are drawn in different regions of parameter plane. The bounded travelling wave solutions such as periodic waves, periodic cusp waves, solitary waves, peakon, solitary loop waves and periodic loop waves are obtained. The dynamic characters of these solutions are investigated.

HOMOCLINIC MANIFOLDS, CENTER MANIFOLDS AND EXACT SOLUTIONS OF FOUR-DIMENSIONAL TRAVELING WAVE SYSTEMS FOR TWO CLASSES OF NONLINEAR WAVE EQUATIONS

For the Lax KdV5 equation and the KdV–Sawada–Kotera–Ramani equation, their corresponding four-dimensional traveling wave systems are studied by using Congrove's method. Exact explicit gap soliton, embedded soliton, periodic and quasi-periodic wave solutions are obtained. The existence of homoclinic manifolds to three kinds of equilibria including a hyperbolic equilibrium, a center-saddle and an equilibrium with zero pair of eigenvalues is revealed. The bifurcation conditions of equilibria are given.

Exact periodic wave solutions for the differential-difference KP equation

In this paper, Riemann theta functions are used to construct one-periodic and two-periodic wave solutions to the differential-difference KP bilinear equation, and the key step is the dependence of the equations on independent variables in this process. Finally, we also present their asymptotic relations between the periodic wave solutions and the soliton solutions.

Evolution of the exact spatiotemporal periodic wave and soliton solutions of the (3 + 1)-dimensional generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation with distributed coefficients

In this paper the spatiotemporal evolution of the periodic wave is investigated analytically when the laser passes through the inhomogeneous nonlinear medium. Firstly, the (3+1)-dimensional generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation with distributed coefficients is solved analytically by an improved homogeneous balance principle and F-expansion technique. A number of exact periodic traveling wave and spatiotemporal soliton solutions are obtained. Then, their propagation characteristics are analyzed in detail. It is found that the evolutions of propagation of spatiotemporal soliton and periodic wave solutions are regular when the diffraction and dispersion coefficients are the identical distributed coefficients, but the evolutions of propagation of these solutions are irregular with other coefficients.

Exact periodic cross-kink wave solutions and breather type of two-solitary wave solutions for the (3 + 1)-dimensional potential-YTSF equation

In this paper, the (3+1)-dimensional potential-YTSF equation is investigated. Exact solutions with three-wave form including periodic cross-kink wave, periodic two-solitary wave and breather type of two-solitary wave solutions are obtained using Hirota’s bilinear form and generalized three-wave approach with the aid of symbolic computation. Moreover, the properties for some new solutions are shown with some figures.