Exact Pattern Research Articles

Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy for the Evaluation of Peripheral Microangiopathy in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and refractory autoimmune joint disease that affects multiple organs. Several methods have been applied for the study of microvascular endothelial dysfunction, which is considered an important component of vascular disease in RA. Implementation of nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) represents a viable choice, as the skin is an easily accessible window for the non-invasive, real-time assessment of subtle microcirculation abnormalities. Although NVC is routinely used in the rheumatology field, especially for the diagnostic workout of Raynaud’s phenomenon, accumulating evidence suggests a role in the evaluation of systemic vasculopathy associated with autoimmune rheumatic disorders. The current paper aims to provide an overview of NVC as a valuable clinical aid for the assessment of peripheral microcirculation in RA. Previous studies characterizing the capillaroscopic pattern in RA are summarized, along with associations with disease-related characteristics. Most available reports have mainly focused on the descriptions of non-specific morphological alterations that may reflect endothelial injury over the course of the disease. Still, the exact pattern of structural and functional capillaroscopic alterations and their clinical significance in RA remains a subject of ongoing research.

Profil Fingerprinting Populasi Etnis Sumba Barat Daya pada Mahasiswa IKIP Budi Utomo

Fingerprints as evidence of very important material are believed to have unique and distinctive properties in the sense that no two individuals have the exact same fingerprint pattern, even identical twins have different fingerprint patterns. A person's fingerprint will not change for a lifetime. The objectives to be achieved in this study are to identify and identify the dominant fingerprint pattern in the ethnic population of Southwest Sumba, the students of IKIP Budi Utomo Malang.This type of research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach to identify the fingerprinting profile of the ethnic population of Southwest Sumba, the students of IKIP Budi Utomo Malang. The fingerprint samples taken will be analyzed at the IKIP Budi Utomo Malang campus. The identification results in the fingerprinting profile study of the Southwest Sumba ethnic population, the students of IKIP Budi Utomo Malang showed that the dominant general pattern was the Loop pattern with a percentage of 55.0% or 385 fingers, the second dominant pattern was the whorl pattern with a percentage of 42.29% or 229 fingers. While the first dominant sub-unit pattern is the Ulnar Loop pattern with a percentage of 52.71% or 369 fingers and the second dominant pattern is the Plain Whorl pattern with a percentage of 32.71% or 229 fingers.

Solving String Problems on Graphs Using the Labeled Direct Product

Suffix trees are an important data structure at the core of optimal solutions to many fundamental string problems, such as exact pattern matching, longest common substring, matching statistics, and longest repeated substring. Recent lines of research focused on extending some of these problems to vertex-labeled graphs, either by using efficient ad-hoc approaches which do not generalize to all input graphs, or by indexing difficult graphs and having worst-case exponential complexities. In the absence of an ubiquitous and polynomial tool like the suffix tree for labeled graphs, we introduce the labeled direct product of two graphs as a general tool for obtaining optimal algorithms in the worst case: we obtain conceptually simpler algorithms for the quadratic problems of string matching (SMLG) and longest common substring (LCSP) in labeled graphs. Our algorithms run in time linear in the size of the labeled product graph, which may be smaller than quadratic for some inputs, and their run-time is predictable, because the size of the labeled direct product graph can be precomputed efficiently. We also solve LCSP on graphs containing cycles, which was left as an open problem by Shimohira et al. in 2011. To show the power of the labeled product graph, we also apply it to solve the matching statistics (MSP) and the longest repeated string (LRSP) problems in labeled graphs. Moreover, we show that our (worst-case quadratic) algorithms are also optimal, conditioned on the Orthogonal Vectors Hypothesis. Finally, we complete the complexity picture around LRSP by studying it on undirected graphs.

DRAM-CAM: General-Purpose Bit-Serial Exact Pattern Matching

Exact pattern matching is a widely used kernel in many applications. A DRAM-based processing-in-memory (PIM) architecture, Sieve, was recently proposed to alleviate the bottleneck stage of sequence matching in genomics. This paper observes that other exact-pattern-matching-intensive workloads can benefit from a similar architecture. We extend Sieve with several cost-effective modifications, such as a population count logic, chip-level parallelism support, and a hardware data transposition unit, making a general-purpose DRAM-CAM and key-value store that outperforms both CPU and various PIM solutions.

Challenges in publication forAyurvedic professionals

During pandemic covid 19 ayurved professionals has done remarkable work in clinical research but due to fear of framing manuscripts in proper classical guidelines as stated by equator network, ICMJE, and fear of rejection of submitted manuscript for open access , double blind peer reviewed research journals, henceforth documented research was not published.Professionals need scientific guidance , motivation, encouragement, financial support as well as knowledge of scientific medical writings and guidelines of publication ethics .One can get solution on every problems for medical writings of a manuscript to be accepted for publication. By understanding the exact pattern of challenges faced by ayurved professionals solutions can be executed through arranging workshops on scientific medical writings for Ayurvedic system of medical sciences.

Shape Grammar for House Facade along the Alley in Urban Kampung, Tambora, Jakarta

The shape grammar can reveal the socio-spatial uniqueness that moulds the geometric shapes and elements of the house facade in a dense area of the urban kampung. The façade tends to not have the exact pattern due to adjustment of daily activities and needs in Tambora Jakarta. However, the grassroots have formed the pattern of events along the alley that represents contexts like milieu, economics, and social conditions. The alley has overlapping layers between private and public activities, which contribute to the geometric shapes and elements of the façade in Tambora. The house facade depicts activities and relationships inside and outside that manifest in geometric shapes and elements of the facade. Hereafter, this research combines the shape grammar for the geometric pattern of the facade and the pattern language for the qualitative contexts. The first step is categorising the geometric shapes and elements of the facade and the socio-spatial aspects into defined shape rules. Then, mapping the pattern language of activities and needs between inside–house program and outside–the use of space along the alley to delineate spatial relation. The result intends to comprehend the correlation between the logic of the geometric shape and facade elements concerning the qualitative context.

Age differences in implicit and explicit personality traits

Past research suggests that personality differs by age—older adults tend to be more conscientious, agreeable, and less neurotic than younger adults. However, most of these studies have used self-report measures of personality which may be influenced by people's motivations to appear socially desirable that also change over time. If these changing motivations affect the validity of personality measures, our understanding of age differences in personality may need to be revised. In the current study (N = 12,702), we examined age differences in implicit (i.e., IAT-based) and explicit (i.e., traditional self-report) measures of personality. Although we found some heterogeneity in the exact non-linear age patterns of personality across different measures, the age patterns were largely consistent across implicit and explicit measures of personality.

Human tooth enamel tuft drapes revealed by microtomography

ObjectiveThe tufts of human dental enamel are structures located at the enamel-dentin junction and whose origin has not been clearly established. Although studies have highlighted their protein content and hypomineralization, none has been able to shed light on their 3D structure. The aim of this study was to reveal the whole structure using high-resolution conventional microtomography. DesignTen adult mandibular first and second molars and two primary mandibular first molars were sectioned and scanned with microcomputed tomography with a resolution between 4.7 and 5 micrometers. By determining the threshold discriminating dentin and tufts, we were able to reconstruct 3D meshes. ResultsWe revealed the exact pattern of the tufts in adult molars and discovered their distribution, their dynamics, and the existence of a regular undulation, forming a particular angle of approximately 30 degrees with the dentin surface. A spatial frequency of approximately 160 micrometers would be compatible with the variation in the orientation of groups of dental enamel rods. In contrast, the present setting is not sufficient to extract similar information for primary teeth. ConclusionsEnamel tufts have a specific pattern, with an oriented draped form and are regularly spaced. The possible connection between these undulations and the Hunter-Schreger bands (diazonias and parazonias) needs to be studied.

From Stable PH‐Ylides to α‐Carbanionic Phosphines as Ligands for Zwitterionic Catalysts

AbstractAlthough ylides are commonly used reagents in organic synthesis, the parent methylphosphine MePH2 only exists in its phosphine form in the condensed phase. Its ylide tautomer H3P+−CH2− is considerably higher in energy. Here, we report on the formation of bis(sulfonyl)methyl‐substituted phosphines of the type (RO2S)2C(H)−PR2, which form stable PH ylides under ambient conditions, amongst the first examples of an acyclic phosphine which only exists in its PH ylide form. Depending on the exact substitution pattern the phosphines form an equilibrium between the PH ylide and the phosphine form or exist as one of both extremes. These phosphines were found to be ideal starting systems for the facile formation of α‐carbanionic phosphines. The carbanion‐functionalization leads to a switch from electron‐poor to highly electron‐rich phosphines with strong donor abilities and high basicities. Thus, the phosphines readily react with different electrophiles exclusively at the phosphorus atom and not at the carbanionic center. Furthermore, the anionic nature of the phosphines allows the formation of zwitterionic complexes as demonstrated by the isolation of a gold(I) complex with a cationic metal center. The cationic gold center allows for catalytic activity in the hydroamination of alkyne without requiring a further activation step.

From Stable PH-Ylides to α-Carbanionic Phosphines as Ligands for Zwitterionic Catalysts.

Although ylides are commonly used reagents in organic synthesis, the parent methylphosphine MePH2 only exists in its phosphine form in the condensed phase. Its ylide tautomer H3P+−CH2 − is considerably higher in energy. Here, we report on the formation of bis(sulfonyl)methyl‐substituted phosphines of the type (RO2S)2C(H)−PR2, which form stable PH ylides under ambient conditions, amongst the first examples of an acyclic phosphine which only exists in its PH ylide form. Depending on the exact substitution pattern the phosphines form an equilibrium between the PH ylide and the phosphine form or exist as one of both extremes. These phosphines were found to be ideal starting systems for the facile formation of α‐carbanionic phosphines. The carbanion‐functionalization leads to a switch from electron‐poor to highly electron‐rich phosphines with strong donor abilities and high basicities. Thus, the phosphines readily react with different electrophiles exclusively at the phosphorus atom and not at the carbanionic center. Furthermore, the anionic nature of the phosphines allows the formation of zwitterionic complexes as demonstrated by the isolation of a gold(I) complex with a cationic metal center. The cationic gold center allows for catalytic activity in the hydroamination of alkyne without requiring a further activation step.

Detecting social information processing profiles of boys with aggressive behavior problems: An interactive virtual reality approach

Children with aggressive behavior problems may aggress for different reasons, requiring tailored assessment and treatment. The aim of this study was to test whether it is possible to detect distinct social information processing (SIP) profiles among boys with aggressive behavior problems. We therefore conducted Latent Profile Analyses on boys' SIP patterns assessed in interactive virtual reality. Additionally, we examined the discriminant validity of these SIP profiles by comparing them on theoretically relevant child characteristics (i.e., temperament, executive functioning, aggressive belief systems, punishment insensitivity, sensation seeking). We presented boys (N = 181; ages 7-13) with a virtual classroom where they could play games with virtual peers. They reported on their SIP in four virtual reality scenarios, designed to assess reactive and proactive aggressive SIP. Results revealed four distinct SIP profiles: a general reactive SIP profile, a situation-specific reactive SIP profile, a mixed reactive-proactive SIP profile, and a nonaggressive SIP profile. Planned contrasts revealed that boys with these SIP profiles differed in temperament, aggressive belief systems, and punishment insensitivity, but not in executive functioning and sensation seeking. Overall, findings suggest that boys differ in the exact SIP patterns underlying their aggressive behavior, providing inroads to tailor interventions to children's individual needs.

Pain in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a narrative review.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by loss of motor neurons, resulting in motor weakness of the limbs and/or bulbar muscles. Pain is a prevalent but neglected symptom of ALS, and it has a significant negative impact on the quality of life of patients and their caregivers. This review outlines the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, underlying mechanisms, and management strategies of pain in ALS to improve clinical practice and patient outcomes related to pain. Pain is a prevalent symptom among patients with ALS, with a variable reported prevalence. It may occur at any stage of the disease and can involve any part of the body without a specific pattern. Primary pain includes neuropathic pain and pain from spasticity or cramps, while secondary pain is mainly nociceptive, occurring with the progression of muscle weakness and atrophy, prolonged immobility causing degenerative changes in joints and connective tissue, and long-term home mechanical ventilation. Prior to treatment, the exact patterns and causes of pain must first be identified, and the treatment should be tailored to each patient. Treatment options can be classified into pharmacological treatments, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiepileptic drugs, drugs for cramps or spasticity, and opioid; and nonpharmacological treatments, including positioning, splints, joint injections, and physical therapy. The development of standardized and specific assessment tools for pain-specific to ALS is required, as are further studies on treatments to reduce pain, diminish suffering, and improve the quality of life of patients with ALS.

PPVC: Online Learning Toward Optimized Video Content Caching

Today’s Internet traffic has been dominated by video contents. To efficiently serve online videos for millions of users, it is essential to cache frequently requested videos on various devices such as edge servers, personal computers, etc. Existing caching algorithms are mainly designed by leveraging the information of past request records. However, it is insufficient to only use simple statistics of past request records, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e.g.</i> , video popularity which ignores the occurrence time of past video request events and the discrepancies among individual devices. In this paper, we propose a radically different learning-based video caching algorithm for Internet devices, called <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PPVC (Point Process based Video Cache)</i> which can take exact video request patterns into account. By utilizing Hawkes Process (HP), we are able to link the future video request rates of a device with three kinds of historical records, namely, historical requests for the same video launched by the device itself, historical requests for the same video from other devices with a similar request pattern, and historical requests for other similar videos from the same device. The video request patterns can be efficiently computed via Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). Parameters linking these historical events can be determined by maximizing the likelihood of historical events. To further reduce the computation load, we also propose an online version of PPVC, which can timely update cached videos with the incremental arrival of events. One nice property of PPVC is that it can adapt to the change of video popularity very fast and is also applicable to Internet devices at different levels, ranging from the high-level servers that serve a large population of users to the low-level user devices ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e.g.</i> , personal computers). Finally, we conduct extensive simulations with real traces and the results show that PPVC can always achieve the best video caching performance in terms of the hit rate on all levels of Internet devices, and quickly adapt to the dynamics of video requests.

Coordinate-Free Circumnavigation of a Moving Target Via a PD-Like Controller

This article proposes a coordinate-free controller for a nonholonomic vehicle to circumnavigate a fully- actuated moving target by using range-only measurements. If the range rate is available, our proportional derivative (PD) like controller has a simple structure as the standard PD controller, except the design of an additive constant bias and a saturation function in the error feedback. We show that if the target is stationary, the vehicle asymptotically encloses the target with a predefined radius at an exponential convergence rate, i.e., an exact circumnavigation pattern can be completed. For a moving target, the circumnavigation error converges to a small region whose size is shown proportional to the maneuverability of the target, e.g., the maximum linear speed and acceleration. Moreover, we design a second-order sliding mode (SOSM) filter to estimate the range rate and show that the SOSM filter can recover the range rate in a finite time. Finally, the effectiveness and advantages of our controller are validated via both numerical simulations and real experiments.

Quantum-effective exact multiple patterns matching algorithms for biological sequences.

This article presents efficient quantum solutions for exact multiple pattern matching to process the biological sequences. The classical solution takes Ο(mN) time for matching m patterns over N sized text database. The quantum search mechanism is a core for pattern matching, as this reduces time complexity and achieves computational speedup. Few quantum methods are available for multiple pattern matching, which executes search oracle for each pattern in successive iterations. Such solutions are likely acceptable because of classical equivalent quantum designs. However, these methods are constrained with the inclusion of multiplicative factor m in their complexities. An optimal quantum design is to execute multiple search oracle in parallel on the quantum processing unit with a single-core that completely removes the multiplicative factor m, however, this method is impractical to design. We have no effective quantum solutions to process multiple patterns at present. Therefore, we propose quantum algorithms using quantum processing unit with C quantum cores working on shared quantum memory. This quantum parallel design would be effective for searching all t exact occurrences of each pattern. To our knowledge, no attempts have been made to design multiple pattern matching algorithms on quantum multicore processor. Thus, some quantum remarkable exact single pattern matching algorithms are enhanced here with their equivalent versions, namely enhanced quantum memory processing based exact algorithm and enhanced quantum-based combined exact algorithm for multiple pattern matching. Our quantum solutions find all t exact occurrences of each pattern inside the biological sequence in n}{}O((m/C)sqrt{N}) and n}{}O((m/C)sqrt{t}) time complexities. This article shows the hybrid simulation of quantum algorithms to validate quantum solutions. Our theoretical–experimental results justify the significant improvements that these algorithms outperform over the existing classical solutions and are proven effective in quantum counterparts.

Models for two- and three-stage two-dimensional cutting stock problems with a limited number of open stacks

We address three variants of the two-dimensional cutting stock problem in which the guillotine cutting of large objects produces a set of demanded items. The characteristics of the variants are the rectangular shape of the objects and items; the number of two or three orthogonal guillotine stages; and a sequencing constraint that limits the number of open stacks to a scalar associated with the number of automatic compartments or available space near the cutting machine. These problems arise in manufacturing environments that seek minimum waste solutions with limited levels of work-in-process. Despite their practical relevance, we are not aware of mathematical models for them. In this paper, we propose an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation for each of these variants based on modelling strategies for the two-dimensional guillotine cutting stock problem and the minimisation of the open stacks problem. The first two variants deal with exact and non-exact 2-stage patterns, and the third with a specific type of 3-stage patterns. Using a general-purpose ILP solver, we performed computational experiments to evaluate these approaches with benchmark instances. The results show that several equivalent solutions of the cutting problem allow obtaining satisfactory solutions with a reduced number of open stacks.

Seroma after Simple Mastectomy in Breast Cancer-The Role of CD4+ T Helper Cells and the Evidence as a Possible Specific Immune Process.

Seroma development after breast cancer surgery is the most common postoperative complication seen after mastectomy but neither its origin nor its cellular composition is known. To investigate the assumption of immunological significance, one of the first aims of this pilot study is to describe the cellular content of collected seroma fluids and its corresponding serum in patients with simple mastectomy after needle aspiration, as well as the serum of healthy controls. The content of red blood cells (RBC) was measured by haemato-counter analyses, and the lymphocyte identification/quantification was conducted by flow cytometry analyses in seroma fluid (SFl) and the sera of patients (PBp) as well as controls (PBc). Significantly lower numbers of RBCs were measured in SFl. Cytotoxic T cells are significantly reduced in SFl, whereas T helper (Th) cells are significantly enriched compared to PBp. Significantly higher numbers of Th2 cells were found in SFl and PBp compared to PBc. The exact same pattern is seen when analyzing the Th17 subgroup. In conclusion, in contrast to healthy controls, significantly higher Th2 and Th17 cell subgroup-mediated immune responses were measured in seroma formations and were further confirmed in the peripheral blood of breast cancer (including DCIS) patients after simple mastectomy. This could lead to the assumption of a possible immunological cause for the origin of a seroma.

Contraceptive Methods Used by the Selective Rural Tea Garden Workers of Sylhet

Introduction: This study was focused on contraceptive methods used by the selective Tea garden workers of Sylhet. The aim was to explore the used of the contraceptive methods and factors influencing the use of the contraceptive methods along with socio-demographic profile of the tea garden workers. Materials and Methods: It was descriptive type of cross-sectional study carried out in some selective tea garden of Sylhet from July-December, 2020. 150 respondents were selected by purposive type of non-probability sampling method. Data were collected by a pretested mixed type questionnaire. Results: The study revealed that 90 (60%) of workers belonged to of 20-29 years age group. The mean age was 33.87 ± 8.97. Most of the respondents 104 (69.3%) were female, 117 (78%) were followers of Hinduism, 109 (72.7%) were illiterate, 136 (90.7%) were from the nuclear family and 129 (86%) were belonged to lower class. Majority of the workers 136 (90.7%) were using contraceptive methods, among them 78 (57%) were using injectable contraceptive but no one use permanent methods. Most of them used contraceptive methods for prevent unwanted pregnancy and reduced family expenditure that was 46 and 40 (34% and 29%). The survey assessed the positive association between use of contraceptive methods and sex, religion (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Due to covid situation, the present study was conducted among only 150 respondents. Large scale survey is necessary to find out the exact pattern of contraceptive methods use throughout the tea garden workers. Medicine Today 2022 Vol.34(1): 79-82

On the average-case complexity of pattern matching with wildcards

Pattern matching with wildcards is a string matching problem with the goal of finding all factors of a text t of length n that match a pattern x of length m, where wildcards (characters that match everything) may be present. In this paper we present a number of complexity results and fast average-case algorithms for pattern matching where wildcards are allowed in the pattern, however, the results are easily adapted to the case where wildcards are allowed in the text as well. We analyse the average-case complexity of these algorithms and derive non-trivial time bounds. These are the first results on the average-case complexity of pattern matching with wildcards which provide a provable separation in time complexity between exact pattern matching and pattern matching with wildcards. We introduce the wc-period of a string which is the period of the binary mask xb where xb[i]=aiffx[i]≠ϕ and b otherwise. We denote the length of the wc-period of a string x by ▪. We show the following results for constant 0<ϵ<1 and a pattern x of length m and g wildcards with ▪ the prefix of length p contains gp wildcards:•If limm→∞⁡gpp=0 there is an optimal algorithm running in O(nlogσ⁡mm)-time on average.•If limm→∞⁡gpp=1−ϵ there is an algorithm running in O(nlogσ⁡mlog2⁡pm)-time on average.•If limm→∞⁡gm=limm→∞⁡1−f(m)=1 any algorithm takes at least Ω(nlogσ⁡mf(m))-time on average.

Doubly heterogeneous monetary spillovers

Monetary spillovers are heterogeneous in two ways: how central banks generate them and how countries receive them. First, the Fed is mostly unique in its ability to affect other countries' financial markets, among ten developed central banks. This is noteworthy given the lack of data on other central banks' spillovers. This paper makes public a novel data set of these ten central banks' monetary shocks to support future research. Second, the Fed affects recipient countries in different ways, with the bonds and currencies of countries with high-interest rates reacting differently than those of low-rate countries. This can help shed light on theories around the Fed's spillovers, and this paper demonstrates how the exact pattern is inconsistent with models in which developed central banks react to the Fed.