Exact Lines Research Articles

Verbal Art in the Heat of the Sinai: Harwerre’s Inscription (IS 90)

Summary Study of Harwerre’s inscription at Serabit el-Khadim (IS 90; year 6 of Amenemhat III). Part 1 offers a philological discussion and new translation of this difficult text. Part 2 shows how the textual composition is patterned throughout on all hierarchical levels. (A proposal for calibration in prosodically patterned Middle Kingdom texts is outlined, differing from both Fechtian “metrics” and Fosterian “thought couplets.”) The patterning extends to deep rhythmical levels, supporting the hypothesis that the text could have been recited on occasions. The overall form of the composition, at once bipartite and concentric, foregrounds the turn to success brought about by the king’s “might” (bȝw). Superimposed on this, a concentric framing, rhythmical patterning, and phonetic echoes concur in celebrating “Hathor” (ḥwt-ḥr) as lady of the “beautiful skin” (ỉnm nfr). Part 3 relates the textual composition to its contexts: the stela on which it is inscribed, the place where that stela stands, and the time of Amenemhat III. This is tightly integrated with the other pictorial and written elements on the stela whose two faces mediate between the powers in the sanctuary (eastern face) and the incoming visitor (western face). On the western face, the turn to success through the king is set in the exact middle lines 13–14 of the 26-line long textual inscription, meeting the incoming visitor at roughly eye’s height. Echoes of Harwerre’s text in neighboring inscriptions of the immediately following years attest to the local reception of an out-of-the-ordinary text and monument. The product of a composer versed in the patterns of contemporary poetry, the text is a token of a productive reception of such during the reign of Amenemhat III.

Daphnis in the Middle: Theocritus’ Inter-generic Poetics and the Origins of the Bucolic Genre

Because of its programmatic significance, Idyll 1 features prominently in modern discussions of the origins of the bucolic genre. While some scholars prioritize the connection with early hexameter poetry, others call attention to the tragic elements in it. Against this background, this paper argues that Daphnis holds an interstitial position between epic and drama. Thyrsis’ song may rely on epic poetry for its formal elements, but its theme and motifs bespeak the influence of tragic poetry. Thyrsis and Daphnis stand in a mirroring relationship that symbolizes the intergeneric combination of epic and dramatic traditions. Considering the presentation of Daphnis in Sositheus’ Daphnis or Lityerses and Theocritus 6 can help us appreciate the theatrical elements in Daphnis’ behavior in Idyll 1. Daphnis’ silence, his refusal to accept divine help, and his isolation from the bucolic community suggest dramatic, and particularly Sophoclean, influence. Daphnis’ fear of ridicule by Aphrodite motivates his anger thus bringing him close to a reaction typically associated with Sophocles’ heroes. Theocritus combination of epic and tragic elements reflects discussions about the exact lines separating dramatic genres in Hellenistic times. It also signals that Theocritus appropriates tragedy’s critical reworking of epic to establish bucolic poetry as an autonomous genre.

Frustration in a generalized kagomé Ising antiferromagnet: Exact results.

We obtain the exact ground-state phase diagram of a generalized kagomé antiferromagnet with both pair and triplet interactions, J_{2} and J_{3}, respectively, in the presence of a magnetic field h appropriately tuned. We find that when the pair interaction J_{2}<0 dominates, the ground state is geometrically frustrated; on the other hand, the ground state is disordered but not frustrated when the triplet interaction J_{3} dominates, the boundaries between the two cases being at J_{3}=±J_{2}. The exact ground-state crossover lines between the two distinct types of disorder remain identifiable crossover curves at finite temperatures. In the frustrated domain, the ground state of the three-parameter model is identical to the ground state of the prototype one-parameter (J_{2}<0) model of geometrical frustration. Towards further understanding the frustration domain of the three-parameter model, a closed-form approximation (exact at zero temperature) determines solutions on a two-parameter subspace for induced magnetization and parallel magnetic susceptibility at finite fields h and temperatures T, the inverse susceptibility showing a Curie-Weiss behavior. We argue that the existence of an exact T=0 threshold magnetic field, below which the magnetization remains zero, indicates the existence of a gapped spectrum attributable to the presence of the triplet interaction J_{3}.

Quantum phase diagram for two-species hardcore bosons in one-dimensional optical lattices with resonantly driven Rabi frequency

We propose an experimental realization of the time-periodically modulated Rabi frequency and suggest density-dependent hoppings of two species hardcore bosons in a one-dimensional optical lattice. Distinct from the previous work [Phys. Rev. Research {\bf 2}, 013275 (2020)], we study effects in the first resonance region. In the effective Hamiltonian, the intra-species hopping occurs only if the density discrepancy of the other species on these sites is zero, while the inter-species one is allowed once the relevant density discrepancy becomes nonzero. At integer-$1$ filling, the quantum phase diagram of the effective Hamiltonian is determined by the perturbation analysis together with numerical calculations. We find that in the limit of dominant $J_{1}$, the system becomes a double-degenerate dimerized state, with spontaneously breaking the translation symmetry. The interplay of $J_{0}$, $J_{1}$ and the fixed ${\bar U}=1$ leads to three BKT transition lines and a tricritical BKT point. Exact transition lines are obtained by the level spectroscopic technique. Besides, general physical properties, including the charge gap, neutral gap, superfluid density and dimerization strength, are investigated as well.

Symmetries in porous flows: recursive solutions of the Brinkman equation in polygonal ducts

In this paper, we solve the Brinkman equation for unidirectional, steady, incompressible and Newtonian flow through a duct of uniform cross-section in the shape of a regular N-gon under no-slip boundary condition on the surface of the duct in the absence of applied forces. We calculate solutions for small values of N and by analysing them we devise a recursive scheme of generating solutions for all . We obtain approximate expressions for the vortex lines for all values of N by applying a trigonometric perturbation on circular vortex lines and graphically compare them with exact vortex lines. We also graphically compare both exact and approximate vortex lines with Schwarz-Christoffel transformation.

Sounding Roman: Representation and Performing Identity in Western Turkey by Sonia Tamar Seeman

Reviewed by: Sounding Roman: Representation and Performing Identity in Western Turkey by Sonia Tamar Seeman Elif Damla Yavuz Sounding Roman: Representation and Performing Identity in Western Turkey. By Sonia Tamar Seeman. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019. [xxix, 496 p. ISBN 978-0-19-994926-7. £29.99] Sonia Tamar Seeman’s book, Sounding Roman: Representation and Performing Identity in Western Turkey, presents the long and divergent history of Romani musicians in Turkey, the history of the researcher’s witness to Romani musicians from representations in the written and visual sources from the past to their becoming mobile actors in trans-national World Music markets, and their transformation into cosmopolitans with a particular social formation. One impressive aspect of the book is the author’s awareness of this symbiotic relationship and two-dimensionality of history. Another impressive aspect about it is her masterful combination of written, visual, and audio sources with the ethnographic methods. Indeed, if we ask Sounding Roman the questions Carl Dahlhaus intended for Western classical music, ‘What is a fact of music history?’ (Foundations of Music History [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997], 33) and ‘Does music history have a ‘subject’?’ (Foundations of Music History, 44), we would have been led to reveal the success of Seeman in writing this book with the multiplicity and diversity of our potential answers. Even considering only the sound recordings mentioned in the study, the oldest one of which dates back to 1904, we see the following: the creators of the Romani sound were not and are not alone, we cannot speak of Romani music, but Romani musics. Musical features and practices can transcend geographies with borders determined by exact and artificial lines, fields, genres and categories, music and musical practices can unite many other things within its zone of interaction, and consequentially, these can create a series of unique syncretism. Indeed, in her work, Seeman first occupies herself with highly fictionalised, exoticised, standardised. and, as a result, canonised narratives and representations on Romani people. She turns to historical sources and reveals how these narratives and representations came to be formed. The author begins considering this aspect of her subject by scrutinising the Eurocentric ‘Gypsy’ and Romani studies. This scrutinising inevitably necessitates a direct or indirect recontemplation of the origin theories and concepts such as Orval and Urheimat, basic assumptions, and the main texts upon which these assumptions are built, which these origin theories incorporate almost as historical a priori. Seeman begins her discussion of the subject by considering the early studies on the Sanskrit and Indo-Aryan languages by Hungarian, German, and British scientists in particular, and Ferdowsi’s Shah-Nameh, which plays a quite critical role in this line of scholarship. In contrast with this scholarship, however, Seeman considers these for narratives about the musicians. Besides, with the observations and data accumulated from her years-long field study, she breaks the monolithic judgements and assumptions in reference works on the Romani into pieces. Thus, she traces through the Romani the quest for origins in the formation of European identity, which lasted into the second half of the twentieth century. With this, her study also becomes a part of post-colonial readings. The fact that Seeman takes into consideration documentation on proto-Romani groups in the [End Page 280] Byzantine and Ottoman Anatolia is as important for incorporating such sources into research as for unearthing the historical aspect of the indecisive attitude towards these groups. As Seeman demonstrates, the official attitude, which remained constant under different state structures and names, has been coordinated assimilation and marginalisation of these groups. Seeman’s emphasis on this coordination forms a distillate and traceable basis that allows the reader to understand the Romani sound and its creators together with hegemonic relations, official and social alienation processes, the niches they create, and the emergence of neighbourhoods (mahalle) that reinforce their group identity and become the symbol of this identity. One of the strongest points of the book is the balanced relationship Seeman establishes between disciplines such as history, sociology, and linguistics that have been influencing research on musical culture almost from its beginning and the concepts that have often been borrowed from these disciplines that lost their...

Nondispersive Drainage Direction Simulation Based on Flexible Triangular Facets

AbstractA new eight‐direction algorithm (iFAD8) for the simulation of drainage directions on grid digital elevation models (DEMs) is presented. In this algorithm, a flexible triangular facet construction technique (ND∞) is developed to provide local drainage directions ranging continuously from 0° to 360°. Subsequently, a flow aggregation technique using global deviations of local drainage directions is proposed to simplify the flow paths into a nondispersive format. Another algorithm (FAD8) accompanying the iFAD8 is also presented, which uses the D∞ directions as the local drainage directions. Then FAD8, iFAD8, and three existing algorithms are compared on 10 abstract terrains including nine basic terrains and a Himmelblau terrain. The algorithms are tested to reproduce exact slope lines and specific catchment areas derived from the terrain functions. The results show that iFAD8 has better performance than FAD8. Both iFAD8 and FAD8 outperform existing algorithms in most cases. The flow aggregation technique is shown to be an excellent choice for nondispersive drainage direction simulation based on infinite directions. The ND∞ direction based on flexible triangular facets is also an improvement to the local infinite direction of D∞. We conclude that the iFAD8 algorithm can provide better definitions of drainage directions.

The meaning of flow-based market coupling on redispatch measures in Austria

Abstract Energy market modelling lacks an approach that tackles the implications of flow-based market coupling on congestion management in European electricity markets. Especially in the context of high shares of renewable energy, the topic of network congestion is becoming even more important. Usually, redispatch measures as a main part of congestion management are calculated on the basis of a simple load flow model incorporating net transfer capacities on the day-ahead market. In this paper, we suggest a modelling approach that incorporates the attributes of flow-based market coupling in the calculation of congestion management. An advanced load flow model is therefore already used to reflect the allocation process on the spot market. Retaining this result, necessary congestion management can be calculated on the basis of a more detailed network model representing the control areas’ exact transmission lines. Also, we conduct a comparison between the net transfer capacity- and the flow-based market coupling approach representing different levels of grid-granularities to show the importance of the grid model used for allocation on the European market for electricity. The results suggest, that necessary congestion management in the system is heavily dependent on the grid granularity, both in the sign and magnitude.

MAIN DIRECTIONS IN THE BUSINESS PLAN FOR BUILDING A HEALTH ORGANIZIATION

Business plan is an important tool for managing and growing the planned business. A well-designed plan sets the vision for growth and the steps needed to get there. The plan is also a indispensable communication tool to attract finance to the planned business as well as managers and employees while business grows. The primary goal of a business plan is to define what a business is or what are the intentions to be achieved over time. Harmonizing the goal and direction of a business allows you to understand what needs to be done to move forward. The alignment can consist of a simple description of the business and its products or services. It can specify the exact product lines and services to be offered, as well as a detailed description of the ideal customer-client. Businesses are evolving and adapting over time, and process factors (primarily economically) for future growth and direction in the business plan can be an effective way to plan for market changes, growing or slowing trends, and new innovations or directions that should be taken while the company is growing. While clarifying the direction in the business plan allows you to know where you are starting, the future vision allows you to have goals that need to be achieved. The small business administration says: "The development of a comprehensive business plan shows whether a business has the potential to make a profit or not." By submitting statistics, facts, figures and detailed plans in writing, the new business is more likely to attract investors to secure the required capital for its launch. Business plans can be designed as a sales tool for attracting partners, securing suppliers, and attracting employees in the executive branch of the new venture. Business plans can be divided into executive candidates or desired partners to help them persuade themselves in the business potential and persuade them to join the team. The business plan conveys the organizational structure of the business, including the titles of directors or officers and their individual tasks. It also acts as a management tool that can be regularly referred to to ensure that the business is on track with targets for fulfillment, sales targets or operational milestones. Writing a business health plan involves the preparation of a document listing the services that are planned to be provided and how the company is planned to run. Healthcare businesses usually deal with fees, payment charts, payment systems, managed care contracts, and operational issues. By describing how the company would handle these challenges, it can show potential investors that the business strategy is healthy and worthy of their investment. Write a description of the healthcare business, for example, to list how and what services offer to the older people or disabled customers who do not have medical support at home. If you are planning to buy and work with a franchise, the parent company usually provides information and training that describes the business. Emergency centers usually provide care by an authorized practitioner, on-site laboratory services, recipe services and examinations outside of regular working hours. Describe the skills and experience of staff, such as doctors, laboratory technicians, technicians.

Small Steps, Big Differences: Assessing the Validity of using Home and Work Locations to Estimate Walking Distances to Transit

Walking to and from public transport can form a seamless way to integrate physical activity into our daily lives, thereby helping us achieve the recommended minutes of physical activity. To measure the link between physical activity and public transport use, it is critical to determine how far individuals are walking, and are willing to walk, to different modes of transit. Few planners, however, have access to detailed information on the exact public transport lines used by individuals, and therefore need to estimate distances by making use of only home and work locations. This study therefore compared two methods of calculating walking distances: one method using widely available home and work locations and a fastest route algorithm leveraging general transit feed specification data, and a second employing a detailed travel survey containing information on the real routes used by each respondent from Montreal, Canada, to generate more robust estimates of the distances individuals are walking to public transport stops. Results show that walking distances calculated from commonly available origin and destination information tend to underestimate real walking distances by 10%. Multilevel mixed-effect regression models indicate these differing results are mainly attributable to differences in travel behaviour and mode choice. Findings from this study provide a better understanding of how modelled and real walking routes to public transport stops differ, which could be of interest to professionals and urban decision makers wishing to correctly model walking to transit in their region when only limited information is available.

Clinical outcomes of laser in situ keratomileusis with an aberration-neutral profile centered on the corneal vertex comparing vector planning with manifest refraction planning for the treatment of myopic astigmatism

To evaluate clinical outcomes of laser insitu keratomileusis (LASIK) with an aberration-neutral profile centered on the estimated visual axis (considering 70% of the pupil offset toward the corneal vertex) comparing vector planning with manifest refraction planning for the treatment of myopic astigmatism. Muscat Eye Laser Center, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, Muscat, Oman. Retrospective case series. The outcomes were evaluated at a 6-month follow-up in eyes showing ocular residual astigmatism (ORA) over 0.75 diopters (D) preoperatively. Eighty-five treatments were based on manifest astigmatism (preoperative sphere -2.11 D±1.3 [SD], cylinder -0.90±1.0 D), and 79 treatments were based on vector planning (preoperative sphere -2.46±1.5 D, cylinder -0.78±0.79 D). At a 6-month follow-up, 128 patients (164 eyes) were evaluated and no significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of difference between corrected distance visual acuity and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) (P=.1, t test and Fisher exact test Snellen lines 1 or better, P=.4) and postoperative UDVA (P=.05, t test and Fisher exact test for UDVA 20/16 or better, P=.3). Significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of achieved spherical equivalent (P=.04), corneal toricity, and ORA (P<.001, t test and Fisher exact test for ORA ≤0.75 D, P<.001). Performing LASIK for myopic astigmatism with the vector planning approach resulted in comparable visual outcomes to manifest refraction planning.

Analyzing Prokaryotic RNA-Seq Data: A Case Study Identifying Holo-Fur Regulated Genes in Campylobacter jejuni.

In recent years, RNA-seq has become an important method in the process of measuring gene expression in various cells and organisms. This chapter will detail all the bioinformatic steps that should be undertaken to determine differentially expressed genes from a typical RNA-seq experiment. Each step will be clearly explained in "non-bioinformatic" terminology so that readers embarking on RNA-seq analysis will be able to understand the rationale and reasoning behind each step. Moreover, the exact command lines used to process the data will be presented along with a description of the various flags and commands.

Segregation of rare earth atoms in Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy after a 6-year natural ageing at room temperature: Atomic-scale direct imaging

The segregation of rare earth (RE) atoms in solution-treated Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy after a 6-year natural ageing at room temperature has been comprehensively investigated by atomic-scale high angle annular dark field (HAADF)-scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) technique. When the aged specimen is viewed from [0001]Mg, RE enriched regions without a definite RE atom arrangement as well as three types of segregation with exact RE atom arrangements, dots, zigzag lines and hexagons, are characterized. The single dots are formed by columns of RE atoms occupying trials of Mg positions along [0001]Mg. The number of atoms in one trial is usually no more than three. The zigzag lines and hexagons are the predecessors of β′ and βM precipitate structures, respectively, which are common in artificially-aged alloys. Moreover, nano-sized zirconium-rich cores in the alloy are observed to facilitate the natural ageing because it provides both elements sources and nucleation sites for the precipitation, particularly under this low-temperature condition which determines the kinetic feasibility to be the crucial factor.

The Veering Escapology of Sharon Hayes and Patty Hearst

Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) Screeds #13, 16, 20 & 29 (2003) by Sharon Hayes begins with the title card, Patricia Hearst s First Tape. An androgynous white woman with short hair that eagerly curls out around the ears begins speaking in a monotone voice. She gives very little away. On screen, Sharon Hayes takes the place of Patty Hearst, reading out the audio-screed ransom notes initially broadcast on Berkeleys KPFA radio station in 1974. Only, Hayes is not reading them-she is more nearly reciting them. The frame fits neatly around her face as she stares out to the deferred audience beyond the lens. Emotionless, she speaks directly into the camera, Mom, Dad, I'm okay. had a few scrapes ... and stuff... but they washed them up and they're getting okay? On the word okay, her intonation trails up at the end, so that it sounds more like a question than a statement. Around fifteen seconds into Screed #13, the first of the four Patty Hearst ransom tapes that Hayes respeaks, she misses her line and you hear that Hayes is not alone. There is a studio audience for this recorded performance, a room full of people whom we cannot see, but who are present for the recording of the video.An audience member positioned behind the camera, somewhere in Hayes's line of sight, corrects her, feeding her the line that she should be performing instead of the one that she has incorrectly uttered. Hayes nods ever so subtly, and easily picks up with the correct line that comes next, I am not being starved, or beaten, or unnecessarily frightened. She stumbles through the words, not stuttering, but not delivering the lines with their attendant bodily or emotional meanings. She maintains steady eye contact with the camera, performing specifically for the video. It quickly becomes clear, however, that the invisible audience in the time of the video recording is in possession of Hearst's transcript. They have been instructed to correct Hayes when she deflects from the script and to feed her Hearst's exact lines, however inarticulate or awkward they may be. Hayes concentrates to remember the proper words, fluttering her eyes and momentarily closing them, or scrunching her nose and squinting as though she is straining to see something in the distance as she reaches inside to the words in their correct order.From respeaking documents, such as the Guantanamo Bay prison tribunals (the collaborative Combatant Status Review Tribunals, pp. 002954-003064: A Public Reading) and Ronald Reagans official Address to the speeches (My Fellow Americans: 1981-1988), to her performance of political protest slogans on the streets of Manhattan (in the Near Future), Hayess performances, installations, and videos explore the manner in which words, politics, and histories tend to find a home in the (interview by the author, February 20, 2012). Her work is performance based-expanding across video, painting, lithography, and sound installation-and often has an initially public moment on the street featuring unknowable open audiences, or a live crowd in the moment of address. Afterward, the performance script, audio recording, or video documentation of that action is reframed and presented in the space of the gallery. Hayes's work, like the various audiences and moments created in her choreography of media, engages questions of address to explore the power of recitation in the body and on the tongue. Coming of age and coming into art in the New York City of the early nineties, Hayes is deeply attached to the specificity of space and context, to the performance situation in which art comes to he, and comes to he seen. She explains emerging into a political, queer, dance, theater, and performance scene in 1991 in NYC-from ACT UP to Queer Nation to the Lesbian Avengers-saying, We became political, we became artists in deep relation to precise historical conditions and these singularities, these precisions linger with us; they're carried along with us in our bodies (Hayes 2009). …

Self-broadening of 16O12C16O ν3-band lines

• High resolution infrared spectroscopy. • Absorption measurements over a 20 μm path. • Pure 16 O 12 C 16 O ν 3 -band lines. • Accurate pressure-broadening coefficients. Absorption spectra of pure 16 O 12 C 16 O have been recorded, at room temperature and for five pressures between 0.2 and 1 atm, in the very intense ν 3 band. As recently done for CO, this was achieved using a high resolution (0.005 cm −1 ) Fourier transform spectrometer together with a specially designed cell. With the latter, set to a path length of about 20 μm, the absorption by extremely intense lines is measured under appropriate (non saturating transmission) absorption conditions, regardless of the gas pressure. The recorded spectra have been adjusted one-by-one using Voigt line-shapes in order to retrieve the line positions and the Lorentz widths for the P (40) to R (40) lines. The results show that accurate self-broadening coefficients γ are obtained but that experimental uncertainties forbid any reliable determinations of the pressure-induced shifts δ due to the fact that they are about two order of magnitude smaller than γ . The present values of γ show the limited accuracy of previous determinations for the exact same lines. They are in very good agreement with those in the HITRAN database if the latter, which are for a speed-dependent Voigt profile, are properly corrected to correspond to a Voigt profile.

Analytical basis for determining slope lines in grid digital elevation models

[1] An analytical basis for the determination of slope lines in grid digital elevation models is provided by using the D8-LTD method (eight slope directions, least transverse deviation). The D8-LTD method's capability to predict consistently exact slope lines as the grid cell size goes to zero is shown analytically by applying mathematical analysis methods. The use of cumulative, least transverse deviations is found to be the key factor allowing for globally unbiased approximations of slope lines. The D8-LTD method's properties are also demonstrated numerically by using digital elevation models of a synthetic sloping surface obtained from the Himmelblau function. It is shown that slope lines obtained from the D8-LTD method can approximate the exact slope lines as close as desired by selecting a grid cell size that is small enough. In contrast, the standard D8 method is found to produce significantly biased results even when small grid cells are used. The D8-LTD method outperforms the D8 method over a wide range of grid cell sizes (up to 20 m in this application), beyond which grid cell size becomes too large to validly represent the underlying sloping surface. It is therefore concluded that the D8-LTD method should be used in preference to the standard D8 method in order to obtain slope lines that are only limited in reliability by the detail of topographic data, and not by the accuracy of the slope direction method applied.

공간정보기반의 행정경계 정비를 위한 기초연구

행정경계는 지리적 지역적 범위를 표현하는 행정업무의 기반정보이다. 스마트세상이 도래한 요즈음 산업체의 다목적 활용 및 국민의 생활편의 측면에서 그 중요성이 증대되고 있으나 현재 행정구역체계의 골격인 지적공부에 정비된 경계선 간 중첩 혹은 이격문제가 내재되어 있어 정비가 시급한 상황이다. 그러나 국가가 일정한 방법 및 절차의 공시 없이 행정경계를 일괄 정비 등록할 경우, 각 지자체 및 관할부서 간의 갈등을 야기할 우려가 있다. 따라서 행정경계 갈등의 사전 예방과 원활한 정비를 위해서는 합리적인 행정경계 정비방안이 우선 마련되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 실제적 정비업무 시 활용이 가능하도록 행정경계 정비방안과 정비절차를 제시하였다. 이를 위하여 행정경계의 개념과 특성, 연혁과 현황 고찰 및 현황에 내재된 문제점을 파악한 후 현장답사를 수행하였으며, 현장결과를 기반으로 시사점을 도출하였다. 이후, 합리적으로 행정경계를 확인 정비할 수 있도록 다양한 공간정보자료의 활용, 이해관계자의 참여, 인접 구(區)간 행정경계 정비안을 제시하였다. 이로써, 현행 행정경계 정보의 불일치성을 해소하고, 합리적 행정경계의 정비가 가능할 것으로 사료된다. 또한, 향후 지적 재조사사업에 있어서 본 정비 방안의 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. An Administrative Boundary is the basic of spatial information to cover geographical and regional area. Its importance has arisen in our society at the Smart world era. However, it is difficult to serve exact boundary's lines as administrative boundaries are based on the cadastre lines of land register ; these partly are overlay each other or has gaps. So, it Should be adjusted. But, the maintenance work of administration boundaries causes a conflict or confusion unless we offer concrete procedures and detailed plans previously. Therefore, a rational method is required to prevent side-effects such as confusion, disagreem ent and a conflict etc. In this Study, we present a method and 5 step procedures to make better use in a practical maintenance work. we researched on basic studies of Administrative boundary's concept, history. And we performed a field survey as well as analysis of current problems. considering these results, we suggest usage of various spatial data sources, stake-holders' participation, a method of Nearest district's boundaries to maintain administrative boundaries. Throughout the method, we expect it to serve correct boundary-data to various fields without a big confusion. it is also useful to apply its results not only for re-surveying our land but for recording appropriate boundary-data as rational lines.

Wavelet Entropy and Neural Network Based Fault Detection on A Non Radial Power System Network

A novel application of neural network approach to classify the fault types and to identify the faulty lines in a non radial power system network is demonstrated in this paper. EMTP software has been used to simulate the transmission line model. The simulation is followed by analysis of the current waveforms using wavelet transform in the MATLAB environment. The entropy values of the current signal obtained from wavelet transform have been fed into the neural network for automatic fault type classification and faulty line identification. It has been found that only three level of decomposition of the current signal is sufficient for analysis of faults. The adaptive discrimination scheme is tested under different types of faults, such as single line to ground faults, line-to-line faults, double line to ground faults and three phase symmetrical faults for different varying fault locations and fault resistances, on a given power system model. Results of performance studies show that the proposed scheme for fault diagnosis is able to classify all the faults and to identify the exact faulty lines on the non radial power system network rapidly and correctly.

Surgical Removal of lipoma from an area with tattooed skin

The presence of tattoos on the skin of people of all ages is on the rise. On occasion, the tattoo is in close proximity to an area which has to undergo a surgical operation, therefore why not using the tattoo itself to cover the cicatrix?The case we treated was that of a 39 year old female who, for a couple of years, had a large lipoma on her right shoulder which she never treated because it was beneath a large tattoo. During the surgical treatment of the lipoma, we followed the exact lines of the tattoo itself thus obtaining precise access for lipoma removal which minimized visible post operative cicatrix while maintaining the original tattoo design.No similar case was found in literature.

항공촬영용 비행선의 자동비행장치 개발 및 비행시험

일반적인 항공 촬영용 무인비행선은 GIS 데이터를 획득하기 위하여 기체 조종사와 영상 장치 조종사가 필요하며, 좋은 영상을 위해서는 이들의 호흡과 정확한 위치로의 이동이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 이런 인력의 소요를 줄이고 정확한 위치/고도의 사전 계획된 비행경로를 자동비행하는 11m급 무인비행선의 고전제어 기반의 자동비행 제어법칙을 소개한다. 또한 이를 검증하기위해 실시한 비행시험의 각 단계별 절차와 유의사항, 외란에 의한 추종 오차를 줄이는 LOS 가이던스 알고리즘을 제시하고 비행시험 결과를 통한 게인 튜닝절차를 소개한다. General unmaned airship, in use of aviation photography, needs both airship -controller and camera-controller who work together in harmony. In oder to reduce this manpower and get the good Geographical Information Systems(GIS) data, it is necessary to use a autopilot controller which guides a exact path lines. This paper presents the autopilot control law base on classical PID control. Moreover, this paper shows the result of flight test, the procedure of gain tuning and LOS guidance algorism that is reduce a tracking error.