Exact Function Research Articles

Control of photon-photon interaction via a cavity.

Controlling the interaction between photons is one of the important technologies applied to quantum information processing at the few-photon level. We investigate the two-photon interaction via a Ξ-type atom, where one atomic transition is coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide, and the other transition is coupled to a cavity field. Whether the cavity is initially in the vacuum state or not, determines the effective configuration of the quantum emitter. When the cavity is in the vacuum state, only one bound state appears. We further found that the joint probability of transmitted photons oscillates with their spatial separation due to the coexistence of two bound states, if the cavity is in fock state |n〉 (n ≠ 0). With the incoming wave function consists entirely of plane waves, we present the exact out-state function that exhibit the bunching and antibunching behaviors. And, we discuss in detail with the behaviors of varying both the photon pair energy(E) and the energy difference between the two photons (Δ). Moreover, the spatial attraction and repulsion between the two transmitted photons can be controlled by the parameters of the cavity.

Abstract 17456: Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors (ITP3Rs) and Activation of Cardiac Fibroblasts in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Introduction: Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (ITP3Rs) are Ca 2+ release channels on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The role of ITP3Rs in cardiomyocytes has been previously investigated for hypertrophy and arrhythmias, however, the exact function in the activation of cardiac fibroblasts (FBs) is yet to be determined. The main goal of this project is to investigate the mechanisms linking FB ITP3Rs to post-ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) cardiac fibrosis. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that ITP3Rs activate FB via a direct transcriptional regulation of αSMA and other genes involved in myoFB activation. Indeed, myoFB differentiation and persistence is regulated by a balance between pro-and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways. Methods: We generated myoFB-specific ITP3Rs KO mice (ITP3R KO ) and isolated FBs as well as cardiomyocytes via collagenase digestion and performed immunoprecipitation (IP) assays showing that ITP3Rs bind p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA). Cytosolic levels of Cytochrome C (Cyt C) were assessed in myoFB isolated from areas remote from injury and scar areas 7 d after I/R. After having immunoprecipitated for ITP3R1 we blotted the isolated FBs for PUMA and, vice versa. PUMA levels were measured in cytosol, ER, and mitochondria of FBs isolated from regions remote from injury and scar areas 7 d post I/R. Results: Our data show reduced levels of cytosolic Cyt C following I/R, which was prevented by IP3Rs ablation, providing an explanation for the persistence of myoFBs in remote areas. We found that the mitochondrial expression of PUMA was significantly decreased - while ER levels were markedly increased - in myoFBs isolated from areas remote from I/R injury, indicating a sequestration of PUMA by ITP3Rs; this phenotype was rescued by ITP3Rs ablation. Instead, in myoFBs isolated from the scar areas, mitochondrial PUMA levels were increased both in ITP3R fl/fl and ITP3R KO mice, and no sequestration was observed, consistent with the absence of ITP3R upregulation. Conclusions: Using a specific Cre/lox KO model, we provide the first assessment of functional contribution of ITP3R to post-I/R activation of cardiac FBs and understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying excessive reactive fibrosis in the heart.

Glutamate secretion by embryonic stem cells as an autocrine signal to promote proliferation

Glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, has also been found to play a role in embryonic stem (ES) cells. However, the exact mechanism and function of glutamatergic signaling in ES cells remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified a glutamatergic transmission circuit in ES cells that operates through an autocrine mechanism and regulates cell proliferation. We performed biological analyses to identify the key components involved in glutamate biosynthesis, packaging for secretion, reaction, and reuptake in ES cells, including glutaminase, vesicular glutamate transporter, glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, and cell membrane excitatory amino-acid transporter (EAAT). We directly quantified the released glutamate signal using microdialysis-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MD–HPLC–MS–MS). Pharmacological inhibition of endogenous glutamate release and the resulting tonic activation of NMDA receptors significantly affected ES cell proliferation, suggesting that ES cells establish a glutamatergic autocrine niche via releasing and responding to the transmitter for their own regulation.

Supersymmetric higher-derivative models in quantum cosmology

We study the quantum cosmology of supersymmetric, homogeneous and isotropic, higher derivative models. We recall superfield actions obtained in previous works and give classically equivalent actions leading to second order equations for the bosons, and first order for the fermions. Upon quantization, the algebra of fermions leads to a multi-component state, which is annihilated by the Hamiltonian and supersymmetric constraint operators. We obtain asymptotic wave functions of the oscillatory type, whose classical limit corresponds to inflationary evolution, and exact exponential wave functions. We use the latter to derive probability distributions of the initial curvature that are compatible with those obtained using the non-supersymmetric model.

ANALISIS LAGRANGIAN NULL NONSTANDAR DAN FUNGSI GAUGE UNTUK HUKUM INERSIA NEWTON : SEBUAH REVIEW

This paper describes a review of a journal entitled 'Nonstandard Null Lagrangians and Gauge Functions for Newtonian Law of Inertia' which discusses Nonstandard Lagrangian Null solutions for Newton's Law of Inertia. The purpose of this study is to present in detail the Lagrangian Formalism method for generating Nonstandard Lagrangian Null and its Gauge function for Newton's Law of Inertia, as well as the role of action invariant in generating Lagrangian Null and Exact Gauge functions, by deriving a one-dimensional oscillator arm using the basic Lagrangian equations. The Nonstandard Null Lagrangian is derived from the Nonstandard Lagrangian, then the two Lagrangian Null are entered into the action invariant to make it Exact, after the Nonstandard Lagrangian Null is declared Exact, it is substituted into which represents Newton's Law of Inertia. The results of this research show that an Exact Nonstandard Lagrangian Null can be generated by making the Gauge Function Invariant, so that the first Nonstandard Lagrangian Null and Gauge Function for Newton's Law of Inertia are obtained.

Spectral representation of Matsubara n-point functions: Exact kernel functions and applications

In the field of quantum many-body physics, the spectral (or Lehmann) representation simplifies the calculation of Matsubara nn-point correlation functions if the eigensystem of a Hamiltonian is known. It is expressed via a universal kernel function and a system- and correlator-specific product of matrix elements. Here we provide the kernel functions in full generality, for arbitrary nn, arbitrary combinations of bosonic or fermionic operators and an arbitrary number of anomalous terms. As an application, we consider bosonic 3- and 4-point correlation functions for the fermionic Hubbard atom and a free spin of length SS, respectively.

Futures literacy in collaborative foresight networks: advancing sustainable shipbuilding

Businesses are facing increasing pressure from society and regulators to become more sustainable and do their part to address the climate crisis. These businesses will require continual sustainability innovation formulation and implementation processes to meet these demands. Collaborative foresight (CF) has high potential for helping business sectors produce a continuous stream of sustainability options to select and deploy in finished products. Recent developments in futures studies indicate that a capability called futures literacy (FL)—acts of individuals or groups switching their modes and purposes for imagining futures—is relevant to the production of innovation-related outcomes. FL may be key to driving the effectiveness of such foresight collaborations; however, little is known about its exact functions in such business networks and processes. This article examines this issue in the context of a luxury-cruise shipbuilding network in Finland. It analyzes research data from the foresight workstreams of a multi-partner consortium active across three sequential projects between 2016 and 2022. The foresight team took an interventionist research approach, conducting interviews and workshops as part of all three projects. In this article, we analyze the materials produced from these interventions for the appearances of FL enhancement. Based on this analysis, we found that FL can play key functions in CF, such as supporting actors in perceiving new developmental pathways, identifying new opportunities for innovation, and identifying alternative priorities built from new realizations and insights—a finding in line with existing claims by FL scholars and educators. This article contributes to ongoing discussions about the significance of CF and FL in addressing the most pressing environmental issues of our time. It offers an evidence-based argument for the relevance of taking a capabilities approach (i.e., introducing and developing FL) for business networks seeking to use foresight when engaging in sustainability innovation.

Single-particle-exact density functional theory

We introduce ‘single-particle-exact density functional theory’ (1pEx-DFT), a novel density functional approach that represents all single-particle contributions to the energy with exact functionals. Here, we parameterize interaction energy functionals by utilizing two new schemes for constructing density matrices from ‘participation numbers’ of the single-particle states of quantum many-body systems. These participation numbers play the role of the variational variables akin to the particle densities in standard orbital-free density functional theory. We minimize the total energies with the help of evolutionary algorithms and obtain ground-state energies that are typically accurate at the one-percent level for our proof-of-principle simulations that comprise interacting Fermi gases as well as the electronic structure of atoms and ions, with and without relativistic corrections. We thereby illustrate the ingredients and practical features of 1pEx-DFT and reveal its potential of becoming an accurate, scalable, and transferable technology for simulating mesoscopic quantum many-body systems.

Dynamical symmetries in the non-equilibrium dynamics of the directed spherical model

The dynamical scaling and ageing in the relaxational dynamics of the quenched directed spherical model is analysed. The exact two-time correlation and response functions display new regimes of ballistic or anisotropic ballistic scaling, at larger distances than probed in the usual regime of diffusive scaling. The role of long-ranged initial correlations on the existence of these scaling regimes is clarified. Their dynamical symmetries are described in terms of extensions of the Schrödinger algebra appropriate to non-equilibrium dynamics in that the anisotropic ballistic scaling regime can be interpreted in terms of meta-Schrödinger invariance while the regime of isotropic ballistic scaling is meta-conformally invariant.

Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10 attenuates the ferroptosis to promote thyroid cancer malignancy by facilitating GPX4 via elevating SIRT6.

Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10(USP10) has been found to have oncogenic activity in several human tumors. This study first revealed the exact function of USP10 on the progression of thyroid cancer (THCA) by researching its effect on the ferroptosis. USP10 expression in THCA patients was analyzed by online data analysis and in 75 THCA cases was scrutinized by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Influence of USP10 on the viability, colony formation, migration and invasion of THCA cells was demonstrated by cell counting kit-8, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. Effect of USP10 on the Erastin-induced ferroptosis in THCA cells was evaluated by detecting the ferroptosis-related indicators. Intrinsic mechanism of USP10, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) in regulating THCA progression was identified. In vivo xenograft experiment was implemented. USP10 was abundantly expressed in THCA patients, linking to poor outcome. USP10 overexpression enhanced the viability, colony formation, migration and invasion of THCA cells. USP10 mitigated the Erastin-induced ferroptosis in THCA cells, decreased the levels of iron, Fe2+ , malondialdehyde, lipid reactive oxygen species, reduced mitochondrial superoxide level, and increased mitochondrial membrane potential. USP10 facilitated the expression of ferroptosis suppressor GPX4 by elevating SIRT6. Loss of USP10 repressed the in vivo growth of THCA cells. USP10 might attenuate the ferroptosis to promote thyroid cancer malignancy by facilitating GPX4 via elevating SIRT6. It might be novel target for the treatment of THCA.

Localization and symptoms associated with removal of negative motor area during awake surgery

Background In awake surgery, cortical mapping may identify the negative motor area (NMA). However, since speech arrest occurs regardless of whether the NMA or the frontal language area (FLA) is stimulated, the presence of speech arrest alone does not distinguish the NMA from the FLA. Furthermore, the exact location and function of the NMA is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to more accurately locate the NMA in a group of cases in which the NMA and FLA could be identified in different brain gyri, and to describe symptoms in cases in which the NMA was removed. Methods There were 18 cases of awake surgery at our institution between 2000 and 2013 in which cortical stimulation allowed identification of FLA and NMA in separate brain gyri. In these cases, the pre- and post-removal mapping results were projected onto a 3D model postoperatively. We investigated the symptoms and social rehabilitation in a case in which the tumour invaded the same brain gyrus as the NMA and the NMA had to be resected in combination with the tumour. Results In cases where the NMA and FLA could be identified in different brain gyri, NMA was localized inferior to the precentral gyrus in all cases. In four cases where NMA was removed with the tumour, apraxia of speech was observed during the surgery; the same symptoms persisted after it, but it improved within a few months, and the patients were able to return to work. Conclusion In cases where NMA and FLA could be identified separately by awake mapping, the NMA was commonly localized inferior to the precentral gyrus. When NMAs were resected in combination with tumour invasion, they did not lead to serious, long-term complications.

RACK1 facilitates breast cancer progression by competitively inhibiting the binding of β-catenin to PSMD2 and enhancing the stability of β-catenin

The receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is a key scaffolding protein with multifunctional and multifaceted properties. By mediating protein-protein interactions, RACK1 integrates multiple intracellular signals involved in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes. Dysregulation of RACK1 has been implicated in the initiation and progression of many tumors. However, the exact function of RACK1 in cancer cellular processes, especially in proliferation, remains controversial. Here, we show that RACK1 is required for breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. This effect of RACK1 is associated with its ability to enhance β-catenin stability and activate the canonical WNT signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. We identified PSMD2, a key component of the proteasome, as a novel binding partner for RACK1 and β-catenin. Interestingly, although there is no interaction between RACK1 and β-catenin, RACK1 binds PSMD2 competitively with β-catenin. Moreover, RACK1 prevents ubiquitinated β-catenin from binding to PSMD2, thereby protecting β-catenin from proteasomal degradation. Collectively, our findings uncover a novel mechanism by which RACK1 increases β-catenin stability and promotes breast cancer proliferation.

Spherical densities and potentials in exactly solvable model molecules.

A recently initiated variant of density functional theory utilizes a set of spherically symmetric densities instead of the density. The exact functionals are unknown in the new theory akin to the standard density functional theory. In order to test approximate functionals exactly solvable models are introduced. A harmonic molecular ion, the analogue to the hydrogen molecule ion and a harmonic two-electron molecule showing analogy to the hydrogen molecule are proposed. It has been found that the wave function and the density can be given analytically. The exact spherical densities and the effective potentials of the Euler equations also have analytical form. It has been shown that the models can be easily extended to several "nuclei."

GSDMD promotes neutrophil extracellular traps via mtDNA-cGAS-STING pathway during lung ischemia/reperfusion

Lung ischemia/reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a complex pathophysiological process, with the histopathological hallmark of neutrophils migrating into the lungs. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been suggested to exert a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammation and infection in humans and animals, while the exact functions and underlying mechanisms of NETs in LIRI remain insufficiently elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) on NETs release in LIRI induced by lung ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). We found that disulfiram, a GSDMD inhibitor, dramatically reduced NETs release and pathological injury in lung I/R in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, GSDMD caused mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leaking into the neutrophil cytosol, and then the cytoplasmic mtDNA activated the cGAS-STING signaling pathway and stimulated NETs formation in lung I/R. Furthermore, inhibition of cGAS/STING pathway could inhibit cytosol mtDNA mediated NETs formation.

An exact penalty function optimization method and its application in stress constrained topology optimization and scenario based reliability design problems

A smooth penalty function method which does not involve dual and slack implicit variables to formulate constrained optimization conditions is proposed. New active and loss functions are devised to independently and adaptively handle the violation of each constraint function. A single unconstrained minimization of the proposed penalty function produces a solution to the original optimization problem. The constrained optimization conditions depending only on the primal variable are derived and reduce to the canonical Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT) conditions in a much more general framework. The derivative of the proposed loss functions with respect to constraint function can be interpreted as the Lagrange multiplier of the traditional Lagrangian function. The appearance of the first-order Hessian information is unveiled. This is in contrast to the existing works where the classical Lagrange Hessian contains only second order derivatives. Finally, some numerical examples including medium-scale stress constrained topology optimization and scenario based reliability design problems are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

Immunohistochemical expression of paxillin in ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst: An observational study.

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are found on the surface of all cells, where they allow dynamic processes to take place. These include cadherins, integrins, selectins and Immunoglobulin superfamily. Directly associated with β-integrin tails is a multidomain protein known as paxillin. However, CAMs participate in cell-cell and extracellular matrix-cell interactions during histomorphogenesis in the various phases of odontogenesis. Some tumours or cysts like ameloblastoma (AB) or odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) having odontogenic origin show disturbance in the interaction of these CAMs. Hence, the assessment of paxillin expression in AB and OKC was carried out. The present observational study comprised 30 clinically and histologically confirmed cases of AB and OKC. All the slides were stained immunohistochemically using a paxillin antibody. Upon comparison of staining intensity of paxillin among AB and OKC showed statistically significant result, whereas quantitative staining and final summation showed non-significant result. Gender-wise comparison of paxillin staining intensity, quantitative staining and final summation among OKC showed significant result; however, in AB, staining intensity showed non-significant result, whereas quantitative staining and final summation showed significant result. Paxillin has the greatest influence on tissue morphogenesis and development. The regulation of cell mobility is aided by the multiple roles that paxillin plays in a range of cells and tissues. However, further studies using a large sample size, along with other molecular analytical methods, may be essential to draw a definite conclusion about the association of paxillin and its exact function in OKC and AB.

GWDALI: A Fisher-matrix based software for gravitational wave parameter-estimation beyond Gaussian approximation

We introduce GWDALI, a new Fisher-matrix, python based software that computes likelihood gradients to forecast parameter-estimation precision of arbitrary network of terrestrial gravitational wave detectors observing compact binary coalescences. The main new feature with respect to analogous software is to assess parameter uncertainties beyond Fisher-matrix approximation, using the derivative approximation for Likelihood (DALI). The software makes optional use of the LSC algorithm library LAL and the stochastic sampling algorithm Bilby, which can be used to perform Monte-Carlo sampling of exact or approximate likelihood functions. As an example we show comparison of estimated precision measurement of selected astrophysical parameters for both the actual likelihood, and for a variety of its derivative approximations, which turn out particularly useful when the Fisher matrix is not invertible.

Polaritonic response theory for exact and approximate wave functions

AbstractPolaritonic chemistry is an interdisciplinary emerging field that presents several challenges and opportunities in chemistry, physics, and engineering. A systematic review of polaritonic response theory is presented, following a chemical perspective based on molecular response theory. We provide the reader with a general strategy for developing response theory for ab initio cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) methods and critically emphasize details that still need clarification and require cooperation between the physical and chemistry communities. We show that several well‐established results can be applied to strong coupling light‐matter systems, leading to novel perspectives on the computation of matter and photonic properties. The application of the Pauli–Fierz Hamiltonian to polaritons is discussed, focusing on the effects of describing operators in different mathematical representations. We thoroughly examine the most common approximations employed in ab initio QED, such as the dipole approximation. We introduce the polaritonic response equations for the recently developed ab initio QED Hartree–Fock and QED coupled cluster methods. The discussion focuses on the similarities and differences from standard quantum chemistry methods, providing practical equations for computing the polaritonic properties.This article is categorized under: Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Spectroscopy Software > Quantum Chemistry

Alcohol dehydrogenase-1B represses the proliferation, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells by inactivating the mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathway.

Breast cancer (BRCA) is a serious life-threatening cancer, especially triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Alcohol dehydrogenase-1B (ADH1B) has recently been revealed to be associated with poor prognosis of BRCA patients. This study identified the exact function of ADH1B on the progression of BRCA and TNBC. ADH1B effect on the prognosis of BRCA and TNBC patients was researched based on online databases and clinical samples. The function of ADH1B on the proliferation, invasion and migration, and growth of BRCA and TNBC cells was investigated by cell counting kit-8, Transwell, and in vivo assays. Western blot was utilized to determine the effect of ADH1B on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway activity. As a result, ADH1B was down-regulated in BRCA and TNBC patients and cells, predicting unfavorable prognosis (P<0.05). ADH1B overexpression suppressed the proliferation, invasion and migration, and inactivated the MAPK signalling pathway in BRCA and TNBC cells (P<0.01). ADH1B synergized with Selumetinib (inhibitor of the MAPK signalling pathway) to attenuate the proliferation, invasion and migration of BRCA and TNBC cells (P<0.001). Conversely, Vacquinol-1 (activator of the MAPK signalling pathway) abolished the suppression of ADH1B on the proliferation, invasion and migration of BRCA and TNBC cells (P<0.05). ADH1B suppressed in vivo growth of TNBC cells (P<0.001). Thus, ADH1B may inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of BRCA and TNBC cells by inactivating the MAPK signalling pathway. It may be a promising target for the clinical treatment of BRCA and TNBC.

Isogeometric Dynamic Buckling Analysis of Trimmed and Multipatch Thin-Shell Structures

This paper extends our previous work on the isogeometric dynamic buckling analysis of thin-shell structures to the trimmed and multipatch situation where features such as cutouts and stiffeners can be easily incorporated. To be specific, a modified generalized- time integration scheme combined with a geometric nonlinear isogeometric Kirchhoff–Love shell element is used to simulate the complex buckling and postbuckling behaviors of thin-shell structures. The developed method can damp properly high-frequency contents while maintaining second-order accuracy in the dynamic buckling analysis. For the integration of arbitrary-shaped trimmed elements, a geometrically exact blending function method is developed to improve the efficiency of the dynamic shell buckling analysis. To deal with multipatch geometries, a penalty-based weak coupling approach is developed, where coupled patches with nonconforming trimmed interfaces or even with prescribed angles, such as stiffeners, can be analyzed. We demonstrate the accuracy, stability, and flexibility of the proposed framework with several numerical examples. In particular, the influences of “free” and “partially free” control points, penalty factor, trimming, as well as different modeling strategies on the dynamic solutions of shell structures are investigated.