The equilibrium states of one-dimensional proton conductors in the systems with hydrogen bonds are investigated. Our extended hard-core boson lattice model includes short-range interactions between hydrogen ions, their transfer along the hydrogen bonds with two-minima local anharmonic potential, as well as their inter-bond hopping, and the modulating field is taken into account. The exact diagonalization method for finite one-dimensional system with periodic boundary conditions is used. The existence of various phases of the system at T = 0, depending on the values of short-range interactions between particles and the modulating field strength, is established by analyzing the character of the obtained frequency dependence of one-particle spectral density; the phase diagrams are built.