Stress Development Research Articles

Evolution of Thermoelastic Stresses in a Finite-Width Slab or Thick Cylinder With a Growing or Receding Boundary

Abstract Semi-analytical thermoelastic stress solutions for a single phase, homogeneous, and finite-width slab or thick cylinder with a constant-velocity growing or receding boundary under Unit-Loading were derived. Initially, a semi-analytical solution for the heat equation for a slab with a growing or receding boundary was derived in the Laplace domain and a series representation then used to approximate the inverse Laplace transform in the time domain. Conformal mapping was then used to transform the slab solution to an annulus. The resulting semi-analytical solutions were used with the compatibility equations to determine the resulting transient thermoelastic stresses. All solutions allow for convection on the fixed boundary that is the opposite side for a plate and outer radius for the cylinder. Once derived, the semi-analytical stress predictions were compared to finite-element simulations with excellent agreement. Given the changing thickness, both the thermal and stress-states cannot reach true steady-state equilibrium, especially for faster growth or recession rates. Indeed, the temperature states and resulting stresses become somewhat linear with respect to time, reflecting the constant velocity of growth or recession. In practice, the resulting solutions can be used to determine transient stresses during machining, wear, erosion, corrosion, and/or additive manufacturing, especially for lower temperature solid-state methods such as cold-spray.

Slit tube responses and rock fracture characteristics in slit charge blasting under high in situ stress

AbstractDeep mining of natural resources, like coal, is increasingly utilizing directional blasting technology with slit charge for rock blasting at greater depths. This study, based on numerical simulation methods, analyzes the dynamic behavior of slit charge blasting in three aspects: slit tube dynamic response, hoop stress evolution, and crack propagation. According to research findings, the failure mode of the slit tube mainly manifests as a tensile fracture of the inner wall and a shear fracture at the end connection, where the end connection of the slit tube is the weak point of the overall structure. The dynamic response of the slit tube mainly exhibits radial response in the vertical direction of the slit and hoop response in the slit direction. The hoop tensile stress plays a crucial role in determining the spread of cracks caused by explosions. As the in situ stress increases, the peak hoop tensile stress reduces, and the peak hoop compressive stress increases. This hinders the propagation of cracks. In addition, the directional impact is most pronounced in the middle of the borehole, with the longest primary directional crack observed. Conversely, the directional impact is least favorable near the bottom of the borehole. When the in situ stress reaches 60 MPa, the purpose of directional fracture has not been achieved, suggesting combining presplit blasting for in situ stress relief to improve rock breaking efficiency.

Spatially explicit assessment of water stress and potential mitigating solutions in a large water-limited basin: the Yellow River basin in China

Abstract. Comprehensive assessment of the long-term evolution of water stress and its driving factors is essential for designing effective water resource management strategies. However, the roles of water withdrawal and water availability components in determining water stress and potential mitigating measures in large water-scarce basins are poorly understood. Here, an integrated analytical framework was applied to the Yellow River basin (YRB), where the water crisis has been a core issue for sustainable development. The analysis suggests that the YRB has experienced unfavorable changes in critical water stress indicators over the past 56 years. Compared to the period from 1965 to 1980, the regional water stress index (WSI) and the frequency and duration of water scarcity increased by 76 %, 100 %, and 92 %, respectively, over the most recent 2 decades. Water withdrawal was the primary driver of the increased WSI before 2000; however, it has since contributed as much as water availability. Meanwhile, local water management and climate change adaptation were shown to be important in determining total water availability at the sub-basin scale. Water demand in the 2030s is predicted to be 6.5 % higher than during 2001–2020 (34.2 km3) based on the trajectory of historical irrigation water use and corrected socio-economic data under different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). To meet all sectoral water needs, a surface water deficit of 8.36 km3 is projected. Potential improvements in irrigation efficiency could address 25 % of this deficit, thereby alleviating the pressure on external water transfer projects. Such efficiency gains would enable the WSI of the YRB in the 2030s to be maintained at the current level (0.95), which would worsen conditions for 44.9 % of the total population while easing them for 10.7 % compared to in the 2000s. Our results have vital implications for water resource management in basins facing similar water crises to that in the YRB.

An Improved Iterative Predictive Model for Grinding Residual Stress Considering Material Microstructure Evolution

Abstract During micro-grinding, multiple abrasive grains on grinding wheel circulate on the workpiece causing alternating mechanical and thermal loads which result in microstructure evolution. The microstructure evolution affects the flow stress of the material, which in turn affects force and temperature. This paper thoroughly investigates the cyclic iterative mechanism and proposes an analytical model to predict micro-grinding-induced residual stress. In this investigation, the flow stress model is developed considering temperature, strain, strain rate, yield stress, and material microstructure evolution, based on which, the micro-grinding force and temperature are calculated. On the basis, the evolution of grain size and phases transformation induced by force and temperature are calculated, in turn affected grinding force by flow stress. Then, the analytical model of residual stress is proposed incorporating the stresses induced by mechanical and thermal loadings as well as microstructure evolution. Moreover, the elastic or plastic deformation is determined according to Von-Mises criterion with the developed plastic modulus model in the stress relaxation process. Finally, the residual stress is measured to validate the improved iterative model. By comparing the traditional models, the results indicated that the developed cyclic iterative model obtains a higher accurate prediction of residua stress.

Thermo-viscoelastic analysis of a composite disk under parabolic temperature distribution using the Rayleigh-Ritz Method with Trigonometric Ritz Functions

The study focuses on the thermo-viscoelastic behavior of a composite disk subjected to a parabolic temperature distribution. The analysis employs the Rayleigh-Ritz method, combined with trigonometric Ritz functions, to model the dynamic response of the disk. The key objective is to investigate how temperature variations and viscoelastic material properties influence the radial and tangential stresses and strains in the disk. The thermo-viscoelastic problem is formulated by considering the time-dependent evolution of stresses and strains, incorporating both thermal expansion and viscoelastic relaxation effects. The radial stress and tangential stress are expressed as functions of time, governed by the relaxation functions, respectively. These functions describe the material's viscoelastic behavior, while the thermal expansion coefficients account for temperature-induced strain variations. The parabolic temperature distribution introduces a spatially varying thermal load, which is integrated into the thermo-viscoelastic equations. The Rayleigh-Ritz method is used to discretize the problem, with trigonometric Ritz functions chosen to represent the spatial variation of stresses and strains. This approach allows for efficient computation of the disk's response while capturing the anisotropic and viscoelastic nature of the composite material. The results highlight the interplay between thermal effects and viscoelastic behavior in determining the stress and strain distributions. The parabolic temperature distribution leads to non-uniform thermal expansion, which interacts with the viscoelastic relaxation processes to produce complex stress patterns. The analysis provides insights into the time-dependent evolution of stresses and strains, offering a comprehensive understanding of the thermo-viscoelastic response of the composite disk under thermal loading.

Thermal stresses in porcelain veneered lithium disilicate and zirconia dental crowns: Comparative analysis using a validated viscoelastic finite element model.

This study aims to investigate the effects of material compatibility, variable cooling rates, and crown geometry on thermal stress development in porcelain-veneered lithium disilicate (PVLD) and porcelain-veneered zirconia (PVZ) dental crown systems, and subsequently anticipate parameters for their optimum performance. An anatomically correct 3D crown model was developed from STL files generated using 3D scans of the experimental crown sample. Next, the viscoelastic finite element model (VFEM) based on the 3D crown model was developed and validated for anatomically correct bilayer PVLD and PVZ crown systems. The Vicker's indentation method was used on experimental PVLD and PVZ crown samples to validate the simulated thermal stress results from the VFEM. The validated VFEM was then used to predict thermal transient and residual stresses within the dental crown systems. The comparison between thermal residual stress profiles in PVLD and PVZ crowns showed that the interfacial stress concentrations were comparatively lower for PVLD crowns. However, the PVLD crowns also experienced prominent tensile stresses in the veneer layer. Furthermore, the rapid cooling protocol was seen to cause intensification of compressive stresses on the exterior veneer surface for both PVLD and PVZ crowns which can enhance resistance against crack growth. But faster cooling rates also caused rapid stress evolution which may cause material defects within the crown. This study highlights the importance of material compatibility by comparing stress distribution within the PVLD and PVZ crowns. Moreover, the post-firing cooling protocols showed significant effects on overall thermal stress distribution and consequently, the long-term dental crown performance.

Unveiling Temperature Distribution and Residual Stress Evolution of Additively Manufactured Ti6Al4V Alloy: A Thermomechanical Finite Element Simulation

Unveiling Temperature Distribution and Residual Stress Evolution of Additively Manufactured Ti6Al4V Alloy: A Thermomechanical Finite Element Simulation

Quantitative Analysis of Yield Stress and Its Evolution in Fiber-Reinforced Cemented Paste Backfill

Fiber-reinforced cemented paste backfill (FR-CPB) has attracted considerable attention in modern mining applications due to its superior mechanical properties and adaptability. Despite its potential, understanding its rheological behavior remains limited, largely because of the absence of quantitative methods for assessing fiber packing behavior within CPB. This study develops a rheology-based approach to determine the maximum packing fraction of polypropylene fibers in fresh CPB, revealing that shorter fibers (3 mm) achieve a maximum packing fraction of 0.661, significantly higher than longer fibers (12 mm) with 0.534. Building on these findings, a quantitative model for the static yield stress of FR-CPB was developed, showing that under a high fiber content (0.9%) and with longer fibers (12 mm), the yield stress reached 274.34 kPa, a 40% increase compared to shorter fibers. Additionally, the study modeled the time-dependent evolution of yield stress, achieving a prediction accuracy with a correlation coefficient of 0.92. These advancements enable the optimization of FR-CPB composition, which can reduce material usage, enhance pipeline transport efficiency, and improve backfill stability in underground voids. By minimizing the risk of structural failure and optimizing resource allocation, this research provides a theoretical foundation for safer and more cost-effective mining operations.

Numerical Investigation into the Stress Evolution and Failure Mechanism of Deep-Buried Hard Rock Under Blasting Loads

With the production activities continue progressing into deeper underground spaces, the rising ground stress poses new challenges in the fracturing of hard rock. Previous research mostly focused on the outer actions of blasting on conventional rock mass, while research on the inner actions of blasting via discrete element method (DEM) is relatively scarce, especially for deep-buried hard rocks under high ground stress. Relying on the pre-cracking project of hard rock protective layer in the thousand-meter deep well of Pingdingshan coal mine, this paper aims to numerically investigate the fracture mechanism of deep-buried hard rock under blasting loads via DEM. To this end, the algorithm of simulating explosion load is improved. The improved algorithm ensures a more reliable correspondence between numerical results and engineering practice, significantly enhancing the accuracy and credibility of calculations. After the calibration of mesoscopic parameters on the basis of laboratory tests, a series of parametric study, including confining pressure, peak blast stress and lateral stress coefficient, have been performed to understand the effects of in-situ stress on the behaviors of rock blasting. The obtained numerical results exhibit that confining pressure inhibits the fracture growth: under low confining pressure, confining pressure mainly inhibits the development of fractures in sparsely fractured zone while the crack growth in densely fractured zone and crushed zone is also inhibited under high confining pressure. According to the stress state, hoop peak stress is more sensitive to confining pressure than radial peak stress. Rock breakage in the vicinity of blasthole is essentially controlled by the radial peak stress, while crack propagation in the far-field is mainly induced by the hoop peak stress. With different lateral stress coefficients, the failure characteristics of rock mass are principally related to the hoop stresses in the vertical direction. The obtained numerical results and mesoscopic analysis are capable of providing new insights into the fracturing mechanism of deep-buried hard rock.

The mechanistical principles and engineering application of roof- cutting for roadway protection in advance of the working face

In coal mining operations, it is often challenging to control the deformation of the roadway in front of the working face. The excessive stress from the surrounding rock of the working face and the difficulties in caving the goaf roof have led to a prominent factor that hinders safe and efficient production in coal mines. For this reason, a mechanical model of the stress field in the advance roadway of the working face is established, and the stress evolution law of the surrounding rock before and after cutting the roof of the roadway is analyzed. Key parameters such as cutting depth, cutting angle, and hole spacing are determined through theoretical calculation, numerical simulation with 3DEC numerical software, and field testing. A kind of roof cutting and pressure relief techniques (TCPAF) for enhanced roadway safeguarding in advance mining face is proposed, and its effectiveness is verified through field testing. The results indicate that the stress on the low-stress side of the leading roadway remains slightly increased, while on the high-stress side, stress decreases significantly, optimizing the stress environment of the surrounding rock. In addition, the research results provide a scientific basis for similar conditions of roadway deformation.

Study on the Stability and Control of Gob-Side Entry Retaining in Paste Backfill Working Face

Due to the poor stability of the roof and floor of the roadway in the 3-1 coal seam of Chahasu Coal Mine, traditional gob-side entry retaining (GER) methods fail to meet the production safety requirements. To address this, a GER technology using paste backfill was proposed. This study reveals the stability mechanism of the surrounding rock in GER with paste backfill through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and industrial experiments. First, theoretical analysis was conducted to determine the overburden movement characteristics under varying backfill ratios. Uniaxial compressive tests on the paste material demonstrated that its bearing capacity reaches a relatively stable state after 14–28 days of curing. Second, numerical simulations were performed to study the deformation patterns of the surrounding rock and mine pressure characteristics under backfill ratios of 65%, 75%, 85%, and 95%. The Strain-Softening model was used to calibrate the backfill material parameters. The results showed that as the backfill ratio increased, the support provided by the backfill material improved, leading to enhanced bearing capacity of the overlying strata, reduced mine pressure intensity, significantly decreased deformation of the roadway, and substantially improved stability of the surrounding rock. Third, under a backfill ratio of 95%, the evolution of the abutment stress during face advancement was investigated. It was found that as the working face advanced, the backfill material and the overlying strata gradually formed a stable composite structure, with the abutment stress in the mining area stabilizing over time. Finally, to address the issue of insufficient initial strength and limited support capacity of the paste backfill material, a comprehensive control system for surrounding rock stability was proposed. This system integrates a basic bolt-mesh-cable support structure with localized reinforcement using portal hydraulic supports. Field industrial practices demonstrated that after applying this comprehensive control technology, the convergence of roof and floor was approximately 190 mm and the convergence of two ribs was about 140 mm, effectively ensuring the stability of surrounding rock in GER with paste backfill working face.

Mutational Selection: Fragile Sites, Replicative Stress, and Genome Evolution

Mutational Selection: Fragile Sites, Replicative Stress, and Genome Evolution

Stress evolution on the Kunlun fault under the influence of the laterally heterogeneous lower crust

Stress evolution on the Kunlun fault under the influence of the laterally heterogeneous lower crust

Tissue stresses caused by invasive tumour: a biomechanical model.

Malignant tumorigenesis is a complex process involving growth, invasion and mechanical deformation of a cancerous tissue. In this paper, a biomechanical model is proposed to couple the mechanical and biological mechanisms governing invasive tumour development. As an example, this model is applied to investigate the spatio-temporal evolution of tissue stresses in an invasive tumour spheroid and its host tissue. I show that cancer invasiveness lowers the compressive tissue stresses and blurs the stress distribution across the cancerous-normal tissue boundary, both consistent with experimental observations. Importantly, with the steady propagation of the cancerous region driven by persistent cancer invasion, tumour stresses are predicted to saturate rather than keep increasing as in benign tumour growth. The model is further used to analyse the deformation and stress state of a cancerous tissue being cut into two pieces, and reproduces the bulge of the cut surface observed in experiments. I hope this study can pave the way for the quantitative evaluation of mechanical states in cancer.

Study of the Influence of Stress Distribution and Evolution on the Mechanical Properties of Prestressed Ceramics Using In-Situ Raman Spectroscopy

Study of the Influence of Stress Distribution and Evolution on the Mechanical Properties of Prestressed Ceramics Using In-Situ Raman Spectroscopy

Dynamic response law and residual stress evolution mechanism of high-strength steel flexible body controlled by vibration stress relief

Dynamic response law and residual stress evolution mechanism of high-strength steel flexible body controlled by vibration stress relief

Corrigendum to “Influence of strain rate, temperature, and strain-induced martensite on residual stress evolution during tensile deformation of SS 304L” [Mater. Today Commun. 42 (2025) 111294

Corrigendum to “Influence of strain rate, temperature, and strain-induced martensite on residual stress evolution during tensile deformation of SS 304L” [Mater. Today Commun. 42 (2025) 111294

Investigation of residual stress evolution behavior and generation mechanism of the cryogenic deformation component

Investigation of residual stress evolution behavior and generation mechanism of the cryogenic deformation component

Influence of strain rate, temperature, and strain-induced martensite on residual stress evolution during tensile deformation of SS 304L

Influence of strain rate, temperature, and strain-induced martensite on residual stress evolution during tensile deformation of SS 304L

LDED-based additive-subtractive hybrid manufacturing of Inconel 718 superalloy: evolution of microstructure and residual stress

ABSTRACT The development of additive-subtractive hybrid manufacturing (ASHM) offers a near-perfect solution for the integrated preparation of complex structural components. In this study, we prepared additive manufacturing (AM), ASHM-fabricated Inconel 718 (IN718) superalloy based on laser-directed energy deposition (LDED), including two subtractive manufacturing (SM) situations, i.e. milling after cooling (room temperature SM) and immediately milling after AM (high-temperature SM). The evolution of microstructure, residual stress and milling forces for IN718 during a complete ASHM process (including AM and subsequent SM) were explored by experiments, finite element and molecular dynamics simulation. The SM process induces gradient plastic deformation on the sample surface, which led to the formation of nano-grains, low-angle grain boundaries and residual compressive stress. Owing to the higher internal temperatures present at SM, the thermal softening effect results in lower milling forces being subjected to high-temperature SM sample. Also, the dynamic recovery results in lesser nano-grains, low-angle grain boundaries and residual compressive stress in high-temperature SM sample. Thus, SM immediately after AM has a lower degree of plastic deformation on the sample surface compared to room temperature SM, and shows advantages in the preparation of difficult-to-machine materials. Highlights Inconel 718 (IN718) superalloy was prepared by LDED-based additive-subtractive hybrid manufacturing (ASHM). The evolution of microstructure, residual stress and nano-hardness for IN718 during ASHM were investigated. Subtractive manufacturing process of ASHM introduces nano-grains and residual compressive stress. Thermal softening effects and dynamic recovery affect the plastic deformation degree of ASHM-fabricated IN718.