Evolution Of Scientific Knowledge Research Articles

Research on scientific knowledge evolution patterns based on ego-centered fine-granularity citation network

A deep comprehension of the development of scientific knowledge is necessary to properly appreciate technological advancement and the process of knowledge innovation. However, fine-grained citation networks are less frequently utilized to characterize the evolution of scientific knowledge. To bridge this gap, we first constructed the fine-grained citation networks based on the PubMed and Web of Science (WOS) databases, then extracted the ego-centered networks of scientific knowledge, and finally employed Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs) to analyze the factors influencing the formation of Ego-centered Fine-granularity Citation Networks (EFCNs), taking into account the endogenous network structure and exogenous knowledge attribute variables. The results reveal that both types of variables play pivotal roles in the evolution of scientific knowledge. Furthermore, we found that (1) the in-degree and the out-degree centrality have a positive effect on knowledge evolution, respectively, in the 98.5 % and 99.9 % sample networks, while the clustering coefficient only has a positive effect on the edge formation of the 6.8 % sample network at the 0.05 significance level. (2) The citation behavior and domain impact of authors positively influence the scientific knowledge evolution, respectively, in the 63.2 % and 78.3 % sample networks. (3) There is a tendency to form citation relationships between scientific knowledge units of similar age in 67.1 % of the sample networks. (4) There is a greater possibility of developing a citation relationship between scientific knowledge with the same journal impact rank and knowledge type. Our findings indicate that the evolution of scientific knowledge is influenced not only by the process of scholarly communication but also by self-organizing mechanisms at the fine granularity level.

The effect of sustainable manufacturing on environmental performance through government regulation and eco-innovation

PurposeThe study aims to determine the impact of sustainable manufacturing on environmental performance through government regulation and eco-innovation in Indonesian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).FindingsThe results indicate sustainable manufacturing plays a significant role in SMEs' environmental performance and regulations, and eco-innovation can moderate it. It also reveals that government regulation has a positive and significant effect on environmental performance. Moreover, eco-innovation has a positive and significant effect on environmental performance.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study indicate that SMEs can embrace sustainable manufacturing practices and achieve their long-term sustainability goals by adhering to regulations, collaborating with stakeholders and implementing eco-friendly innovations.Originality/valueThis research uncovers ground-breaking perspectives on the evolution of scientific knowledge about the impact of eco-innovation, regulatory measures and sustainable manufacturing practices on the environmental performance of SMEs.

Evolution of scientific knowledge about atrial fibrillation

Evolution of scientific knowledge about atrial fibrillation

ТАБИГИЙ ТАНДОО ПРИНЦИБИНИН ИЛИМИЙ ТААНЫМ ПРОЦЕССИНДЕГИ ОРДУ (БАТЫШТЫН МИСАЛЫНДА)

The article highlights the theses of famous representatives of postpositivism P. Feyerabend, T. Kuhn and K. Popper. K. Popper is the founder of the philosophical concept of critical rationalism, is considered one of the founders of evolutionary epistemology, in his opinion the process of origin, formation and updating of scientific theories passes by trial and error. In nature, the same method is used by living organisms in the process of adaptation. Clearly, its success depends enormously on the number and variety of trials: the more we try, the more likely it is that one of them will succeed. He noted that the specifically human capacity to know, like the capacity to produce scientific knowledge, is the result of natural selection. The evolution of scientific knowledge is basically an evolution toward the construction of better and better theories.

Evolution of scientific knowledge on the internet of things and smart homes

Evolution of scientific knowledge on the internet of things and smart homes

Global and Brazilian Scenario of Guidelines and Legislation on Welfare in Pig Farming.

Simple SummaryAs with all production animals, pigs need environments suitable for their species, which results in less stress and suffering and more productivity. Therefore, there are quality standards and good management and production practices that must be followed to ensure their well-being. In this sense, over the last few years, many advances have been made, banning or restricting practices capable of causing suffering to animals in most producing countries. This review seeks to explore current global and Brazilian regulations on good production practices in swine farming.The evolution of scientific knowledge regarding animal sentience, together with the growing concerns of consumers regarding current production models, has brought with it the responsibility of reviewing many practices carried out in industrial swine farming, with the purpose of improving the life quality of animals throughout the entire production cycle. In this sense, many initiatives have been taken by European Union, OIE and other countries to abolish questionable practices from an animal welfare point of view, being signed through legislation or normative instructions, which guide governments and companies on the best practices to be adopted. Among the main changes that have taken place in swine farming are the ban or reduction in the use of cages for sows, restrictions on the age at weaning, ban on painful procedures such as surgical castration, tail and teeth clipping, as routine procedures or without the use of anesthesia/analgesia. In addition, these acts also prescribe practices that must be adopted in order to respect the natural behavior of animals, such as the use of environmental enrichment. This review aims to address the main advances made over the last few years in the protection of swine, as well as Brazilian initiatives in this regard.

An Epistemological Study of Theory Change

Belief Revision is a well-established field of research that deals with how agents rationally change their minds in the face of new information. The milestone of Belief Revision is a general and versatile formal framework introduced by Alchourrón, Gärdenfors and Makinson, known as the AGM paradigm, which has been, to this date, the dominant model within the field. A main shortcoming of the AGM paradigm, as originally proposed, is its lack of any guidelines for relevant change. To remedy this weakness, Parikh proposed a relevance-sensitive axiom, which applies on splittable theories; i.e., theories that can be divided into syntax-disjoint compartments. The aim of this article is to provide an epistemological interpretation of the dynamics (revision) of splittable theories, from the perspective of Kuhn's inuential work on the evolution of scientific knowledge, through the consideration of principal belief-change scenarios. The whole study establishes a conceptual bridge between rational belief revision and traditional philosophy of science, which sheds light on the application of formal epistemological tools on the dynamics of knowledge.

Evolution of scientific knowledge about cities and urban space: a philosophical aspect

Evolution of scientific knowledge about cities and urban space: a philosophical aspect

Gestão organizacional: proposta de um método de avaliação sob a ótica do conceito de entropia organizacional

A evolução do conhecimento científico durante séculos possibilita cada vez mais a integração das ciências exatas e humanas em prol de um único objetivo. A aplicação dos princípios da termodinâmica em sistemas abertos torna a compreensão da gestão organizacional mais próxima da essência dos sistemas e possibilita inferir sobre seu funcionamento dinâmico. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi desenvolver um método de avaliação para elevar o nível de compreensão das práticas de gestão, sob a ótica da entropia em sistemas abertos para proporcionar ao gestor um panorama do ambiente interno e externo da organização em seu contexto. Foi realizado um levantamento por meio de amostragem por conveniência em uma população de especialistas-consultores empresariais que atuam em entidades privadas, pequenas, médias e grandes organizações nacionais e internacionais, bem como profissionais autônomos que atuam na prestação de serviço de consultoria empresarial, com foco em gestão organizacional, estratégia organizacional, liderança, processos de negócios, desenvolvimento organizacional, inovação e sustentabilidade no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Através do método proposto poder-se-á compreender os fatores intrínsecos à gestão que gerem maior ou menor ganho ou perda de energia, o que poderá contribuir para tomada de decisão, criando um ambiente fértil às mudanças.

A scientometric review on literature of macroprudential policy

Macroprudential policy is closely related to financial stability, systemic risk and the procyclicality of the financial sector, and has attracted considerable attention of scholars after the 2008 global financial crisis. Based on the 467 documents together with 14,597 references collected from the Web of Science core collection for the period of 2005–2018, this article conducts a scientometric analysis of macroprudential policy. The article applies basic analysis, co-citation analysis, cluster analysis, citation burstness detection, scientific research cooperation analysis and co-occurrence analysis of keywords. Through the document co-citation analysis, the article shows the key themes of macroprudential policy research which include: the effectiveness of macroprudential policies, financial market intermediaries, containment of systemic risks, monetary policy and liquidity. The article identifies influential scholars, documents, research institutions, journals and research hotspots in the field of research on macroprudential policy. The scientometric analysis in the article presents an objective perspective of the inheritance and evolution of scientific knowledge at different levels in the field of macroprudential policy.

CONCEPT «MARKET» IN ECONOMIC THEORY

The essence of the market as an economic category was analyzed in the article. Interpretation of the "market" concept by the classics of economic thought as well as by modern domestic and foreign scientists was considered. The evolution of scientific knowledge regarding the depth of understanding and difference of approaches to the interpretation of this economic category was traced.
 The market as an economic phenomenon has emerged as a result of such socio-economic processes as production and exchange. In the process of forming economically independent business entities, there was a transition from direct commodity exchange to more complex economic relations, such as buying and selling. The relationship between sellers and buyers gradually became more complex and multilevel. The concepts of supply and demand appear in economic theory, emerges a basic tenet of economics about the market as the main mechanism for establishing optimal proportions between production and consumption.
 Thus, over time, the understanding of the "market" has transformed from a narrow interpretation as a platform where purchase and sale takes place to a complex mechanism that regulates economic relations in the process of production and distribution of resources and public goods.
 An analysis of modern publications has shown that modern discourse on the nature of the "market" significantly expands the semantics of this concept. In our opinion, the thesis about the "market" - as a sphere of realization of human freedom, and about the person - as central and most important subject of market, is extremely interesting. In this regard, the age-old controversy of economists over the freedom of the market and the expediency of state intervention in the relationship between sellers and buyers, producers and consumers is gaining new arguments.
 Often, modern market definitions are rather cumbersome and difficult to understand, therefore we offer a more concise definition of the market as an economic environment, which serves as a coordinating mechanism where producers, sellers and consumers interact in a competitive environment, and as a result of such interaction a general equilibrium of prices is formed.

Um estudo longitudinal acerca da evolução das posturas epistemológicas de um grupo de licenciandos em Química

In general, Science is considered by society as a knowledge dissociated from its daily life. This common sense about Science is a reflection of a teaching process that does not promote discussions around this theme. Understanding the importance of these debates, teacher training programs have included disciplines of History and Philosophy of Science (HPS), aiming to prepare teachers to debate the processes underlying the construction and evolution of scientific knowledge. The present study aimed to investigate the contributions of Philosophy of Science to the evolution of the epistemological views of a preservice chemistry teachers` group at the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul - Campus Pelotas Visconde da Graca. Three questionnaires were applied and analyzed following the methodological guidelines of the Textual Discursive Analysis. The results indicate that there were evolutions towards absolutist views of Science. Understanding the importance of a relativistic view for a sociocultural understanding of Science, we consider to be relevant its deepening in the HFC discipline, as well as in the specific disciplines of the course.

EVOLUÇÃO NO CONHECIMENTO BIOMÉDICO E TIPIFICAÇÃO DO CRIME DE TRANSMISSÃO DO HIV

Com a pandemia da Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Humana Adquirida (SIDA), a partir dos anos de 1980, surgiram questões que ultrapassaram a área médica, alcançando o Direito, especialmente no que concerne a transmissão dolosa do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV), causador da doença. Buscou-se demonstrar como a evolução do conhecimento biomédico influenciou o Direito Penal, levando a mudanças na tipificação da conduta criminosa de transmissão do HIV. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, a partir de documentação indireta de fontes nacionais e internacionais, bem como da legislação, doutrina e jurisprudência a respeito da conduta de transmissão dolosa do HIV. Constatou-se mudanças nas tipificações penais, seguindo a evolução do conhecimento científico. Contudo, as discussões não foram completamente pacificadas. De toda forma, o conhecimento biomédico sobre o HIV/AIDS tem possibilitado ações penais mais consistentes, baseadas em provas técnicas conclusivas.

What Is the Philosophy of Problem?

<p><em>The philosophy of problem is a logical view, </em><em>putting the problem at the core of logic, promoting the development of thinking. The philosophy of problem is a view of life, revealing not only the skills and interests of survival but also the significance and value of life. The philosophy of problem is an ethical view, regarding the development of morality and ethics as the result of questioning in its most profound sense. Philosophy of problem is a scientific view, putting the problem at the core of the philosophy of science, exploring the law of the generation and evolution of scientific knowledge from the proposition, expression, structure, presupposition, evaluation, solution and evolution of questions. The philosophy of problem is a philosophical view, regarding answer as its goal and question as its service.</em></p>

Portugal in the European Network of Marine Science Heritage and Outreach (19th–20th Centuries)

The gradual consciousness of the scientific and economic riches of marine life is rooted in the legacy of some pillars of scientific production and dissemination in institutions such as natural history museums, aquariums, and maritime stations. Nowadays, one of the biggest issues of these scientific collections of species (marine or others) is their contextual interpretation which demands its original collection point, collectors, and original aims. The current research focuses on the origin of collections of marine specimens in Portugal as well as their historical evolution. In this particular approach, we assess the connection of the Portuguese natural history museums, universities and aquariums to similar European institutions since the mid-19th century, crossing primary sources from different archives. It was possible to reconstruct connections with the Zoological Station of the bay of Naples (Italy), the Maritime Museum of Monaco, and Aquariums of Monaco, France, and England. We identify both informers and the circulation of zoological specimens that underpin Museums and Aquariums collections that are today important scientific heritage repositories for a larger understanding of marine biodiversity and its threats, and core places of aesthetic contemplation and of philosophical discussion about the evolution of scientific knowledge.

Gestão organizacional sob a ótica da entropia: uma proposta de método de avaliação

The evolution of scientific knowledge over the centuries has increasingly made pos-sible the integration of the exact and human sciences for a single purpose. The application of the principles of thermodynamics in open systems makes the understanding of organizational management closer to the essence of the systems and allows inferring about their dynamic operation. It aimed to develop a method of qualitative-quantitative evaluation of organizational entropy to raise the understanding of management practices from the perspective of entropy in open systems. The method was applied through survey research by means of sampling for the convenience of the researcher in a population of specialists-business consultants. Who work in private entities, small, medium and large national and international organizations, as well as autonomous professionals who work in the provision of a business consulting service focused on organizational management, organizational strategy, leadership, business processes, organizational development, innovation and sustainability in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The objective of the proposed method is to provide an overview of the internal and external environment within the context of the business. Therefore, contribute to strategic decision making, creating a fertile environment for innovation, productivity, entrepreneurship and sustainability. The data treatment based on descriptive statistics and analysis of the results aiming to broaden the view of managers on the subject of the study, providing the vision of professional experts in various market segments. As a result of this study, the NEo evaluation method was proposed based on the results of the research and theoretical reference, through which one can understand the factors intrinsic to the management that generate greater or lesser gain or loss of energy. The model can be used for any type of organization; there being no geographical restriction or size for its application, provided that the model assumptions, its standards and parameters, as well as the variables involved, as discussed in this study are respected. In order to consolidate the proposed model, the author makes propositions for future studies that are more comprehensive and take into consideration other organizational factors than those discussed in this study.

Methodological optics as a tool of cognition

The evolution of scientific knowledge in the context of the predominance of variables of rationality (classical, non-classical and post-non-classical ideals), which is essentially characterized by such a modern instrument of cognition as methodological optics is highlighted in the article. The last one appears as an important intermediary between a researcher and a recognizable reality as an intellectual tool that enables it to combine, integrate and design various research strategies in a situation of dynamism, complexity, and unpredictable variability of contemporary scientific creativity. In the bosom of the cultural-analytical approach methodological optics is interpreted as the setting of self-reflection of the research consciousness, which allows to construct an individual research design and to carry out a selective nuance of the local cognitive situation. It is proved that, firstly, mixed methods and methodological instructions appear in the supporting epistemological format of the post-non-classical dimension of rationality, and secondly, only in this format, methodological optics as a metaphorical construct acquires the arbitrariness and plasticity of new, lucid explanations of diverse phenomena, mastery of which multiplies the ability of the researcher to juggle with mental styles and cognitive strategies, changing the angles and ways of seeing reality depending on solved task. In this post-non-classical culture of thinking recognizes many types of rationality, supports the development of mixed research strategies, the ideas of methodological liberalism and pluralism, the principles of over reflexivity and poly-paradigmality.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ ОСНОВЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ГЕРМЕНЕВТИКИ КАТЕГОРИИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ С ПОЗИЦИИ ЭВОЛЮЦИИ НАУЧНОГО ЗНАНИЯ

Currently, in economics, there can be seen a generation of different models, mechanisms and methodologies for analyzing the content of the efficiency category. In these conditions, many researchers are still trying to justify the need to unify approaches to its definition. The article shows the differentiation of approaches to the hermeneutic of the effectiveness category determined by the stages of the evolution of scientific knowledge (classical, nonclassical, post-nonclassical) and by complication of the object of study (the development of a simple, self-regulating and self-developing complex systems). For this purpose, the following approaches to epistemology are used: hermeneutical, systemic, and dialectical. The author states that mechanical picture of the world, which is the basis of the categorical grid of the description of simple systems, typical of the classical stage of the science evolution, has determined the development of the reductionist idea about the effectiveness as the effectivity (Walras approach). The emergence of the ideas of probabilistic and objective causality at neo-classical stage of the development of scientific knowledge made it possible to complement the concept of efficiency as the effectivity by using interpersonal comparisons of utility (Pigou approach) and methodological relativity principle (Pareto approach). The determination by objective reality, characteristic of the modern (post-nonclassical) stage of the development of scientific knowledge, predetermined including social and ethical-legal aspects in the content of the efficiency category and the possibility of applying two approaches to its hermeneutics: efficiency as effectivity and efficiency as effectiveness. The application of efficiency category as an integrated element of management system (performance), which synthesizes the categories of effectivity, effectiveness and quality, is associated with the necessity to reflect scientific concepts, which is the second feature of the post-nonclassical stage. The selection of various types of efficiency (internal and external, potential and actual, static and dynamic) is associated with the complication of the research object - the development of complex self-developing systems. The conclusion is that at the present time the determinant of quality is the defining element in the interpretation of the efficiency category (performance), characterized by the quantitative certainty.

Conhecimentos tradicionais em torno das plantas medicinais e currículo do ensino de ciências

ABSTRACT. Evolution of scientific knowledge over the centuries and technological aspects and innovations led to what we call cultural metamorphosis in several areas. Through its activities and the prevailing ideology of as the sole and/or main source of truth we face the loss or stagnation of popular knowledge acquired in decades - such as knowledge about medicinal plants - which is being replaced by pharmaceutical knowledge that is, in a contradictory way, also produced based on the knowledge of traditional experts”. Through research in locus in the Agrovila Nova Conquista, in Acailândia, Maranhao State, we found a high diversity of medicinal plants (42 species) found in this area and we identified their use with medicinal purpose. From recorded interviews, informal conversations and theoretical reading, we build a proposed pedagogical approach in science teaching in the Basic Education School Oziel Alves in Acailândia, Maranhao State, which may contribute to the articulation between elements of the local reality and the contents worked in science education at the school in question.

New book traces evolution of scientific knowledge

New book traces evolution of scientific knowledge