Evolution Of Radio Research Articles

Two highly accurate and efficient numerical methods for solving the fractional Liénard’s equation arising in oscillating circuits

In this paper, we investigate the fractional model of the Liénard and Duffing equations with the Liouville-Caputo fractional derivative. These equations grow with the evolution of radio and vacuum tube technology, which describe oscillating circuits and generalize the spring–mass device equation. We compare two numerical approaches, namely Jacobi and Haar wavelet collocation methods. The given approaches are used to discretize and transform the equation into a system of algebraic equations, and the Broyden-Quasi Newton algorithm is applied to solve the resulting nonlinear system of equations. A complete error analysis and convergence rates for different grid sizes are derived for both methods, which are used to compare the accuracy and efficiency of the two approaches. While both approaches produce correct solutions, according to the numerical findings, the Jacobi collocation method is more efficient and accurate than the Haar wavelet collocation method.

On the Wire: Analysing the evolution of BBC Local Radio, music radio and public service broadcasting

This paper examines the significance of On the Wire, a BBC local radio programme, that provides a unique lens through which to examine changes in local radio, music radio in general and public service broadcasting. The paper provides a concise history and an account of the On the Wire, along with an explanation of its impact. The paper offers reasons for the programme’s enduring appeal, including its ability to change and adapt, its emphasis on the local in a global context and its innovative approach to audience participation. The paper concludes by positing that the history of On the Wire provides valuable insights for broadcasters in general, highlighting key aspects that radio programmes can learn from its approach. By showcasing the possibilities of what local radio, music radio and public service broadcasting can be, On the Wire sets a positive example for what radio can achieve.

Crucible of Communications: How Amateur Radio Launched the Information Age and Brought High Tech to Life: Part 1: The Birth and Breadth of the Ham Radio Hobby Invited Article

The hobby of amateur radio, or “ham radio” as it is commonly known among its 3 million global practitioners, has been at the vanguard of electrical and computer engineering since a young Italian inventor, Guglielmo Marconi, first demonstrated wireless at his summer home in Bologna in 1894. Ever since that fateful discovery, amateur radio has played vast and vital roles in capturing the imagination of inventors, spawning new technologies, fueling the global engineering work force, and fostering friendship and international goodwill. This three-part series of articles chronicles the historical evolution of amateur radio, and shows the astounding impact that the ham radio hobby has made on both the engineering profession and the world.

Evolution of community radio in India and its application with respect to information & communication technology in education

The COVID-19 pandemic has revolutionized the way we work, communicate, and impart knowledge. Due to the need to maintain physical distancing, education in India has been greatly hindered in the last two years. The education of around 250 million children in India was gravely impacted due to school closures which were caused by strict lockdown. To counter this crisis, governments all over the world collaborated with industry stakeholders and managed to create an education ecosystem which relied on Information & Communication Technology. But due to uneven broadband connectivity in rural areas and prohibitive costs associated with high-speed internet, most students are not able to fully exploit this new online education ecosystem. This research paper seeks to outline an alternative method of remote learning which employs community radio as the medium. Community Radio is one of the most cost-efficient modes of communication and has a distinctive edge when it comes to accessibility in villages and other far-flung regions of the country. Hence the integration of community radio in the overall Information & Communication Technology ecosystem will go a long way in solving the present education crisis.

Half-Duplex Radio: Toward Green 5G NR

The standardization of the 5th generation of mobile communication networks is paving its way in 3GPP, involving the evolution of 5G New Radio (NR). One of the key features of NR is its operation at high frequencies, such as mmWave, involving high human exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the atmosphere. This increases the power density levels in our ecosystem, high specific absorption rates in body tissues because of temperature elevation due to heating. This article provides an overview of the harmful impacts of the Radio Frequency fields with some radiation reduction techniques. A potential solution as a proposal in the form of “Thermal Radiation” (TR) mode to design the future mobile communication networks is presented. The proposed mode validates its performance by decreasing Power Density, complexity, and temperature elevation. Also high energy efficiency is obtained for the proposed TR mode, hence contributing toward Green Communication.

IEEE TCCN Special Section Editorial: Evolution of Cognitive Radio to AI-Enabled Radio and Networks

We are delighted to introduce this special section of the IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking (TCCN), which aims at addressing the evolution of cognitive radio (CR) to intelligence radio and networks by exploring recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). We have selected 14 articles for this special section after a rigorous review process, which are briefly discussed as follows.

A Baseline Roadmap for Advanced Wireless Research Beyond 5G

This paper presents a baseline roadmap for the evolution of 5G new radio over the next decade. Three timescales are considered, namely short-term (2022-ish), medium-term (2025-ish), and long-term (2030-ish). The evolution of the target key performance indicators (KPIs) is first analyzed by accounting for forecasts on the emerging use cases and their requirements, together with assumptions on the pace of technology advancements. The baseline roadmap is derived next by capturing the top-10 and next the top-5 technology trends envisioned to bring significant added value at each timescale. Being intrinsically predictive, our proposed baseline roadmap cannot assert with certainty the values of the target KPIs and the shortlisting of the technology trends. It is, however, aimed at driving discussions and collecting feedback from the wireless research community for future tuning and refinement as the 5G evolution journey progresses.

Future Intelligent and Secure Vehicular Network Toward 6G: Machine-Learning Approaches

As a powerful tool, the vehicular network has been built to connect human communication and transportation around the world for many years to come. However, with the rapid growth of vehicles, the vehicular network becomes heterogeneous, dynamic, and large scaled, which makes it difficult to meet the strict requirements, such as ultralow latency, high reliability, high security, and massive connections of the next-generation (6G) network. Recently, machine learning (ML) has emerged as a powerful artificial intelligence (AI) technique to make both the vehicle and wireless communication highly efficient and adaptable. Naturally, employing ML into vehicular communication and network becomes a hot topic and is being widely studied in both academia and industry, paving the way for the future intelligentization in 6G vehicular networks. In this article, we provide a survey on various ML techniques applied to communication, networking, and security parts in vehicular networks and envision the ways of enabling AI toward a future 6G vehicular network, including the evolution of intelligent radio (IR), network intelligentization, and self-learning with proactive exploration.

Getting better all the time - The Continued Evolution of the GNSS Software-Defined Radio

Getting better all the time - The Continued Evolution of the GNSS Software-Defined Radio

Immersive Media and their Future

Drawing on the deeply-engaging characteristics of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR), we refer to these three concepts collectively as “immersive media” (IM). IM are often thought of as new concepts, which may hold true in their integrated, holistic forms. However, the technological and psychological aspects of IM have long been explored, both in the media industry and in education. Through an analysis of the evolution of established media (EM), i.e., cinema, TV, radio, and video games, we explore the extent to which past processes in EM development resemble the current trajectory of IM evolution. We infer that with time, IM are likely to join EM and, consequently, they should not be considered solely as a passing trend. An immediate practical implication is that educators should not neglect allocating resources and time to research the potential of IM technology for learning.

From wireless experiments to streaming: The secret history and changing role of college radio at Haverford College 1923–2014

Abstract The 1920s were boom years for college radio, with at least 90 college radio stations in the United States by January 1924. This period was also the heyday for radio at Haverford College, a small, all-male Quaker College near Philadelphia. Its first radio station, WABQ, was launched by students in 1923. In the early years of the station, students embarked on a series of ambitious projects, including international wireless experiments. WABQ was sold to a commercial radio group and in its wake other stations (WHAV and WHRC) formed at Haverford. In the 1940s the station was part of one of the first intercollegiate radio networks. By the 1980s WHRC was a campus-only AM carrier-current station. As technology evolved WHRC abandoned carrier-current for Internet-only broadcasting and by 2009 even this netcast faded away. Following some experiments with transforming the station into a podcast-only DJ club in 2009–2010, WHRC was again resurrected as a streaming radio station in 2012. This article covers the more than 90-year history of radio at Haverford College from the 1920s to the present. It draws from historical documents and interviews with WHAV and WHRC participants from the 1940s through 2014. The story of Haverford College radio adds another voice to the currently very limited literature documenting both the very early history of college radio and the evolution of college radio in general.

Software-Defined Radio: Bridging the Analog–Digital Divide

In this paper, we present the evolution of software-defined radio (SDR) technology and show how it is currently at the forefront of numerous advances within the wireless sector, enabling new applications considered unrealizable only a decade ago. Specifically, this paper focuses on SDR from a discrete-time sampling perspective and discusses the efforts that are currently being pursued in order to further bridge the gap between these discrete-time samples, the hardware used to generate this information from continuous-time over-the-air signaling waveforms, and the software and digital logic used to process these samples into digital data via baseband processing. Given the extensive deployment of SDR technology across a growing number of applications, such as national defense, public safety, connected vehicles, education, and scientific research and development activities, it is vitally important that the wireless community understands the features, advantages, and limitations of this technology. With its versatility, cost, and functionality continuously improving, SDR has become a viable solution for prototyping wireless transceivers and networks that are much more tailored to specific applications and performance requirements relative to available off-the-shelf wireless solutions. To highlight the advantages and current issues with SDR technology, this paper presents several examples using a recently released, commercially available SDR platform.

The Radio in Spain: European Appearance, Franco’s Legacy

The democratisation of media depends not only on legal reforms and economic changes introduced into their structure, but also the biasing effect the dominant political culture can exert in this process. As seen in the Spanish radio industry, changes made since the beginning of the political transition period are purely formal because they remain deep traits inherited from the Franco dictatorship such as clientelism and political instrumentalisation. This article analyses the evolution of private radio and relates the survival of typical values of the dictatorship with the persistence of the political culture of Francoism, accepted and internalised by the new democratic regime.

The Evolution of Optical CATV Transport Systems and Radio over Fiber Transport Systems

The Evolution of Optical CATV Transport Systems and Radio over Fiber Transport Systems

Cognitive radio for medical body area networks using ultra wideband

Wearable wireless medical sensors beneficially impact the healthcare sector, and this market is experiencing rapid growth. In the United States alone, the telecommunications services market for the healthcare sector is forecast to increase from $7.5 billion in 2008 to $11.3 billion in 2013. Medical body area networks improve the mobility of patients and medical personnel during surgery, accelerate the patients’ recovery, and facilitate the remote monitoring of patients suffering from chronic diseases. Currently, MBANs are being introduced in unlicensed frequency bands, where the risk of mutual interference with other electronic devices can be high. Techniques developed during the evolution of cognitive radio can potentially alleviate these problems in medical communication environments. In addition, these techniques can help increase the efficiency of spectrum usage to accommodate the rapidly growing demand for wireless MBAN solutions and enhance coexistence with other collocated wireless systems. This article proposes a viable architecture of an MBAN with practical CR features based on ultra wideband radio technology. UWB signals offer many advantages to MBANs, and some features of this technology can be exploited for effective implementation of CR. We discuss the physical and MAC layer aspects of the proposal in addition to the implementation challenges.

The Persistence and Evolution of Educational Radio

The Persistence and Evolution of Educational Radio

Community Radio as an Alternative Tier of Broadcasting - The Challenges and Prospects in India

The word community radio conjures up a mix of reaction in the minds of Indian people. Sometimes the responses are optimistic as it recalls community radio stations, which have achieved spectacular success. But the responses are depressing when the dozens of unpopular and neglected community radio stations comes to ones notice. This dichotomy confuses one about the success of community radio and raises questions about its future. The questions which come to one's mind are — Can community radio as a tier of broadcasting be viewed as a real alternative to the public service and commercial enterprise broadcasting models? If yes, has it got the attention and recognition it really deserves? If no, what ails community radio in India? What are the challenges community radio faces in India? What are the opportunities available for the growth and appropriation of community radio in India especially for democratisation of information? A genuine attempt to answer these questions can go a long way in understanding the challenges and opportunities to the evolution of community radio, which this paper attempts to explain. In addition, it also explores the positive actions that can shape community radio as a powerful sector in India contributing to poverty reduction, development objectives, inclusiveness, and democracy building in local communities around. The discussions in this paper transpire that community radio can find tremendous opportunities in the sociocultural and linguistic diversities in India to evolve into a powerful alternative tier of broadcasting.

The Consumer Culture-From the Radio Act to iPhones

The iPhone introduced by Apple and AT&T in 2008 presents a new economic system to replace the advertising model created for mass media by the Radio Act of 1927. Christopher Lasch connects the development of the consumer culture to the evolution of radio into an advertising-based mass medium. Accordingly, the iPhone could led to the formation of a new cultural ideology.

Concentración y dependencia en la radio privada andaluza (1982-2008)

The aim of this text is to analyze the evolution of the private radio in Andalusia from the constitution of the first autonomous government. The article bears in mind the political and economic dimensions of this development; especially, we examine the different allocations of radio licenses as central elements to understand the process of concentration that is observed in the Andalusian radio broadcasting industry and the marginal character of the local independent stations.

NRJ Book Review: Baseball and the Media: How Fans Lose in Today's Coverage of the Game

Baseball and the Media: How Fans Lose in Today's Coverage of the Game, by George Castle (Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press, 2006) 262 pages, $24.95 (paperback).Reviewed by Colin M. DonohueGeorge Castle's status as a seam-head remains unquestioned. The Chicago Cubs baseball beat writer proves his allegiance the way any self-respecting baseball aficionado would: He takes his potshots at the game of football-most notably, the National Football League. Most who call themselves NFL fans probably could not name their favorite team's starting offensive linemen or top defensive reserves, Castle remarks in his opening salvo against all things NFL. Castle's deep-rooted affection for the national pastime is clearly evident, but the worrisome and oftentimes irascible author of Baseball and the Media laments for the fans of the game.Castle's thesis: Baseball is the most media-accessible professional sport, but increasingly, fans are receiving far less information about the game for a myriad of reasons, including the shrinking news holes, a re-emphasis on high school sports, the pervasiveness of sports talk radio, the 24-hour news cycle and the neophyte reporters assigned to cover baseball as their first regular newspaper gig. All of the above conspire to create a tenuous relationship between the media and professional baseball players. When those liaisons are severed, it is the fans who absorb the brunt of the divorce. Castle's analysis of the omnipresent ills that affect the print journalism industry, in general, breaks no new ground. His text, though, is still important because of its niche nature (it relates only to a specific sport) and because baseball has a long, rich history, which makes it easier to track the devolution of the sport's coverage.Castle meticulously lists the incremental downfall of baseball coverage, chapter by chapter. He recalls the days when beat writers from all major newspapers traveled with teams and spent their days at the ballparks, engaging players in off-the-cuff, informal conversations. Relationships were developed and cultivated. Information was richer. More important, the reporter was a fixture. Priorities began to shift, however, as football became more popular. strong-armed or capricious editors would demonstrate their desire to appeal to a focused audience, adhering to market-driven journalism principles, which meant papers began to value high school sports and professional football more than professional baseball. In addition, younger reporters are tasked with important jobs-usually the baseball beat. The youngsters, though, have little knowledge of clubhouse etiquette and baseball history, making the players weary of the infant media horde. The evolution of sports-talk radio and television, which extol highlights and shun the dissemination of legitimate information, hindered coverage more. Castle interviewed droves of baseball players (mostly Cubs), front office personnel and journalists. Like Castle, they, too, recognized the problem, which he so clearly recounts in his book. The author, however, never really proffers an overarching prescription to staunch the turning industry tide.It is easy to diagnose all that ails print journalism these days. But nailing down that elusive cure? There lies the problem. He can point to sports talk radio and say, rightly so, Sometimes the shock value of general talk radio slops over to inflame the players even more. And that affects how everyday media does their job. He can rail against the kiddie media who seem to disenchant and alienate players. But, other than stating that the trend toward less coverage needs to stop, how else can baseball reporting be saved? According to Castle, most likely not through the Internet:A portion of analysis is thoughtful, intelligent, even ahead of the curve found in established media. …