Evolution Of Inclusions Research Articles

Evolution of Complex Oxide Inclusions During the Smelting Process of Oxide Metallurgical Steel and Their Effect on Acicular Ferrite Nucleation

Evolution of Complex Oxide Inclusions During the Smelting Process of Oxide Metallurgical Steel and Their Effect on Acicular Ferrite Nucleation

Effects of Cerium Content on the Nonmetallic Inclusions and Impact Toughness of Transformation‐Induced Plasticity Steel

The effects of Ce treatment on the inclusion evolution and impact toughness of as‐cast transformation‐induced plasticity (TRIP) steel are systematically investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and impact toughness testing. The results reveal that in Fe‐2Mn‐1.5Al‐1Si‐0.2C steel without Ce, the primary inclusions consist of AlN, MnS, and Al2O3. After Ce addition, the inclusions evolve into Ce‐Al‐O, Ce2O2S, CeS, and Ce2O3 inclusions. The evolution of inclusions exhibits an initial reduction in both quantity and size with increasing Ce content, followed by a subsequent increase. In cases of excessive Ce content, there is an observable rise in the overall inclusion count, marked by the emergence of CeAs, CeP, and CeC2 inclusions. The segregation model suggests that P‐containing inclusions predominantly precipitate in the late solidification process, while As‐ and C‐containing inclusions form during the solid phase. When the Ce content reaches 0.0075 wt%, the minimum values of the number density and average diameter are 96.7 mm−2 and 1.6 μm, respectively. Furthermore, the influence of the size, morphology, quantity, and type of inclusions on the impact toughness are analyzed. The highest recorded impact energy is 6.8 J with a Ce content of 0.0075 wt%.

К ВОПРОСУ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ФИНАНСОВОЙ ДОСТУПНОСТИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ТЕОРИИ ФИНАНСОВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ

The article is devoted to the consideration of a number of relevant issues of modern financial development theory and financial inclusion, whose enquiries to improve the methodology of practical regulation and theoretical basis have recently become increasingly popular both in the scientific environment and the real sector of the economy. The paper examines the necessity of interpreting financial development at the current stage of formation of its theory directly in the paradigm of sustainability for the purposes of compliance with the current global economic challenges. The author considers historical aspects of the development of the current conjuncture of financial inclusion in Russia and determines the most significant factors in the evolution of financial inclusion by means of regression analysis. In the course of the research the features of financial inclusion are studied from the point of view of the possibility of its excessiveness and the existence of financial inclusion boundaries is confirmed. The article points out the risks and risk-forming factors characteristic of financial inclusion, which increase in the course of implementation of measures by the regulator and financial institutions to improve financial inclusion, and formulates a number of recommendations to harmonise financial inclusion in Russia and reduce the impact of negative effects from the consequences of the identified risks and threats.

Fluid flow, slag entrainment, and composition evolution of slag inclusions during vacuum degassing refining

A multiphase mathematical model was established to study the fluid flow, the open-eye formation, and the residence time of slag inclusions in a bottom argon-blowing ladle. The fluid flow was solved using the Eulerian-Lagrangian multiphase approach, and the interface between different phases was described using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) model. The motion of argon bubbles and slag inclusions was tracked with the method of the discrete phase model (DPM). Moreover, the composition transformation of slag inclusions was predicted by employing a kinetic model based on the coupled reactions model. Numerical results show that the flow of the molten steel and the open-eye of the molten slag were sensitive to the argon blowing rate. The larger argon blowing rate expanded the volume of the plume and the area of the open-eye. Slag droplets were considered to move with the steel to the region away from the open-eye and then entrained into the steel to form slag inclusions as there was barely any downward velocity around the open-eye. Most slag inclusions were able to be removed immediately after the entrainment, while there still were some slag inclusions retaining in the steel for as long as thousands of seconds. The composition of slag inclusions had an apparent transformation due to reactions with the steel. The content of SiO2 and MgO in slag inclusions had a decrease while that of Al2O3 rose remarkably. The variation of SiO2 content occurred in the early one minute and the MgO content reduced gradually from 7.34wt% to 1.12wt% in 10 min. The composition transformation of slag inclusions was basically completed within 10 min in the current case.

Development of Digital Finance and Enhancement of Regional Innovation in the Context of Dual Circulation

Amidst the framework of dual circulation, innovation emerges as a pivotal strategy for realizing high-quality economic development. Concurrently, digital finance, serving as a potent complement to traditional financial systems, significantly influences regional innovation enhancement. This research employs a spatial panel methodology to thoroughly investigate the inherent mechanisms through which digital finance development shapes regional innovation. Empirical testing is conducted using panel data derived from 283 mainland Chinese prefecture-level cities spanning from 2013 to 2020. The findings underscore that digital inclusive finance plays a crucial role in amplifying regional innovation output, unveiling a distinct spatial impact on innovation. The progression of each facet of digital finance contributes to mitigating supply-side financing constraints, thereby directly fostering heightened regional innovation. The study delves into a Chinese regional sub-sample, revealing a prevalent driving effect with conspicuous heterogeneity across the major regions—East > Central > West. As scientific and technological innovation stands as the primary driving force, its profound interplay with the evolution of financial inclusion in China is evident. This study provides valuable insights to fortify regional modernization efforts and serves as a reference for policymakers and researchers navigating the complex intersection of finance and innovation in the Chinese context.

Effect of types of calcium-containing alloy on non-metallic inclusions in high-Al steel

The influence of different calcium-containing alloys on inclusions in high-Al steel is investigated in the current study. The effects of SiCa, AlCa20, AlCa75 and FeSi alloys on the modification of solid inclusions in molten steel are compared, and the mechanism of inclusion evolution is revealed based on the non-uniform distribution of elements and the lattice mismatch between the inclusion particles. The results show that the Ca yield of FeSi alloy is 26%, which is significantly higher than that of other alloys (<5%). In addition, the calcium treatment by FeSi alloy causes less aspiration of molten steel, which is conducive to avoiding the increase of AlN in high-Al steel. After calcium treatment, the primary Al2O3 particles in steel are transformed into CaO-Al2O3-CaS and CaO-Al2O3-MgO complex inclusions, while AlN can only be precipitated in the form of a single particle, or precipitated from the transformed CaO · 2Al2O3 oxide. In general, FeSi alloy has the best effect on the modification of Al2O3 inclusions, which can maximize the transformation of solid particles into liquid inclusions in steel liquid without introducing too much impurities.

The Evolution of Services for Children with Autism and Developmental Disabilities in Nigeria

ABSTRACT Provision of services for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental disabilities (DD) in Nigeria has been influenced by US and international research and awareness efforts. Forces that impact progress include Nigerian cultural beliefs and family involvement, societal attitudes, inadequate infrastructure and resources, and inconsistent policy and enforcement of disability laws. These forces can impact families both positively and negatively. A lack of standardised teacher training and accreditation programs limit access for students with disabilities to individualised education programs (IEPs) and classroom inclusion. Effective treatments for those with ASD/DD are well-documented, however these effective interventions often do not reach more rural, low-income, or less developed nations or rural, low socioeconomic US schools. The focus of this paper is to thoroughly analyse the evolution of special education and inclusion in Nigeria and the United States and to highlight how US progression influenced Nigeria and the importance of advocating for culturally relevant, low-cost, research-based interventions and outreach African nations such as Nigeria.

Digital Business Innovation and Financial Inclusion: Panacea to Nigeria’s Economic Growth

An emphasis on inclusive development via conventional financial inclusion and digital innovation is evident globally. Contemporary business innovations are driven by digitalization. This paper explores the effects of financial inclusion and digital business innovations on Nigeria's economic growth. It tracks the evolution of financial inclusion from banking sector recapitalization, through the Maya Declaration's implementation and the regulation of M-payments to the licensing of Mobile Network Operators (MNOs). The article describes digital business innovation (DBI) facilitated by Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as well as Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a strategy that will raise the quality of life for those at the base of the development pyramid. The effectiveness of Digital Banking Inclusion (DBI) in Nigeria faces challenges including the presence of individuals without traditional bank accounts, the uneven distribution of digital technology and higher incomes in cities, barriers that hinder fair competition, the use of a single regulatory approach that may not fit all situations, a shortage of affordable, high-quality digital connections, and conflicts of interest between DBI service providers and DBI users. The study suggests speeding up the development of financial infrastructure, application of digital technologies, and modifying the regulatory framework to fit various contexts.
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A Contemporary Analysis on the Significant Contribution of Digital Financial Inclusion Towards the Achievement of Sustainable Development in India

Abstract: This article examines what has been achieved in India in terms of digital financial inclusion to date and how we may use current technologies to create a more inclusive society by utilizing various digital drives. The various barriers and difficulties that still stand in the way of creating a society that is digitally inclusive are described in this article. This article discusses the evolution of financial inclusion through e-commerce. We have made suggestions for addressing the major issues, highlighting the importance of interaction and transparency among all significant stakeholders in order to establish a digitally inclusive ecosystem and to make India's next wave of digital financial inclusion more successful. It deconstructs the trends and key players that support them, identifies the adoption barriers, and breaks down the trends and key players that support them. Keywords: Digital Financial Inclusion, Sustainable Development Goals, Economic Growth, Access to Finance, Environment, Mechanism.

Social inclusion of people with mental illness: the widening gap in the adult population in Belgium

Abstract Background Social inclusion is poor among people with mental illness (MI). In recent decades, many countries have developed policies to address this issue. It remains unclear, however, whether their social inclusion has improved over time. This study aimed to assess the evolution of the social inclusion of adults with moderate and severe MI compared to the general population without MI between 1997 and 2018 in Belgium. Methods Data on the general adult population were retrieved from the Belgian Health Interview Survey in six cross-sectional waves from 1997 to 2018. Three degrees of MI severity were compared using the 12-items General Health Questionnaire: no MI, moderate MI, and severe MI (score < 4, 4-7, and > 7). Social inclusion was measured using indicators relating to employment, income, social contacts, and partnership. Results Since 1997, the probability of being unemployed, having limited social contacts, and living on less than 60% of the median national income has been increasing among people with severe MI. Between 1997 and 2018, social inclusion increased among the general population without MI and among people with moderate MI, but decreased among people with severe MI. Conclusions The gap between the social inclusion of people with severe MI and people with moderate or no MI has widened over time, despite major reforms of mental health care and policies. Policymakers and clinical practitioners should pay more attention to supporting the social inclusion of people with more severe MI, particularly in relation to employability and social support. Key messages • In Belgium, the social inclusion of people with severe mental illness has decreased over the past two decades. • The widespread social exclusion of people with severe mental illness is in conflict with international human rights conventions.

Exploring the Potential Presence of Colonialism in the Digital Art Field from A Global Perspective

The advancement of digital art has significantly transformed how artistic creations are presented. Nevertheless, this transformation is intrinsically entwined with the historical impact of colonialism. This article takes a global perspective to investigate underlying colonialism-related concerns within the realm of digital art. It begins by elucidating how colonialism distorts conventional art forms, often resulting in the erasure of indigenous cultures. Subsequently, it delves into the enduring influence of colonialism in digital art, encompassing aspects such as technological dominance, cultural value crises, and the emergence of digital capitalism. The study underscores the imperative for researchers to scrutinize this multifaceted issue through a global lens, honoring the richness of diverse cultures and facilitating equitable dialogues. Furthermore, the article advocates for the concept of "digital interruption," endorsing collaboration among peripheral nations and the pursuit of developmental avenues aligned with local circumstances. The presence of colonialism in digital art serves as a poignant reminder of the necessity to cultivate critical thinking, foster cultural empathy, and champion the causes of historically marginalized groups. Ultimately, this endeavor contributes to the positive and inclusive evolution of digital art.

Reoxidation of liquid steel and evolution of inclusions during protective atmosphere electroslag remelting of Ce-containing heat-resistant stainless steel

Reoxidation of liquid steel and evolution of inclusions during protective atmosphere electroslag remelting of Ce-containing heat-resistant stainless steel

A new rural digital divide? Taking stock of geographical digital inclusion in Australia

This article reflects on and progresses Australian and international debates about the urban–rural digital divide. In commentary style, I draw on my own experience of living in rural Australia and six years of scholarship devoted to understanding digital inclusion in geographically remote communities. The paper is anchored theoretically in global scholarly debates around rural digital inclusion, but also deeply contextualised in the current state of digital infrastructure and capability investment and the lived experiences of people in rural Australia. In tacking stock of the geographical digital divide, I combine findings and vignettes from my published research with the insights of other authors and data from the Australian Digital Inclusion Index. I make observations about the evolution of geographical digital inclusion in Australia focused on three themes: incremental digital development; the complexity and cost of getting connected; and compounding factors of disadvantage. These insights culminate in articulation of an emerging digital divide within rural cohorts.

Evolution of inclusions in vacuum induction melting of superalloys containing 70% return material

Evolution of inclusions in vacuum induction melting of superalloys containing 70% return material

Revealing Inclusion Evolution Behaviors During Hot-Rolling Heating of EH550 Offshore Engineering Steel

Revealing Inclusion Evolution Behaviors During Hot-Rolling Heating of EH550 Offshore Engineering Steel

Investigation of Evolution of Inclusions in 15-5PH Stainless Steel During Hot Compression Using 3D X-Ray Microscopy

Investigation of Evolution of Inclusions in 15-5PH Stainless Steel During Hot Compression Using 3D X-Ray Microscopy

Financial inclusion in Peru: Appraisal and perspectives

Financial inclusion is a relevant matter that is constantly being looked upon, given its influence in reducing poverty and enabling the low-income population to access financial products and services, thus improving their living condition. This research aims to analyze the evolution of financial inclusion in Peru during the last seven years (2016-2022);also, it takes into consideration information from secondary source databases, such as reports from the World Bank, the Superintendencia de Banca y Seguros, and the Banco Central de Reserva del Perú. The method used has a descriptive and explanatory design. The findings of the research provide evidence that 56% of the Peruvian population has access to financial services (64% in urban areas and 31% in rural areas), which falls below the goal of 75% set by the Peruvian government. This gap can be attributed to customer service costs, including in-person service or adequate infrastructure for better service (access limitations), and poor financial education (limiting broader usage).

A Review on Evolution and Importance of Diversity Education and Inclusion in Building an Effective Organizational Culture

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to explore the history and development of diversity education and inclusion in organizations and to highlight their importance in creating a positive and productive workplace culture. The study intends to investigate the advantages of diversity and inclusion in organisations, such as technical excellence, sound decision, and enhanced retention and engagement among staff members. It also seeks to identify the challenges and barriers to implementing effective diversity and inclusion programs and strategies, and to suggest best practices for organizations seeking to build a diverse and inclusive workplace culture. Ultimately, the goal of the study is to provide insights and recommendations that can help organizations create a more welcoming, inclusive, and equitable workplace for all employees. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study involves a literature review and analysis of existing skill variety and advancement research. This would involve reviewing academic journals, books, and other relevant publications on the topic, as well as industry reports and case studies. Results/ Findings: The review paper finds that diversity education and inclusion initiatives have evolved over time, from simply focusing on compliance with anti-discrimination laws to recognizing the value of diversity in creating a more innovative and productive workplace culture. Identifies common challenges and barriers to implementing effective diversity and inclusion programs, such as resistance from some employees, lack of buy-in from leadership, and difficulty in measuring the impact of such initiatives. the findings of the study may contribute to a better understanding of the benefits and challenges of diversity and inclusion initiatives in organizations and provide recommendations for building a more inclusive and equitable workplace culture. Value: The paper emphasises the importance of research through a detailed examination of the literature on the subject, recognizing the value of diversity in creating a more innovative and productive workplace culture. Type of Paper: Literature Review

Refinement and Modification of Al2O3 Inclusions in High-Carbon Hard Wire Steel via Rare Earth Lanthanum.

In this paper, an experimental protocol of adding rare earth lanthanum (La) was used to refine and modify inclusions (Al2O3) in aluminum-deoxidized steel. An optical microscope (OM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were used to study the impact of size distribution, number density, distribution uniformity, interfacial distance, area density, and so on of rare earth La on high-carbon hard wire steel inclusions. As indicated by the findings when the addition amount of La is 0.063%, the refining and homogenizing effect of Al2O3 inclusions in steel is the best. The average diameter of the inclusions is 1.75 μm, the uniformity is 0.84, the proportion of the interfacial spacing greater than 10 μm is 48.4%, and the area density of inclusions is set at 0.014. Based on classical thermodynamics and Factsage software, the effect of La activity on inclusion formation was computed. As indicated by the findings, the addition of rare earth La mainly combines with O and S in the liquid steel, and the La-containing inclusions wrap around the Al2O3 inclusions, hindering the Al2O3 inclusions. Through the evolution of inclusions during solidification, the modification of Al2O3 inclusions via rare earth La and the types of inclusions are discussed. The experimental results and theoretical calculations verify that the optimal treatment plan is to add 0.063% La.

Transient evolution of non-metallic inclusions in molten high aluminum and high manganese steel contacting with slag and crucible: experimental investigation and FactSage macros modeling

In this work, high temperature experiments of high Al molten steel contacting with crucible and slag were performed to investigate the effect of crucible–slag–steel reaction on transient evolution of inclusions in the high Al molten steel. Processing samples were taken for the chemical compositions of steel and also the inclusions have been characterized by using SEM and EDS AZtec. FactSage macros have been applied to simulate the evolution of molten steel composition and inclusions in molten steel during steel-slag reaction and comparing to the experimental results. Due to the steel–crucible–slag reactions especially under the condition of the high Al molten steel, the Ca and Mg transferred from slag and crucible to the molten steel and then subsequently led to the evolution of Mg and Ca-containing inclusions. The Mg inclusions transferred from MgAl2O4 to MgO inclusions while Ca transferred to steel and modified MgAl2O4 at crucible interface to form CaMgAl2O5 phase. The FactSage macros modeling did agree reasonably well with the experimental results.