Evolution Of Economic System Research Articles

The theoretical basis of economic potential reproduction of the corporation in the financial crisis conditions

The article theoretically proves that crisis becomes a factor of evolution of economic systems in the conditions of market economy. The crisis is a category of macro -, meso – and micro-level and occurs in the world, national and regional economies. "*"So authors proves that crises have a particular importance for corporations: on the one hand organizations are the accumulators of all negative manifestations of the external environment of activity, and on the other they are independent sources of bifurcations, developing in the internal system of relations. In this regard, in spite of all the negative aspects of the financial crisis for the functioning of the country's economy, it can be considered as an incentive to find opportunities for development and increase the efficiency of corporate production. Practical point of view shows that the use of the capabilities of each individual corporation in the context of the financial crisis should be based on forecasting the impending threats of crisis phenomena and their elimination, leveling or using for economic growth. The growth prospects listed in the article are an example of turning of negative economic factors into opportunities for the development of commercial structures. At the same time, each business entity should work out a business development strategy and have a mobile financial policy that can be adapted as soon as possible in unstable conditions dictated by the crisis.

The evolution of economic systems: varieties of capitalism in the global economy

The evolution of economic systems: varieties of capitalism in the global economy

Qual o significado de valor? Uma abordagem baseada em diferentes perspectivas

A pesquisa relacionada ao desenvolvimento e conceituação de valor envolve diferentes áreas do conhecimento e é caracterizada por um desenrolar temporal associado à gênese e evolução dos sistemas econômicos. Um número significativo de estudos nessa área ao passar dos anos tem sido direcionado a aspectos puramente econômicos, principalmente no que se refere à análise de criação de valor pelas organizações. O presente artigo tem como objetivo revisitar o conceito de valor por meio do paradigma econômico-social e utiliza de uma revisão de literatura fundamentada em diferentes disciplinas que contribuem para definir conceitualmente os determinantes da criação de valor. Observa-se que a sustentabilidade empresarial e as técnicas relacionadas à gestão de operações vêm sendo muito estudadas nos últimos anos, sendo a sustentabilidade considerada de “valor intangível”, porém elevado, tanto quanto valores de credibilidade e reputação organizacional. O trabalho contribui na identificação e conceituação dos determinantes da criação de valor, além de verificar que a sustentabilidade é um dos conceitos fortes na agenda estratégica das organizações e uma importante orientação para criação e manutenção de valor em uma perspectiva de longo prazo.

Institutional and Organizational Features of the Cross-Border Freight Traffic in the Conditions of Integration among Former Soviet States Part 2

The article considers the technical, technological, institutional and organizational barriers of cross-border transportation of goods. The study uses an institutional approach as a methodological alternative to other approaches. The institutional and organizational problems of border crossing points arrangement, the consequences of the application of unified transport documents, the introduction of electronic communication forms are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of demonstration actions, the daily practice of reducing the time of customs procedures and reducing the transaction costs of cross-border freight traffic. At the same time, it is specified that the way of effectiveness increase of cross-border transportation of goods is a simultaneous implementation of technical and institutional innovations. Emphasis is placed on identifying the institutional and organizational features of the international transportation of goods by road, in particular, the problems of the evolution of the customs duties guaranteed payment institute, the permission system in the implementation of cross-border goods traffic. It is especially specified that the state support of national businessmen demands the development of a mechanism providing a parity of the Russian and foreign carriers, at least in the field of freight hauling for the state needs with attraction of credit resources of banks with the state participation. It is emphasized that elimination of all informal (shadow) relations in this sphere has to become the first step on the way of improvement of the institutional environment of the international road haulage. The institutional characteristics of transportation of goods in certain areas, in particular, road haulage to China through Kazakhstan, and the challenges and prospects for the use and development of the Kaliningrad region transit potential are allocated. The institutional and organizational characteristics of multimodal transport development in cross-border traffic are shown. The findings of the study suggest that the development of cross-border transportation of goods and the transport and transit potential implementation in Eurasian Economic Union countries — can and should provide income for business entities, the budgets of all levels and the public, as well as to become the locomotive of industrial and technological modernization and institutional — organizational evolution of economic systems and integration associations.

Institutional and organizational features of cross-border cargo traffic in the Post-Soviet space integration terms. Part I

The article covers the technical, technological, institutional, and organizational barriers of cross-border transportation of cargo. The study uses an institutional approach as a methodological alternative to other approaches. The study touches on institutional and organizational problems of border crossing checkpoints arrangement, the consequences of the application of unified transport documents and the introduction of electronic communication forms. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of demonstrative actions and the daily practice of reducing the time of customs procedures and reducing transaction costs of cross-border cargo traffic. Herewith it is indicated that the most effective way to improve the efficiency of cross-border transportation of cargo suggests simultaneous implementation of technical and institutional innovations. Emphasis is placed on identifying the institutional and organizational features of the international road transportation of cargo, in particular, the problems of the evolution of the guaranteed customs duties payment institute, the permission system in the implementation of cross-border cargo traffic. The fact that the state support of national entrepreneurs requires a mechanism to ensure the parity of Russian and foreign carriers, at least in the field of cargo transportation for state needs, with the involvement of credit resources of government-linked banks is highlighted. It is underlined that the first step towards improving the institutional environment of international road transportation should envisage the elimination of all informal (shadow) relations in this sphere. The article identifies institutional features of cargo transportation in specific areas such as deliveries by road to China through Kazakhstan, and the challenges and prospects for the use and development of transit potential of Kaliningrad Region. The article shows institutional and organizational characteristics of combined transportation in cross-border traffic. The article concludes that the development of cross-border transportation of cargo and the implementation of transport and transit potential of EAEU member states may and should become a powerful source of income for business entities, budgets of all levels and households, as well as the driving force of industrial and technological upgrading and institutional and organizational evolution of economic systems of the countries and integration associations.

Institutional and Organizational Features of the Cross-Border Freight Traffic in the Conditions of Integration Among Former Soviet States. Part 1

The article considers the technical, technological, institutional and organizational barriers of cross-border transportation of goods. The study uses an institutional approach as a methodological alternative to other approaches. The institutional and organizational problems of border crossing points arrangement, the consequences of the application of unified transport documents, the introduction of electronic communication forms are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of demonstration actions, the daily practice of reducing the time of customs procedures and reducing the transaction costs of crossborder freight traffic. At the same time, it is specified that the way of effectiveness increase of cross-border transportation of goods is a simultaneous implementation of technical and institutional innovations. Emphasis is placed on identifying the institutional and organizational features of the international transportation of goods by road, in particular, the problems of the evolution of the customs duties guaranteed payment institute, the permission system in the implementation of cross-border goods traffic. It is especially specified that the state support of national businessmen demands the development of a mechanism providing a parity of the Russian and foreign carriers, at least in the field of freight hauling for the state needs with attraction of credit resources of banks with the state participation. It is emphasized that elimination of all informal (shadow) relations in this sphere has to become the first step on the way of improvement of the institutional environment of the international road haulage. The institutional characteristics of transportation of goods in certain areas, in particular, road haulage to China through Kazakhstan, and the challenges and prospects for the use and development of the Kaliningrad region transit potential are allocated. The institutional and organizational characteristics of multimodal transport development in cross-border traffic are showed. The findings of the study suggest that the development of cross-border transportation of goods and the transport and transit potential implementation in Eurasian Economic Union countries — can and should provide income for business entities, the budgets of all levels and the public, as well as become the locomotive of industrial and technological modernization as well as institutional and organizational evolution of economic systems and integration associations.

Introduction: co-evolution and complex adaptive systems in evolutionary economics

The theme of the 14th International Joseph A. Schumpeter Conference, held from July 2nd–5th 2012, was “the evolution of economic systems, through innovation, entrepreneurship and competitive processes.” This was intended to be broad enough to encompass a wide range of submitted papers in evolutionary economics and related areas. However, perhaps more than in previous conferences, there was a focus upon viewing economic evolution from the perspective of complex systems science, suitably defined for application in economic contexts. This reflected the ongoing interest in complex economic systems that had existed at the University of Queensland for two decades. Some will remember the first ‘Brisbane Club’ international workshop on this perspective on evolutionary economics at UQ in 1999 and the resultant volume edited by Foster and Metcalfe in 2001. Although having the Schumpeter Conference in Brisbane was viewed by many of us as a fitting conclusion to the Brisbane Club series of meeting ..

Marshall, Schumpeter and evolution

As Stan Metcalfe is the leading exponent of combining Marshallian and Schumpeterian conceptions of the evolution of economic systems, it is appropriate to explore the similarities and differences between Marshall's and Schumpeter's work, and in doing so, to draw particularly on major Companions to each and a conference volume, which is explicitly focused on such comparisons, to all of which he has contributed. Economic systems generate and diffuse novelty through the creation and application of knowledge, which is inherently unpredictable but which emerges from diverse forms of organization. This process of selective co-ordination relies on quasi-decomposability – which implies partial equilibrium, and therefore entails multiple failure and sometimes major disruption, both of which should be represented in economic theory and should inform economic policy.

The Dualism of Economic Systems and Its Role in Development of Economies

The role of economic dualism in the evolution of economic systems are tackled in the article. It shows that economic systems have the properties similar in their manifestation to dualism.

Foundation of the cliometrics analysis of regional characteristics of the evolution of economic systems

In the article, the methodical foundations of formation of simulating model of regional social and economic systems evolution reflecting admissible implementation variations of modern economic reform are considered, on conditions that some policy decisions were not made or was different. This approach allows not only to combine factual description with the studying of time series indicators characterizing a course of modern economic reform realization, but also to give a ranking score of received and possible results of the reformation. The authors of the article did not aim at giving answers to all questions while studying such a difficult issue as a modern economic reform, and, especially, at developing a full-scale model of reformation of the 1990th. For a start, it is necessary to prove that alternative options of implementation of the reform are possible, and there are some bifurcation points where attractor could change the direction. In the following, the research results can be a starting basis for collecting the statistical information necessary for calculations for a model of modern economic reform.

Diversity, Economic Webs, and Growth

In this paper we build upon work by Jacobs (1961, 1963, 1984) and Glaeser et al. (1993) to derive the following hypothesis: diversity of economic agents is conducive to innovation, and thus to growth. We present a simple model of a small open economy existing in a world where prices are fixed exogenously, capital (in this case knowledge capital specific to the firm) is immobile, rival and excludable. There is no market for the exchange of knowledge capital, so persistent quasi-rents accrue to firms with better than average productivity. We discuss some results pertaining to special cases of the model. We then extend the model to allow for external economies and to examine the relationship between economic diversity and growth. This leads to a tentative conclusion that may reconcile two distinct views of economic growth: the view that diversity of economic activities drives growth, and the view that economic specialization drives growth. We propose that these two phenomena represent distinct episodes in the evolution of economic systems.

Development and application of the theory of parametric regulation of evolution of economic systems based on a neoclassical model of optimal growth

Presented were some results on roughness of the mathematical model of the neoclassical theory of optimal growth with and without parametric regulation, selection of the optimal law of parametric regulation, and the optimal law of parametric regulation vs. the uncontrollable parameters of this mathematical model based on the parametric regulation theory.

Delayed information flow effect in economy systems. An ACP model study

Applying any strategy requires some knowledge about the past state of the system. Unfortunately in the case of economy, collecting information is a difficult, expensive and time consuming process. Therefore, the information about the system is usually known only at the end of some well-defined intervals, e.g. through company, national bank inflation data and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reports, etc. They describe a (market) situation in the past. The time delay is specific to the market branch. It can be very short (e.g. stock market offer is updated every minute or so and this information is quasi-immediately available) or long, like months in the case of agricultural markets, when the decisions are taken based on the results from the previous harvest. The analysis of the information flow delay can be based on the Ausloos–Clippe–Pękalski (ACP) model of spatial evolution of economic systems. The entities can move on a (square) lattice and when meeting take one of the two following decisions: merge or create a new entity. The decision is based on the system state, which is known with some time delay. The effect of system's feedback is hereby investigated. We consider the case of company distribution evolution in a heterogeneous field. The information flow time delay implies different final states, including cycles; it is like a control parameter in a logistic map.

CONCIENCIA Y DINERO: UN APORTE A UNA ECONOMÍA EVOLUTIVA

Changes in the development of consciousness frequently occur in clearly identificable sequences that can be described as pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional levels. Each one of these levels is characterized by specific patterns of being, feeling and thinking, acting and communicating. When the historical evolution of economic systems, and especially their key organizing institution of money, are mapped on the same sequence, some interesting insights arise on today’s state of economic theory and on its likely future evolution towards a knowledge-based economy.

Economics as an Evolutionary System—Psychological Development and Economic Behavior

Consciousness changes occur in a clearly identifiable sequence that can be described as premodern, modern, and post-modern levels. Each one of these levels is characterized by specific patterns of being, feeling and thinking, acting and communicating. When the historical evolution of economic systems and its key organizing institution of money are mapped on that same sequence, interesting insights arise on today’s state of economic theory, and on its likely future evolution towards a Knowledge-based economy. After identifying the necessary characteristics of any development, as well as some potential failures in that process, a description of development as empirically verified in the psychological domain is given, leading to the observation that the consciousness reference point is itself an evolutionary process; These findings are applied to economic behavior and to the evolution of the money system specifically, with the conclusion that “economic man” is a valid model only within one particular consciousness level; Finally a synthesis of the implications of all the above for the future evolution of both human society in general and economics in particular is discussed.

Empiricism in ecological economics: a perspective from complex systems theory

Economies are open complex adaptive systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium, and neo-classical environmental economics seems not to be the best way to describe the behaviour of such systems. Standard econometric analysis (i.e. time series) takes a deterministic and predictive approach, which encourages the search for predictive policy to ‘correct’ environmental problems. Rather, it seems that, because of the characteristics of economic systems, an ex-post analysis is more appropriate, which describes the emergence of such systems’ properties, and which sees policy as a social steering mechanism. With this background, some of the recent empirical work published in the field of ecological economics that follows the approach defended here is presented. Finally, the conclusion is reached that a predictive use of econometrics (i.e. time series analysis) in ecological economics should be limited to cases in which uncertainty decreases, which is not the normal situation when analysing the evolution of economic systems. However, that does not mean we should not use empirical analysis. On the contrary, this is to be encouraged, but from a structural and ex-post point of view.

Applications of small-world networks to some socio-economic systems

Small-world networks (SWN) are found to be closer to the real social systems than both regular and random lattices. Then, a model for the evolution of economic systems is generalized to SWN. The Sznajd model for the two-state opinion formation problem is applied to SWN. Then a simple definition of leaders is included. These models explain some socio-economic aspects.

Money Manager Capitalism: Still Here, but Not Quite as Expected

Hyman Minsky is well known for books and essays on the cyclical instability of capitalism. In the last dozen or so years of his life, however, Minsky often looked beyond business cycles and focused instead on the structural evolution of economic systems over long periods of time. He believed that the US economy of the 1980s and 1990s was profoundly different from the economy of the 1950s and 1960s-and that an appreciation of the key differences was essential to understanding and managing economic activity at the end of the twentieth century. Minsky explained the post-World War II changes in the US economy by presenting a theory of capitalist development. That theory, influenced by his association with Joseph Schumpeter, emphasizes financial-market innovations and their impact on the broader economy. In particular, Minsky argued that the US economy evolved through three stages prior to the 1980s-commercial capitalism, finance capitalism, and managerial capitalism-and that it entered a new stage, money manager capitalism, in the 1980s (Minsky 1990; 1993; Whalen 1997; 2001). If imitation is the highest form of praise, then the notion of money manager capitalism (MMC) has received considerable acclaim. Michal Useem, of the Wharton School, published a book in 1996 entitled Investor Capitalism (1996). In 2000, James Hawley and Andrew Williams, of Saint Mary's College of California, published The Rise of Fiduciary Capitalism (2000). Like Minsky's writings, both works stress how money managers-institutional investors, especially those who oversee pension and mutual funds-can have a profound effect on business and the economy.

A model for the evolution of economic systems in social networks

A model for the evolution of economic systems is defined on a one-dimensional lattice using Pareto optimality. Pareto optimality is shown to maximize the total payoff of all agents in comparison to the Nash optimality. The small-world networks are found to be closer to the real social systems than both regular and random lattices. Then, the model is generalized to small-world networks that display different dynamics from the one-dimensional case.

Culture and national S&T performance: A framework for analysing socio‐institutional factors in RTD policy making

Since the 1970s, policy makers and researchers have attempted to understand what factors influence national S&T performance. Whereas researchers predominantly aimed at explaining disparate economic development paths by understanding the role of innovation and technological advance in the evolution of economic systems, policy makers hoped to discover those mechanism that would enhance national S&T performance. The work of Mary Douglas provides a framework for systematically comparing organizational and institutional cultures. Although Mary Douglas originally devised the approach to explain her African fieldwork data, successive social scientists, most notably Aaron Wildavsky, Michael Thompson, and Steve Rayner, have adapted the model to suit the needs of policy analysis.