Evolution Of Economic System Research Articles

To the Question of the Conjunction of the Cognitive Potential of the Dialectical Method and the Systematic Approach

The presented text is devoted to the study, systematization and integration of economic knowledge in the aspect of researching the possibilities of coupling the cognitive potential of the dialectical method and systems approach in the context of identifying the features of the evolution process of complex weakly structured macro-objects, which are in different phase states of their being. As a scientific goal, the problem of researching the possible limits and potential of applying the dialectical method and the system approach in the context of identifying the features of the process of evolution of economic systems, mediated by the phase nature of the process of social production. Based on the cognitive potential of the dialectical method, system analysis, supplemented by certain elements of the method of ascent from the abstract to the concrete, it is proved that the conjunction of the cognitive potential of these tools, ultimately allows a comprehensive qualitative presentation of the evolution of economic systems; the approach proposed by the authors fully fits into the synergistic paradigm of modern science, as its basis is the study of qualitative transformations in macroobjects, that are in a dynamic nonequilibrium state, for which the multivariate nature of elements is inherent.

Rethinking the Theoretical Foundation of Economics I: The Multilevel Paradigm

Abstract This article is the first of a series that offers a new paradigm for economics, the “multilevel paradigm,” using generalized Darwinism as its theoretical framework. Generalized Darwinism refers to all processes that combine the ingredients of variation, selection, and replication – not just genetic evolution – making it relevant to the cultural evolution of economic systems that are embedded in political, social, and environmental systems. We contrast the multilevel paradigm with the neoclassical paradigm and other schools of economic thought. The multilevel paradigm, like the neoclassical paradigm, provides an integrative framework for micro- and macro-economics. It also incorporates the meso level, comprising groups of various sizes, linking micro and macro. Other schools of economic thought are not fully integrative in this sense, constituting instead a form of diffuse pluralism. In the integrative framework of the multilevel paradigm, many important ideas that are currently on the periphery of economics are brought toward the core.

The logic behind evolution of economic systems under uncertainty and the choice of a socialist market economy

PurposeThis paper aims to determine the status of the socialist market economy through a logical analysis of the evolution of economic systems in human society.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents an analysis of uncertainty and the functions performed by different economic systems in managing and resolving it, thereby explaining the evolutionary rationale behind economic system evolution.FindingsFirstly, the socialist market economy empowers the market to play a decisive role in resource allocation, which serves as the foundation for activating individuals' motivation to engage in economic activities. Secondly, the socialist market economy adheres to the basic socialist economic system, which is the basis for the socialist market economy to stabilize the economy and society or to address the risk of economic uncertainty that may trigger macro-level inconsistencies in economic operations. Thirdly, the advantages of a socialist market economy in adapting to economic uncertainties do not arise spontaneously and must be exerted through continuous improvement of the socialist market economy.Originality/valueThe innovation of this paper lies in introducing uncertainty to clarify the logic behind the evolution of economic systems in human society and explaining the typical significance of the socialist market economy and its advantages in accommodating and resolving uncertainty.

ІНСТИТУЦІЙНІ КОНЦЕПТИ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОННИХ ПЛАТІЖНИХ ПОСЛУГ У ЦИФРОВІЙ ЕКОНОМІЦІ

The article examines the institutional concepts of the formation and functioning of electronic payment services in the digital economy. The accumulation of technological changes associated with the spread and use of information technologies and the evolution of economic systems caused by them led to the emergence of a new quality of the economic system, which was called the "digital economy". One of the sectors where digitization is taking place most intensively and most successfully is the financial market, and especially the market of financial services. It was determined that the basic institutional concepts of the formation and functioning of electronic payment services in the digital economy are technological support and digital infrastructure, which are interconnected and operate on the basis of an intellectual component (algorithms and software) and an organizational component (protocols and standards). Digital business involves the use of information and communication technologies and information systems (artificial intelligence, etc.), which provide for its formation and functioning in terms of three aspects: organizational, information and structure-forming. Considering the rapid development of technological progress, the governments of various countries consider the formation and functioning of electronic payment services in the digital economy as a new stage of innovative development of the financial services market, which is accompanied by positive and negative effects. In the composition of institutional concepts of the formation and functioning of electronic payment services in the digital economy, the subjects of the formation and functioning of electronic payment services (traditional; innovative; technological) and organizational models of building financial relations, which are characterized by a list of features, occupy an important place.

Capability accumulation patterns across economic, innovation, and knowledge-production activities

The evolution of economic and innovation systems at the national scale is shaped by a complex dynamics related to the multi-layer network connecting countries to the activities in which they are proficient. Each layer represents a different domain, related to the production of knowledge and goods: scientific research, technology innovation, industrial production and trade. Nestedness, a footprint of a complex dynamics, emerges as a persistent feature across these multiple kinds of activities (i.e. network layers). We observe that, in the layers of innovation and trade, the competitiveness of countries correlates unambiguously with their diversification, while the science layer shows some peculiar features. The evolution of the scientific domain leads to an increasingly modular structure, in which the most developed countries become relatively less active in the less advanced scientific fields, where emerging countries acquire prominence. This observation is in line with a capability-based view of the evolution of economic systems, but with a slight twist. Indeed, while the accumulation of specific know-how and skills is a fundamental step towards development, resource constraints force countries to acquire competitiveness in the more complex research fields at the expense of more basic, albeit less visible (or more crowded) ones. This tendency towards a relatively specialized basket of capabilities leads to a trade-off between the need to diversify in order to evolve and the need to allocate resources efficiently. Collaborative patterns among developed countries reduce the necessity to be competitive in the less sophisticated research fields, freeing resources for the more complex ones.

Dialectics of the evolution of economic systems

Dialectics of the evolution of economic systems

Человеческий капитал как экономическая категория: эволюция концепций и современное понимание

The author’s approach to the theoretical analysis of the evolution in the human capital concepts and key elements of this economic term is presented in the article. The methodologies of evolutionary and systemic approaches in economic theory were used as tools for this analysis. The evolution of concepts and content of terms denoting any socio-economic phenomena does not occur independently, but is interconnected with the development of productive forces and production relations in a given society. It is determined by the logic of the development unambiguously. The human capital as a scientific category is not an exception. Despite the fact that this term appeared relatively recently, the economic phenomenon that it denotes has existed for as long as we talk about productive labor and capital in the modern sense. As a result, the evolution of economic systems and concepts describing them has led to the analytical identification of two key elements of human capital: education and health. Ignoring at least one of these elements in the analysis would prevent from understanding the true economic nature of human capital, while adding new ones would not change the phenomenon significantly.

The evolution of economic systems: Dialectic of the genesis

Subject. The article addresses the systematization and integration of economic knowledge from the standpoint of analysis of system contradictions, constituting necessary and sufficient conditions for the evolutionary development of economic systems, based on the cognitive potential of the dialectical system-historical approach. Objectives. The purpose is a qualitative representation of the dialectic of genesis in the context of the phase transformation of the evolution of complex weakly structured objects and macro-systems. Methods. The study rests on the cognitive potential of the dialectical method, the method of rising from the abstract to the concrete, supplemented by specific elements of the formational approach, which enables to qualitatively determine and fix the system features and axioms of the dialectic of the genesis of economic systems, and possible trajectories of their further existence. Results. The paper presents system contradictions, qualitative features and axioms of the dialectic of genesis. From the epistemological viewpoint, the application of the systems approach to the process of qualitative representation of the dialectic of the genesis of economic systems is based on the possibility of understanding the existing reality through the unfolding set of categories that provide to form an adequate idea of practice. Conclusions. The study systematizes main results that are applicable to the solution of the stated goal, which, in the future, can become a scientific and methodological basis for subsequent studies on the evolution of complex weakly structured objects and macrosystems.

ПАРАДИГМА «НОВОГО ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО СВІТОГЛЯДУ» ЄС

The essential conceptual component of the innovation power of the EU economy in the last decade is the paradigm of the "new innovative worldview", which is based on the conceptual apparatus of "open innovation", called "Open Innovation 2.0». The research aims to study the modern paradigm of the "new innovative worldview" of the European Union. The research methodology involved extensive analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalisation tools. The article examines the global paradigm of the "new innovative worldview" of the European Union. It defines the main features that characterise the "Open Innovation 2.0" of the EU. The paper proves that knowledge and innovation remain priority areas for developing the innovation power of the European Union. The emergence and development of "open innovation" are associated with a synergistic worldview of the evolution of economic systems and the deep media informatisation and digitalisation processes, which stimulate the computer revolution and virtualism. It demonstrates that the characteristic feature of economic development of EU member states is openness to change, the desire to improve the quality of life, the level of competitiveness of products, services and all types of resources provided by innovation as one of the most critical drivers of social development. It analyses the innovation power of the European Union member states according to the European Innovative Scoreboard. The article presents the rating of EU member states on innovation force. It founds that Sweden is still the leader in innovation in the EU. It considers the European Union's innovation strategies "Europe 2020" and the new six-year Horizon Europe – the EU research and innovation framework programme 2021–2027. It is concluded that in current conditions, the global paradigm of the "innovation worldview" of the European Union is that by pursuing an active policy of dissemination of innovation and new knowledge, EU member states contribute to the fact that regional policy, previously redistributive, all acquires more features of structural approach. The synergetic effect is achieved by combining member states' own national innovation strategies and participating in supranational, pan-European innovation programs.

The evolution of economic systems: The dialectics of regress

Subject. We herein examine, sort out and integrate economic knowledge to analyze systemic contradictions, which constitute necessary and sufficient conditions for the evolution of macrosystems. In this research, we draw upon the cognitive potential of the dialectical systemic-historical approach. Objectives. We examine the gradual transformation of complex subjects with weak structure and the qualitative representation of the regress dialectics in terms of the logic of the evolution of economic systems. Methods. The study draws upon the cognitive potential of the dialectical method, the method of ascending from the abstract to the concrete, with some elements of the formation approach added, which helped definitely determine and capture systemic traits and principles of the regress dialectics of old systems, and their possible development trajectories. Results. The article sets forth systemic contradictions, qualities and traits of the regress dialectics, referring to the evolutionary phases of economic systems. To display the regress dialectics properly, we formulated respective principles for studying mutated forms, demonstrating the inevitability of their self-reproduction, and revealing the real, though concealed, substance. Conclusions. The article sorts out key conclusions. The findings may underlie the scientific basis for comprehending the evolution of complex subjects with weak structure and macrosystems.

Income Composition Inequality

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it introduces a novel inequality concept called income composition inequality, which describes how the composition of income in two sources, such as capital and labor income, varies across the income distribution. Second, it constructs an indicator for its measurement. This paper argues that the study of income composition inequality allows for: (i) a novel political economy analysis of the evolution of economic systems; and (ii) the technical assessment of the relationship between the functional and personal distributions of income. Following an empirical application, this paper discusses possible avenues for future research on the matter, ranging from development issues to public finance.

What behaviour in economic games tells us about the evolution of non-human species' economic decision-making behaviour.

In the past decade, there has been a surge of interest in using games derived from experimental economics to test decision-making behaviour across species. In most cases, researchers are using the games as a tool, for instance, to understand what factors influence decision-making, how decision-making differs across species or contexts, or to ask broader questions about species' propensities to cooperate or compete. These games have been quite successful in this regard. To what degree, however, do these games tap into species' economic decision-making? For the purpose of understanding the evolution of economic systems in humans, this is the key question. To study this, we can break economic decision-making down into smaller components, each of which is a potential step in the evolution of human economic behaviour. We can then use data from economic games, which are simplified, highly structured models of decision-making and therefore ideal for the comparative approach, to directly compare these components across species and contexts, as well as in relation to more naturalistic behaviours, to better understand the evolution of economic behaviour and the social and ecological contexts that influenced it. The comparative approach has successfully informed us about the evolution of other complex traits, such as language and morality, and should help us more deeply understand why and how human economic systems evolved. This article is part of the theme issue 'Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates'.

Karaganov V. S. Leontief – is there a misunderstanding of Leontief’s model?

Relevance of research topic: Cross-sectoral balance is a tool with unique qualities for analyzing and designing economic development. The evolution of economic systems also affects the very balance and attitude of researchers to it. Formulation of the problem: For this reason, the opinion of one of the famous economists – Prof. Karaganov regarding the basic assumptions of Leontief's model is of interest. These are the baseline indicators examined with the model whose nature is not subject to change. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the inconsistency of criticism of Leontief's cross-sectoral balance model by Professor Sergei Karaganov. Method or methodology for conducting research. Scientific literature analysis method and the method of comparison were used. Presentation of the main material (results of work). At the very beginning of the article by Prof. Karaganov an incorrect presentation of the structure of the model of Leontief is made. The balance of inter-branch connections simultaneously reflects each of the branches in a dual role – a producer of production and a supplier of own manufactured products for other industries to meet their production needs. Prof. Karaganov demonstrates a clear lack of knowledge of the balance of cross-sectoral links (input-output model) by misrepresenting each of the branches of a national economic system. According to him, the branches of the national economy are divided into producing and consuming industries. It is beyond the view of Prof. Karaganov that in the balance of inter-sectoral links, the industries are not divided into producing and consuming products. At each point in time, each industry is represented both in its role as a producer of production and in its role as a recipient of production from other industries in connection with the production of its own production. Conclusions according to the article. At present, Leontiev's model is used solely from its analytical capabilities. And the main reason for this is the presence of many methodological and informational problems. But it is particularly important to make it clear that these problems, existing outside and independently of the model, do not make the model itself wrong or inadequate to use. The circumstances presented by Prof. Sergey Karaganov are just some of the examples of misunderstanding the capabilities of the model, leading it to impute problems that do not actually exist.

Total factor logistics productivity: A spatial approach to the Italian regions

Abstract The evolution of economic systems has produced a new vision of the spatial and localization models in which transport and logistics are deemed to play a major role in generating value to economic areas. Different methods of parametric and nonparametric analysis are applied to deal with the issue of the efficiency and competitiveness of territories. Using an original dataset, we set out to estimate productivity differentials between companies or industries located in different Italian regions. Unlike previous works aimed at investigating logistics productivity, this paper focuses on the main variables affecting Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in the transport and logistics sectors. The findings of this study contribute to filling the gap in transport related literature on the issue of ‘Total Factor Regional Logistics Productivity’ (TFRLP), identifying the most important elements able to improve the TFP level using an econometric estimate. In a second step, we carry out a comparison among the different Italian regions with a view to testing the relationship between the logistics and economic activities of a territory. The results of this latter analysis show that, in the different Italian regions, the logistics sector is characterised by a high resilience capacity, so innovation in the logistics industry is a strong element in driving regional exports.

On growth regimes, structural change and input coefficients

The Input-Output model assumes that the technical coefficient matrix changes as an economic system develops, following either of two tendencies; one, the entries of the matrix shrink, due to increased efficiency on the production lines; two, they expand, while productivity gains concentrate in the use of factors. Further, the economic structure grows more complex, as industries become more tightly (vertically) integrated and the development process evolves. Both phenomena have seldom been analysed together, despite the apparent connections they may have with the evolution of economic structures and the development opportunities countries may face. This paper intends to examine the implications of these tendencies for the evolution of economic systems in regards to the dynamics the growth process may adopt. Two indicators are presented here useful to characterise such dynamics, later tested on the Mexican IO data.

The global stability of the Schumpeterian dynamical system

In this article, we present the studies that develop Schumpeter’s theory of endogenous evolution of economic systems. An approach to modeling the limitation of economic growth due to the limitation of markets, resource bases and other factors is proposed. For this purpose, the concept of economic niche volume is introduced. The global stability of the equilibrium of the dynamical system with the Jacobi matrix having, at the equilibrium, all eigenvalues equal to zero, except one being negative, is proved. The proposed model makes it possible to evaluate and predict the dynamics of the development of firms in the economic sector.

Research on the law of spatial fractional calculus diffusion equation in the evolution of chaotic economic system

Abstract The development and evolution of economic system is the important support for economic analyses and researches. The application of nonlinear science, which is represented by chaos theory and has undergone major changes, makes people understand the ideological pivots and theoretical perspectives of the economic system that also includes the recognition of industrial economic system evolution. As a mathematical tool, fractional calculus has gradually penetrated into the economic field from the purely mathematical category. Based on the shift Chebyshev-tau idea, this paper solved a series of fractional diffusion equations with boundary conditions; using the tau method, the chaotic economic evolution is transformed into an algebraic equation system, and the equation’s approximate solution is obtained by combining these boundary conditions. On the basis of discovering chaotic characteristics in economic system evolution, the law of economic development and evolution is recognized by applying the perspective analysis of chaos theory. The results show that the spatial fractional calculus diffusion equation can effectively reveal the essence of economic system evolution and provide a new reference for the analysis mode of economic theories.

Studying the dynamics of nonlinear interaction between enterprise populations

The article highlights the results of a study of the dynamic evolutionary processes of trophic relations between populations of enterprises. A model based on differential equations is constructed, which describes the economic system and takes into account the dynamics of the specific income of competing populations of enterprises in relations of protocooperation, nonlinearity of growth and competition. This model can be used to analyze the dynamics of transient processes in various life cycle scenarios and predict the synergistic effect of mergers and acquisitions. A bifurcation analysis of possible scenarios of dynamic modes of merger and acquisition processes using the neural network system of pattern recognition was carried out. To this end, a Kohonen self-organizing map has been constructed, which recognizes phase portraits of bifurcation diagrams of enterprises life cycle into five separate classes in accordance with the scenarios of their development. As a result of the experimental study, characteristic modes of the evolution of economic systems were revealed, and also conclusions were made on the mechanisms of influence of the external environment and internal structure on the regime of evolution of populations of enterprises.

System gospodarczy Polski w latach 1918-2018

Purpose – The aim of this article is to present the evolution of Poland's economic system over the last hundred years, from regaining the independency in 1918 to the present day, and to try to capture its specific features and show the systemic differences between Poland and other countries. Research methods – Various research methods were used, including: critical analysis of the literature, historical analysis, comparative analysis of the economic systems in Poland in the last one hundred years, as well as the economic system of Poland and other countries during this period. Description of research – The subject of consideration is the economic system in the macro scale (national economic system). In addition, we are interested in the economic system in the narrow sense – the regulatory sphere of the economy. It has a direct impact on the country's economic performance, and thus, on the real sphere. The study focuses on the ownership and the mechanism for coordinating economic decisions (with particular emphasis on the role of the market and the state) as the two main determinants of the economic system. Finding – The last hundred years of Poland were also turbulent in terms of changes in the economic system. Poland has gone through two megasystems: capitalism and socialism. From capitalism to socialism and back to capitalism. During these radical changes we were dealing with the evolution of the economic system, both within the framework of the market economy system and the centrally planned economy system. In addition, the economic system of Poland in particular subperiods had specific features and differed from the economic system of other countries functioning in these two megasystems. This was due to the specific socio-cultural factors in Poland, as well as to the specific historical situation in which our country existed.

Problems of regulating financial markets as part of the green economy

The development of economic processes in the contemporary world requires symmetrical efforts to guarantee the stability of markets as a whole and financial market in particular in the green economy. The development of financial markets happens depending on the evolution of economic systems and vice versa. In this connection, the issues of the adequate evolution of financial supervision become very urgent. The article considers the activity of the mega-regulator in Russia in the context of the world experience of active financial policy and regulation of financial markets in the green economy. The conceptual vision of the development of the mega-regulation of financial markets as immanent institute in the socio-economic system is stated.