Evolution Of E-government Research Articles

Aspects of E-Government Interoperation: Case Study Research for Discovery Beyond Interoperability as Layered Capability

How different public agencies and their digital artifacts work together (often labeled as interoperability) is considered to be an important area for a successful evolution of e-government. Key knowledge in this area is the structuring into four different layers of interoperability: legal, organizational, semantic, and technical interoperability. This paper challenges this received view of digital interoperation. It does so through an in-depth qualitative case study on the management of digital medical certificates and an inductive and abductive data analysis. Twelve aspects of digital interoperation have emerged through this study. The aspects have been divided into two categories: intrinsic (aspects that directly relate to the digital transfer of information) and extrinsic (aspects that shape different parts of digital interoperation from the outside). Six intrinsic aspects have been identified (relational, performative, semantic, informational, architectural, and technical). These intrinsic categories also have roles as extrinsic. Besides these, there are six more extrinsic aspects (normative, regulative, economic, cognitive, interactive, and temporal). Based on empirical insights and theorizing, the paper argues for a broadening of interoperability as not only the capability to interoperate. A broader notion comprises a mix of organizational, human, and digital pre-conditions for interoperation.

Tracing the Evolution of E-Government: A Visual Bibliometric Analysis from 2000 to 2023

In the continuously evolving field of E-government, understanding the breadth and depth of academic research is crucial for advancing governmental digital transformation and policy development. This study employs visual bibliometric analysis, using the Web of Science database to map the evolution trajectory of E-government research from 2000 to 2023. By utilizing CiteSpace for a comprehensive examination of 4536 academic articles, this paper outlines the growth patterns and thematic evolution within the field. The development of the E-government field is delineated into four distinct phases: the budding period (2000–2003), the bottleneck period (2004–2014), the development period (2015–2018), and the growth period (2019–2023), which are each marked by unique thematic shifts and technological advancements. The research results reveal the transformation of research focus in different periods, from the initial focus on the technological means and the electronic transformation of government services, moving on to more complex issues such as E-government acceptance and government transparency and corruption, and ultimately to the current focus on innovation and smart cities. In addition, the paper also clarifies that the research boom that began in 2019 is driven by technological innovation opportunities, the improvement in infrastructure, and multidisciplinary research. By depicting these developmental stages and emerging trends, this study not only unveils past academic efforts but also forecasts future research directions, thereby providing valuable insights for researchers and policymakers aiming to understand and implement effective E-government strategies.

Digital Transformation in Politics and Governance in Indonesia: Opportunities and Challenges in the Era of Technological Disruption

Digital transformation has become a major driver of change in politics and governance in Indonesia. This study aims to examine the opportunities and challenges faced in the process of digitalizing the public sector in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach with case studies and literature analysis, the research identifies several key aspects, including increased political participation through social media platforms, the evolution of e-governance, and the implications of cybersecurity and data privacy. The units of analysis include policies and practices of digitalization in the public sector. The study population consists of government agencies, active politicians on social media, and citizens participating in digital politics. A purposive sampling technique was used to select key government agencies, influential politicians on social media, and digitally active citizens. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and document analysis and analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The findings indicate that digital technology creates new opportunities to enhance transparency, efficiency, and public participation in Indonesian governance. However, challenges such as the digital divide, cybersecurity threats, and data privacy protection remain. The results highlight the importance of adaptive policies and robust regulatory frameworks to maximize the benefits of digital transformation while addressing existing challenges.

E-Government 3.0: An AI Model to Use for Enhanced Local Democracies

While e-government (referring here to the first generation of e-government) was just the simple manner of delivering public services via electronic means, e-gov 2.0 refers to the use of social media and Web 2.0 technologies in government operations and public service delivery. However, the use of the term ‘e-government 2.0’ is becoming less common as the focus shifts towards broader digital transformation initiatives that may include AI technologies, among others, such as blockchain, virtual reality, and augmented reality. In this study, we present the relatively new concept of e-government 3.0, which is built upon the principles of e-government 2.0 but refers to the use of emerging technologies (e.g., artificial intelligence) to transform the delivery of public services and improve governance. The study objective is to explore the potential of e-government 3.0 to enhance citizen participation, improve public service delivery, and increase responsiveness and compliance of administrative systems in relation to citizens by integrating emerging technologies into government operations using as a background the evolution of e-government over time. The paper analyzes the challenges faced by municipalities in responding to citizen petitions, which are a core application of local democracies. The author starts by presenting an example of an e-petition system (as in use today) and analyses anonymized data of a text corpus of petitions directed to one of the Romania municipalities. He will propose an AI model able to deal faster and more accurately with the increased number of inputs, trying to promote it to municipalities who, for some reason, are still reluctant to implement AI in their operations. The conclusions will suggest that it may be more effective to focus on improving new algorithms rather than solely on ‘old’ technologies.

Концептуально-аналитические подходы к возникновению потенциальных угроз в цифровой экономике

The study’s relevance is determined by the significant impact that digitalization has on the economic and social activities of modern states, which engenders new risks and threats to the functioning of va­rious systems and institutions. Based on the evolutionary-institutional analysis and systems analysis methods, the study identifies the threats of digitalization and the associated macroeconomic risks and describes the current approaches to digital risk management. The evolution in the understanding of risk and contemporary approaches to risk assessment is traced in relation to business, social, economic, investment, military, and political threats. Among the critical risks of digitalization, an important place is occupied by cyber risks, which are part of the strategic risks of enterprises, credit risks and regulatory risks. These risks affect markets and create a systemic risk stemming from the possible damage to elements of the infrastructure and market. Technology-driven risks have a systemic character as they may affect more than one country, economic sector, as well as a wide range of natural, technological, and social systems. The study offers an analysis of digitalization risk assessment methods (STRIDE, CIA, OCTAVE) and provides an overview of the qualitative and quantitative methods used to assess digital threats. Modern approaches to cyber risk management include modeling threats and vulnerabilities. These methods may prove especially useful to identify, classify and prioritize threats and to develop selective risk reduction measures. The concepts of FinTech and Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) are discussed in relation to the associated risks to the stability of national and international financial systems. The study also considers the concept of e-government, the stages of the evolution of e-government characterized by different risks to systems of public administration.

Blockchain for Governments: The Case of the Dubai Government

Blockchain technology is an innovative technology with the potential of transforming cities by augmenting the building of resilient societies and enabling the emergence of more transparent and accountable governments. To understand the capabilities of blockchain, as well as its impact on the public sector, this study conducted a review of blockchain technology and its implementations by various governments around the globe. E-government evolution is analyzed, based on empirical evidence from a Dubai government entity in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which has utilized blockchain technology for developing end-user services, relevant to the public sector. Benefits achieved and challenges to overcome in such blockchain-based pilot deployments are discussed. The findings of this study offer new insights for practitioners involved in bringing in innovations for the benefit of society, using blockchain technology. Furthermore, it provides insights into policy actions to be developed to address the future challenges and to improve already existing e-government policies. The results of this research will benefit all blockchain-based pilot deployments by providing guidance and knowledge on this immature yet developing technology.

Influence of the economic gap on the level of e-Government in the developing countries – Republic of Moldova

The digital divide of developing countries vis-à-vis developed countries is also reflected in the level of e-Government development. Developing countries face the challenges of e-Government with fewer capacities and resources but also strong incentives for growth prospects.
 Developing e-Government as a complex phenomenon involves multidisciplinary efforts: the development of electronic communications infrastructures and data infrastructures, the transformation of internal business-processes of governance, increased democracy and education, as well as a sustained economic level, etc.
 The research analyzes the level of e-Government development in the Republic of Moldova in a regional context of a group of developing countries in an attempt to find particularities and similarities in the evolution of e-Governance in this space and to identify the development potential and opportunities and to overcome the gap in this area.
 The study also addresses the prospect of alignment with European standards on e-government development, especially with regard to the single digital market, the European Interoperability Framework and others, as levers and drivers for increasing the socio-economic level of the Republic of Moldova, and building an open, participative and performing government.

Exploring the stages of E-government development from public value perspective

A variety of studies have put forward heterogeneous stage models of e-government development since 2000. However, there is lack of research on a general framework of the stages of e-government development and further theoretical foundations for the stages of e-government development seldom are discussed. Therefore, this study focuses on providing a general framework of the stages of e-government development from public value perspective. First, this study conceptualizes public value evolution from public management paradigms. Specifically, the evolution of three kinds of public value, that is, transparency, efficiency, and engagement, is identified from public management paradigms. Second, a general framework of three stages of e-government development is proposed to investigate e-government evolution approach, which consistes of information stage, transaction stage, and engagement stage. Every stage of e-government development aims at providing different focus of public value. Third, a case study is provided to demonstrate the feasibility of the three-stage-model of e-government development. Eventually, the practical implications of this model of e-government development are analyzed accordingly.

INFLUENCE OF THE ECONOMIC GAP ON THE LEVEL OF E-GOVERNMENT IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES – REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

The digital divide of developing countries vis-à-vis developed countries is also reflected in the level of e-Government development. Developing countries face the challenges of e-Government with reduced capacities and resources but also strong incentives for growth prospects. Developing e-Government as a complex phenomenon involves multidisciplinary efforts: the development of electronic communications infrastructures and data infrastructures, the transformation of internal business processes of government, increased democracy, education, as well as a sustained economic level, and so on. The research analyses the level of e- Government development in the Republic of Moldova in a regional context of a group of developing countries. It is an attempt to find particularities and similarities in the evolution of e-Government in this space and to identify the development potential and opportunities and to overcome the gap in this area. The study also addresses the prospect of alignment with European standards on e- Government development, especially with regard to the single digital market, the European Interoperability Framework and others, as levers and drivers for increasing the socio-economic level of Moldova, and building an open, participative and performing government.

Evaluasi Tingkat Kematangan e-Government Pada Partisipasi Masyarakat dan Pelayanan Publik Menerapkan Framework Gartner

E-government as part of internet products has become a topic of discussion in internet and mass media discussions and is popular after being linked to the regional autonomy policy of districts / cities in Indonesia. However, there are still many government information systems that are developed and implemented that do not function optimally at both the regional and central government levels. Measuring the level of E-government maturity is needed to determine the extent to which the successful application of E-government is. The purpose of the E-government maturity assessment is to provide basic data, advanced data, and all that is necessary for the development of an E-government strategy. Gartner is one of the models used to measure the maturity level of e-government. Gartner's model suggests four critical phases of the evolution of e-government, namely: web presence, interaction, transactions, and transformation. The gartner model is used to measure the maturity level in Sukoharjo district. The research methodology used a questionnaire and the calculation used the average score for each dimension. To determine the relationship between dimensions and criteria, the PLS (Partial Least Square) method is used. Research has proven that the maturity level of E-government is 4.06 (predictable process). The dimensions of transformation and usability affect community participation using e-government in Sukoharjo district.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОННОГО ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВА В ГРЕЦИИ ПОСРЕДСТВОМ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ЛУЧШИХ ПРАКТИК И ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ

This paper presents the implementation and evolution of e-governance in Greece as well as offering insights, policies and suggestions for the design of e-government benchmarks. The research objectives of this article are to identify the appraisal of Greece in e-government over time and in relation to other countries as well as the role of internal audit and transparency related to digital public services. The method adopted is through an extensive bibliographic review of the Greek, European and international literature of the thematic field of e-government as well as the presentation of several frameworks to structure the discussion of e-government benchmark design based on a benchmarking with key indicators of published surveys from internationally reputable organizations. The findings of this paper are that Greece proceeded at a very slow pace in its digital transformation, shows shortcomings in e-government policies, records delays in adapting the services requested by citizens, and no matter the lack of investment in technological infrastructure, the effectiveness of e-governance presupposes proactiveness. Nevertheless, another key conclusion of the research is that Greece is far from the average performance of e-government in the European Union due to its chronic economic problems, the lack of technological equipment and the lack of overall orientation in e-government. Furthermore, this paper can be a measure of comparison for other countries that have similar characteristics to Greece in order to improve e-governance.

Evaluation of e-Government Web Portals: The Case of Agricultural e-Government Services in Greece

The evaluation of users’ satisfaction from the available e-Government services is a very important factor for the e-Government evolution. In this research, the MUlticriteria Satisfaction Analysis (MUSA) method and the related software is used in order to evaluate the users’ satisfaction of agricultural e-Government services. For this reason, we used the results of a survey conducted for an agricultural e-Government web portal in Greece. Five main criteria and the thirty-one sub-criteria were used in order to calculate the global and partial users’ satisfaction. From the results, the strong and the weak points of the agricultural e-Government services and the specific usability attributes that are more crucial for the users’ satisfaction were determined. The results of the questionnaire revealed that the average level of the users’ satisfaction is high but there are still actions to be taken in order to improve the provided agricultural e-Government services. Furthermore, the users of agricultural e-Government services attributed great importance to the criteria of interaction and accessibility. The MUSA method highlights the actions that have to be taken using action and improvement diagrams.

Інформаційні механізми забезпечення гуманітарної безпеки органами пуб­лічної влади: зарубіжний та вітчизняний досвід

The article is dedicated to the foreign and domestic practice of using the latest information technologies in the process of ensuring humanitarian security by public authorities. According to the author one of the most pressing problems of public administration in modern Ukraine is the issue of creation, support and continuous modernization of the process of digitization of public services in the interests of the person while simultaneously ensuring the security of the person and his personal data as well as the realization of his vital interests. The relevance of the chosen topic of the article is due to the fact that the concept of state power based on the digitization of public services for the effective implementation of their interests has emerged in developed countries and is of interest to Ukrainian analysts and practitioners.The article describes the importance of the latest information technologies for the implementation of e-Government and the advantages of their application in modern public-management practice in comparison with the traditional mechanisms of public administration. The article states that in many countries of the world e-government has originated and evolved in different ways but there is a certain pattern in the way of considering the emergence and evolution of e-government. The article describes the essence of the three stages of the emergence and development of e-governance:Stage 1 - the informational presence of government authorities on the Internet at a basic level - is the creation of separate websites of government agencies, but their quality was still not high: the websites were rarely updated, had no feedback, and the information was fragmented and unstructured.Stage 2 - the stage of interaction with more feedback via e-mail, forums and other means of communication as well as with developing databases for processing citizens' requests. Replenishment of sites with new information is becoming more regular. Thus the involvement of citizens and businesses in interaction with government bodies is gradually beginning.Stage 3 - transactional interaction when it becomes possible to communicate directly in real time as well as the ability to carry out monetary transactions (for example, pay bills or state fees) using payment cards. There is the possibility of creating a personal account and passing the appropriate authentication.The article also describes the American, European, Eastern and Ukrainian models of the process of digitalization of public administration. Thus the European model has an emphasis on the unity of the nation and therefore it is characterized by the standardization of all processes, orientation on the citizen, his protection and powerful legal regulation of relations in the field of IT. In particular, it is common for the European model of electronic governance to pay great attention to the integration of the European community and the protection of the personal interests of the person. The EU considers investments in IT as investments primarily in society and so in preserving the heritage of Europe.Anglo-American, or Western model is common respectively in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. This model is characterized by the exclusion of excessive state functions, focus on high efficiency, a high level of opportunities for financial transactions via the Internet and a general consideration of a citizen not as an equal partner but as a customer to be serviced that is a service approach is used. In general, the Anglo-American model is based on respect and attentiveness to citizens, the elimination of duplicate or excessive functions and efficiency as well as providing the ability to carry out the maximum number of monetary transactions related to obtaining public services via the Internet.The Eastern or Asian e-government model is based on the Asian type of multi-level hierarchy of the management system. The Ukrainian model of digitalisation of the process of public administration is at the stage of its formation.The author concludes that Ukraine is still in the first stage of the deployment public administration digitalization but in terms of technological progress we already have the prerequisites for moving to the second stage, however the public sector is always slightly behind the private sector in adopting and implementing innovations.

Using the security triad to assess blockchain technology in public sector applications

This conceptual paper explores the impact of blockchain technology on public sector processes through the lens of information security. It includes an overview of the evolution of e-government, a synopsis of existing applications of blockchain technology, and innovative blockchain developments. We utilize the Confidentiality-Integrity-Accessibility (CIA) triad to guide our discussion of the security, governance, and regulatory implications of this technology. Leveraging the CIA triad model, we provide context for public managers who may consider blockchain technologies, and we highlight certain advantages arising from the “non-reputability” of distributed ledgers.In particular, we highlight the advantages of blockchain technologies with regards to non-reputability to help public managers understand how to best leverage blockchain technology to transform operations.

Incentives for the Adoption of E-Government by Greek Municipalities

Purpose: The research aims to identify the incentives that play an important role in the evolution of e-government in Greece at local scale and its actual development level. It also investigates the factors and the perceived barriers that affect the development of local e-government in Greek Municipalities, as well as the benefits they derive from it. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research is based on a survey that was conducted through a questionnaire to all 325 Municipalities of the country and includes data from 109 Municipalities that participated in the quantitative approach. Findings: While e-government is spread at a relatively satisfactory level, it appears that only a few Municipalities are performing well. Results highlight also the two main incentives that motivate Municipalities to adopt e-government: The first is the improvement of the efficiency of information exchange with the external environment and the second is managing internal issues-relationships in conjunction with the existence of prominent IT departments. Amongst the main factors that affect e-government adoption by Local authorities, budgetary constraints stand out, while the lack of personnel specialized in Information Technologies is identified as common obstacle. Practical Implications: Findings suggest that an integrated approach to e-government is needed in order to enable organizations to minimize failures and to overcome barriers and counter risks. The capacity to align e-government applications with the increasing and evolving needs and requirements of the citizens is the key to optimizing the benefits of e-Government at local scale. Originality/Value: There is no similar empirical research in the context of Greece; hence, it seems important to increase the knowledge about the drivers of e-government adoption, especially in the public sector at the local scale.

Best Practices of the Social Innovations in the Framework of the E-Government Evolution

Best Practices of the Social Innovations in the Framework of the E-Government Evolution

Best Practices of the Social Innovations in the Framework of the E-Government Evolution

The social innovations have been together with the advanced technology in the 21st century, taking an essential role in social structures and their informatization processes. Information technology has become an indispensable factor not only in industry and service businesses, but also in governing systems at the micro (cities and regions) and macro (state and nations) levels. The information processes, which includes automation, have in the last few years an important impact on the transformation from “classical” governance into the “smart governance”. In the paper are presented the best practices which show how could social innovations, together with the advanced technology also lead to the several democratic changes in the urban environment. It can be concluded that it will in many ways reorganize public decision – makings, create changes in democratic processes that are in accordance with socioeconomic and technological development, and will represent the basis for the emergence of the so-called the smartest social community and the ensuing novel processes of organization and operation.

Skipping Ahead to the Good Part: The Role of Civic Technology in Achieving the Promise of E-Government

E-government evolution has been described as a government’s internal process of digital development, which eventually transforms its ability to respond to the public. As time goes by and these promised benefits have yet to fully materialize, civic technology—online tools that aim to achieve improved online interaction between governments and the public—is sometimes placed in the gap. This study provides findings from 38 interviews across five US municipal civic technology implementations, answering the question of whether US cities which have adopted civic technology tools enjoy improved two-way interactions between governments and the public, and also whether an “interaction-first” approach to government digitization appears to spur additional e-government development. By selecting five very different tool implementations, the research design employs Mill’s Method of Difference to isolate commonalities springing simply from a municipality’s implementation of a civic technology tool. Interviews reveal a range of common effects beyond the simple improvement of the service-delivery experience.

The Vital of Cyber Network in the Electronic Governance

This study speaks or illustrates the importance of transition to electronic government. In order to upgrade to the best ways to accomplish many tasks for citizens and between other institutions and how to interact between them. Many developed countries implements the electronic government system and have benefited from the development in the field of information and communications technology. This study is also about communication types, especially fiber optical cable, which is currently the backbone of the process of linking between institutions. And the importance of converting all institutions to link fiber optic cable used in many areas such as technical construction, power plants, railways and other uses. In 2015, the Ministry of Planning carried out a survey of all Iraqi state institutions on the preparation of the state to switch to the E-Government in cooperation with the Ministry of Science and Technology. The survey included all the ministries of the state and non-affiliated bodies as well as the provincial councils, Where work was done in two phases:- Phase 1: All the major formations of ministries and entities not connected to a ministry that have financial and administrative independence were covered. The results of the survey showed that the total number of the formations is 574. Phase 2: The selection of the profiles that have better than the readiness of the shift towards the electronic ministry in accordance with the criterion of availability of electronic services and the number of 131 formations. The objectives of this survey are to build a statistical database that includes the extent of the use of information and communication technology in the institutions, in addition to the changing of all citizens’ services to electronic services, which privacy and security of citizen information. With the development of future plans to improve the performance and development of the use of electronic governance. Through the results obtained, ability of the state’s institution to shift to electronic governance has been assessed as Poor in the application of E-Governance. The main criterion for measuring the evolution of E-Governance is the interaction between citizens and government institutions, and that services provided by institutions to the citizen are partial services.

Evolution of e-government: Transparency, competency, and service-oriented government with Korean government 3.0

Evolution of e-government: Transparency, competency, and service-oriented government with Korean government 3.0