Evolution Of Chromatography Research Articles

Ultrahigh‐pressure liquid chromatography using a 1‐mm id column packed with 1.5‐μm porous particles

The evolution of chromatography has led to the reduction in the size of the packing materials used to fabricate HPLC columns. The increase in the backpressure required has led to this technique being referred to as ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) when the column backpressure exceeds 10000 psi (approximately 700 bar). Until recently, columns packed with sub-2-microm materials have generally fitted into two classes; either short (less than 5 cm) columns designed for use on traditional HPLC systems at pressures less than 5000 psi (350 bar), or capillary columns (inner diameters less than 100 microm). By using packing materials with diameters <2 microm to fabricate UHPLC columns, there is an increase in efficiency and a decrease in the analysis time that are directly proportional to the size of the packing material. In order to realize and exploit the increase in efficiency, however, the columns must maintain lengths typically associated with analytical columns (15-25 cm). We have packed 1 mm diameter, 150 mm in length columns with 1.5 microm packing material, and evaluated their performance in UHPLC. The pressure required to achieve optimum linear velocities in plots of plate height versus linear velocity was in the vicinity of 1104 bar (16000 psi). The 1.5 microm particle-packed column was compared with the more traditional 150 mm long analytical columns packed with 3 microm materials. This column showed an efficiency that was approximately twice that observed with the 3 microm packed column and a concomitant reduction in the analysis time, theoretically predicted.

Chromatography: The separation technique of the 20th century

M. S. Tswett contemplated the possibility of “chromatography” in 1899–1901 while carrying out his first research work on the physico-chemical structure of plant chlorophylls, and he reported “on a new category of adsorption analysis” in 1903. The evolution of chromatography followed the advances of this century: each decade brought new innovations based logically from the previous one. By the end of the 20th Century chromatography has became the most widely used separation technique in chemistry and biochemistry: thus, it is no exaggeration to call it the separation technique of the 20th Century. This paper investigates the evolution of the various branches of chromatography.

Chromatographic Data Systems: A Critical Review

Abstract A. Perspective and Goal This review article spans over 30 years of chromatography advancement and development. Coincident with the evolution of chromatography was that of laboratory data automation. The first commercial gas chromatograph appeared in 1955,1 whereas the first commercial digital integrator appeared in 1961.2 Several data systems emerged in the late 1960s3–6 that led to the arrival of the first commercial computer-based electronic integrator in 1972.7 Two major advancements were most influential to the development of data automation; initially there was the development of solid-state operational amplifiers that led to analog peak integrators. Prior to this time, manual peak integration methods were used. Then the advancement of integrated circuits allowed digital logic to be introduced. Today, all commercial and noncommercial laboratory integrators are sophisticated computer-based systems. This article generally follows this chronological development.

The continuous evolution of chromatography

The continuous evolution of chromatography