Evoked Responses Research Articles

Gender Difference in Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response among the Headphone Users

About 5.6 billion people use mobile phones worldwide. India ranks second position with about 885 millionusers. Apart from its function of making calls, listening to music has become one of the popular functions,the sound delivered via headphones at high intensities. The purpose was to assess the possible deleteriouseffects of headphone usage on Brain stem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) in both genders. The studyinvolved the recording of BERA using 30 volunteers between the age group of 18-21 years. They were dividedinto 2 groups. Group 1: Headphone users 3hrs/day. Both the groupscomprised both genders. Data were compared by unpaired Student’s t test and one-way ANOVA. There wasno significant difference in peak latencies of waves I to V and inter-peak latencies between genders on rightand left ear of headphone users, except wave V (p<0.01)on the left ear of headphone users with latencybeing more in males than in females. We conclude from the observation that prolonged headphone usagehas a negative influence on brain stem auditory evoked potentials and there was no remarkable differencebetween the genders.

An enhanced frequency dependent subtraction algorithm for removal of cardiac interference from fMEG by using minimum norm projection operator

BackgroundA frequency dependent subtraction method, SUBTR, is developed to remove maternal and fetal magnetocardiography (mMCG and fMCG) interference from fetal magnetoencephalography (fMEG). But channels close to fetal head cannot be used as references for SUBTR in order to protect fMEG from subtraction and this results in cardiac residual when these channels have important fMCG frequency components. Cardiac residual creates noise in evoked response (ER) which results in poor ER detection. New methodWe developed an enhanced SUBTR algorithm, which we call SUBTR with minimum norm projection operator (SUBTRwMNPO), by employing covariance based minimum norm projection operators (MNPO). mMCG and fMCG signals are extracted from the raw data using MNPO and they are subtracted in the frequency domain from raw data to extract fetal Evoked Response (fER). ResultsWhen tested on 87 datasets, SUBTRwMNPO is shown to attenuate cardiac interference almost totally resulting in a clean fER signal. Comparison with existing methodsCardiac attenuation with SUBTRwMNPO is either as good as or better than SUBTR. SUBTRwMNPO has higher attenuation rate for the datasets where SUBTR leaves cardiac residual. ConclusionsSUBTRwMNPO is successful in removing cardiac interference regardless of the orientation of fMCG and fMEG signal spaces. It can also be used to remove cardiac interference when there is no prior knowledge of fetal head location.

Study of brainstem evoked response audiometry in medical students having long time mobile usage

Background: Mobile phones are undoubtedly one of the most revolutionizing inventions of the 21st century and are indispensable communication tools. Concomitantly, there has also been a potential increase in the health risks associated with prolonged mobile phone usage. Electromagnetic radiations emitted from telecommunication systems absorbed by the recipient's body may bring about changes in the brain electrical activity. Brainstem evoked response audiometry allows quantifying the activity of auditory pathway, and hence, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the auditory evoked potentials in the MBBS students who have been long-term mobile users. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using Evoked Potential Recorder (RMS EMGEP MARK-II) in the Neurophysiology unit, Department of Physiology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences. This was an observational noninterventional study design incorporating a total of 50 MBBS students, from institutional campus using mobile phones for >1 year. 25 students who used mobile phones for 30 min/day formed the test group. Results: The mean age among the test group was 17.5 ± 1.4 years and among controls was 16.2 ± 2.0 years. The average latency (both the right and left ear) of waves I–V and interpeak latencies (IPLs) I–III, III–V, and I–V waves were found to be prolonged (P > 0.001) in the test group when compared to controls. The mean latencies of the left ear were significantly (P

Change in Evoked Response of Mature Neuronal Network to Spatial Pattern Stimulation by Immature Neurons.

Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus is known to enhance pattern separation. However, the effect of adult neurogenesis on spatial pattern separation at the cellular assembly level is unclear. In order to elucidate how newborn and immature neurons change learning of spatial pattern of mature neuronal network, we evaluated evoked response to two types of spatial patterns of the cultured hippocampal network with or without added neural stem cells by using electrical stimulation on microelectrode array. Results show that the existence of newborn and immature neurons changed evoked response of mature neuronal network to both trained and untrained patterns, suggesting that the presence of immature neurons may contribute to production of the change that mature neuronal network enhances LTP and excitation to stimuli.

Data Acquisition and Analysis In Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry In Mice.

Brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) is of central relevance in the clinical neurophysiology. As other evoked potential (EP) techniques, such as visually evoked potentials (VEPs) or somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), the auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) are triggered by the repetitive presentation of identical stimuli, the electroencephalographic (EEG) response of which is subsequently averaged resulting in distinct positive (p) and negative (n) deflections. In humans, both the amplitude and the latency of individual peaks can be used to characterize alterations in synchronization and conduction velocity in the underlying neuronal circuitries. Importantly, AEPs are also applied in basic and preclinical science to identify and characterize the auditory function in pharmacological and genetic animal models. Even more, animal models in combination with pharmacological testing are utilized to investigate for potential benefits in the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss (e.g., age- or noise-induced hearing deficits). Here we provide a detailed and integrative description of how to record auditory brainstem-evoked responses (ABRs) in mice using click and tone-burst application. A specific focus of this protocol is on pre-experimental animal housing, anesthesia, ABR recording, ABR filtering processes, automated wavelet-based amplitude growth function analysis, and latency detection.

Data Acquisition and Analysis In Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry In Mice

Data Acquisition and Analysis In Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry In Mice

Electrophysiological assessment of auditory transmission by Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry in subclinical hypothyroidism without any clinical hearing loss

Electrophysiological assessment of auditory transmission by Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry in subclinical hypothyroidism without any clinical hearing loss

Normative Data Obtained in Testing the Sense of Hearing in Kangal Shepherd Dogs

Sense of hearing is of crucial importance for dogs to perform their duties. There is no study to determine the reference latency intervals of dogs' sense of hearing. The aim of this study is to identify normative data that can be used as the reference interval for the wave latencies I, III and V at 80 dB with respect to the sense of hearing of Kangal shepherd dogs. The Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response test was applied to 106 Kangal shepherd dogs in Sivas province. The animals have been grouped by age, sex and general. Normative data were identified for the reference latency intervals for each wave of the right and left ears of the groups and statistical differences between the wave latency intervals were also examined. One-Way ANOVA and post-hoc Duncan test were used in the age group comparison and independent samples t-test was used in the comparison of the other groups. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS v.22 software. When the groups are compared, only statistically significant difference was found in the age group at the wave latency V at 80 dB HL. No statistically significance was found in all other groups. The average values of the wave latencies I, III and V were found to be 1.37-2.36-3.65 ms, 1.37-2.35-3.63 ms, 1.38-2.36-3.68 ms, 1.35-2.37-3.79 ms, 1.30-2.26-3.57 ms and 1.41-2.39-3.59, general, female, male, 20 day -9 month, 10-30 month and 31 months and older, respectively. Since normative data on the sense of hearing of Kangal shepherd dogs have been identified for the first time with this study, it is expected to make a significant contribution to the literature. This normative data can be used as reference interval in clinical examinations and future studies on the sense of hearing of Kangal shepherd dogs.

Deafness Risk Estimation Analysis of Native Genetic Resource Kangal Shepherd Dog Breed: Sivas Province Example

Kangal shepherd dogs have excellent sensory organs and perform missions perfectly. For this reason, in many countries of the world, they are preferred for herd guard and as shepherd dog. One of these sensory organs is hearing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the deafness risk estimation analysis of Kangal shepherd dogs breeding in Sivas province of Turkey. The Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response test was applied to 160 Kangal shepherd dogs in Sivas province city center and districts. During the application, the dogs were kept in the present natural environment. The dogs were divided into groups according to their general, gender and age and their responses to frequencies ranging from 20, 40, 60 and 80 decibels (dB) for the right and left ears were investigated. One-Way ANOVA and Duncan multiple comparison test were used in the age group comparison and independent samples t-test was used in the comparison of the other groups. All statistical analysis were performed in the SPSS v.15 software. As a result, the presence of unilateral deafness was detected in 2 dogs in totally. It was also shown that the sense of hearing did not improve in puppies up to 11 days old. Group comparisons were provided statistical significance for right ear in 40 and 60 dB for age groups and right ear in 80 dB for gender groups (P 0.05). This is the first study that deafness estimation was conducted in Kangal shepherd dogs.

Assessment of Wave V Hearing Threshold in Preterm Babies by Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry

Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA), is considered as the most sensitive and specific test of hearing assessment in new-born and is beneficial for early detection of hearing impairment in preterm babies.

Oto-acoustic emissions and brainstem evoked response audiometry in patients of tinnitus with normal hearing.

Tinnitus is defined as the perception of sound that results completely from activity within the nervous system without any corresponding mechanical, vibratory activity within the cochlea, and not related to external stimulation of any kind. It disrupts the daily life of 1 out of every 200 adults. The source of tinnitus generation is not limited to the peripheral auditory system. However, there are abnormalities seen in BERA in tinnitus patients depicting auditory pathway involvement. Oto-acoustic emissions are mechanical vibrations generated in the cochlea, which are evaluated by TEOAE and DPOAE whereas BERA evaluates both cochlea and brainstem auditory pathway for any conduction abnormalities. The aim of the study is to analyze the changes in OAE and BERA in patients suffering from tinnitus with normal hearing, which may help us to understand the patho-physiology of tinnitus. This is a prospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India between 1st December 2015 to 31st July 2017. All patients of tinnitus with normal hearing were included in the study group, whereas Individuals with normal hearing with no other ear complaints were included in control group. Total 160 Ears were evaluated with 80 ears in both study and control group each. Patients with PTA >25dB, age >55 years or any chronic medical illness were excluded from the study. 80 individuals (46 Males and 34 Females) were divided into study and control Group (80 Ears each). Tinnitus was bilateral in 28 subjects (53.84%) and unilateral in 24 subjects (46.16%). Both control and study group showed significant difference in TEOAE and DPOAE study. In TEOAE, 8 (10%) ears in control group and 30 ears (37.5%) in study group showed test result as REFER whereas in DPOAE 10 (12.5%) ears in control group and 35 (43.8%) ears showed test result as REFER. All these result were statistically significant. In BERA the latency of wave I was significantly prolonged in study group as compared to control group, while difference between all other parameters between the two groups was insignificant. There were various significant abnormalities seen in parameters of Oto-Acoustic Emissions (OAE) and Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA). So these tests should be included in the test battery for the screening of patients complaining of tinnitus even with normal hearing.

Somatosensory Evoked Responses Elicited by Haptic Sensations in Midair

The design of human-machine interfaces (HMIs) by virtual haptics is an emerging field of research. So far, the perception of virtual haptic feedback, e.g., generated by focused ultrasound in midair has not been objectively evaluated. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of eliciting somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) with ultrasonic stimuli in midair for the first time. The palm was stimulated by short ultrasonic focal points generated by an ultrasound board. The results are compared with a no stimulation condition as well as with the results of a vibro tactile stimulation. The SEPs are analyzed with the wavelet phase synchronization stability (WPSS) and the M-consecutive averaged WPSS. The results indicate a clear SEP waveform elicited by ultrasound. It can be significantly differentiated from a no stimulation condition by the M-consecutive averaged WPSS. These results could enable the possibility of developing an objective evaluation method for virtual haptic feedback in HMIs.

Hearing Impairment and its Associated Causes among Children below 5 year Age Group using Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry

Hearing Impairment and its Associated Causes among Children below 5 year Age Group using Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry

Unilateral Deafness Diagnosed using the Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response Test in a Shih-tzu Dog

Unilateral Deafness Diagnosed using the Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response Test in a Shih-tzu Dog

A Comparative Study of Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy and Retinopathy

A Comparative Study of Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy and Retinopathy

Visual Evoked Responses in Type I and Type II Diabetes

Visual Evoked Responses in Type I and Type II Diabetes

Engglis

Pediatric sensorineural hearing loss can cause delay in speech and daily social communication. The causative factors are infectious or non infecious. The role of infectious risk factors in pediatric sensorineral hearing loss has been proven. However, the role of non infectious factors has not been reported, yet. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of non infectious factors in pediatric sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). This was a case control study using data collected from outpatients and medical records in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta from June to December 2015. The inclusion criteria of case group were children with SNHL and aged 0 – 5 years old, whereas the inclusion criteria of control group was children with normal hearing and aged 0-5 years old. The exclusion criteria were children with history of infectious risk factors and head trauma. Hearing status were determined by Otoacoustic Emission Testing (OAE) and Brainstem Evoked Response Auditory (BERA), based on a= 5%, b = 20%; OR asumption = 3.0. Sixty two subjects were selected with 31 subjects in each group. Multivariate analysis showed that low birth weight (LBW) (p=0.018; OR=6.553; 95% CI=1.38 – 31.13) and asphyxia (p= 0.041; OR=6.448; 95% CI=1.077 – 38.595) were risk factors, while hyperbilirubinemia (p= 0.382; OR=2.46; 95% CI=0.365 – 13.805) and gestation (p=0.876; OR=0.831; 95% CI=0.081 – 8.483) were not risk factors for pediatric SNHL. In conclusion, LBW and asphyxia are risk factors for pediatric SNHL, whereas prematurity and hyperbilirubinemia are not risk factors.

Evaluation of Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAER) in Parkinson’s Disease

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive long-term, neurodegenerative disorder of central nervous system which mainly affects the motor system, caused by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, but also in other dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic areas of the brain and mainly in the brainstem. Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response are routinely used in clinical practice to evaluate the function of the auditory nerve and auditory pathways in the brainstem. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Methods30 subjects (18 males and 12females) with Parkinson’s disease. And same number of healthy age-matched subject control group was assessed. Age of Control Group was 61.2±11.6 & of Test Group 61.7±10.4. A complete & detailed neurological examination (CNS) were performed in all individuals clinically especially of motor system to evaluate the severity of the disease for the occurrence of Parkinson’s disease. Recordings of BAERs were performed with Neurostim Plus software of Medicaid Company, using 70 dB HL in the form of rarefaction clicks were used in each ear obtain good quality BAER recording. Results. The BAER results were interpreted for the latencies and Interpeak latencies. The result of this study shows that the waves II, III, IV, V and IPL III-V were significantly delayed. Conclusion. Parkinson’s disease population showed significant differences to Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response

Panic Disorderの脳波と体性感覚誘発電位 : 過呼吸負荷時の生理学的変化について

Panic Disorderの脳波と体性感覚誘発電位 : 過呼吸負荷時の生理学的変化について

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BRAINSTEM EVOKED RESPONSE AUDIOMETRY IN DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC SUBJECTS

INTRODUCTION: The Prevalence of Diabetes Melilites Is Increasing All Over the World Particularly in The Developing Countries. Diabetes Is Associated with Hearing Impairment Which Has Been Described as Sensorineural in Origin, But Evidence Favoring a Specific Mechanism Is Insufficient. Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry Is a Simple, Non-Invasive Procedure to Detect Early Impairment of Acoustic Nerve and Auditory Pathway, Even in The Absence of Specific Symptoms. The Present Study Is Under Taken to Evaluate the Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on BERA Parameters. OBJECTIVES: To Analyze and Compare the Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry in Diabetic Patients and Age and Gender Matched Controls. METHODS: 40 Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Outpatient Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Medicine, C. S. S. Hospital, Meerut and 40 Non Diabetic Age and Gender Matched Subjects from General Population Were Selected Randomly, With None of Them Having Complains of Hearing Loss and Were Subjected to Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA). BERA Parameters Such as Latency of Wave I, II, III, IV, And V; Inter-Peak Latencies I-III, I-V and III-V Were Analyzed. BERA Parameters Were also assessed according to The Duration of Diabetes and Fasting Blood Glucose Levels. RESULTS: Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Were Found to Have Subclinical Hearing Impairment as Revealed by Impaired Auditory Brainstem Response. In This Study Diabetic Patients Showed a Statistically Significant (p value&lt;0.05) Delay in The Latency of Waves I, III and V and Inter-Peak Latency of Waves I-III, I-V and III-V When Compared to Controls. There Was a Positive Correlation Between Prolongation of Latencies and Duration of Diabetes Mellitus. The Latencies Were Also Found to Be Prolonged with altered blood glucose levels. CONCLUSION: The present study correlates with earlier findings that impaired BERA response in diabetic patients is a consequence of microangiopathy. Meticulous control of blood sugar levels is a must to prevent the early complications of diabetes, so that further damage to auditory pathway can be prevented. KEY-WORDS: Diabetes mellitus; Hearing; Brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA).