Strong Evidence Of Differences Research Articles

The effect of social context on gender self-concept

In this study we re-examine the role of genderwithin the self-concept and challenge the assumptionthat our gender self-concept is static and consistentacross contexts. We used the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) to measure masculinity and femininityacross six contexts. These six contexts were interactingwith same sex friends, interacting with other sexfriends, interacting at home, work, and school, and interacting in a social context where one doesnot know many people. Two hundred twenty-three femalesand 52 males from a large public university in theSoutheast participated in the study. A majority of the participants (76%) were Caucasian with 10%being Hispanic, 4% Asian, and 4% African American.Multivariate analyses of variance provided strongevidence for differences across contexts for both males and females. The results indicated that we aredynamic beings and those characteristics associated withgender are dynamic as well.

Where's the difference? Decomposing the impact of local election campaigns in Great Britain

This paper responds to Denver and Hands' critique of our approach to the study of local campaign effects at British general elections. We provide both substantive and technical rationales for our approach, and illustrate its use with recent data. The Conservatives may to some extent be a ‘special case’, but we have strong evidence of differences between incumbents and challengers, whatever the party.

O-19-3 - Refractory depression a biochemical hypothesis

Ex vivo investigations were carried out to study the potentiating actions of the MAOIs moclobemide and tranylcypromine on peripheral a- and β-adrenergic effects of dopamine. Isolated rat vas deferens and atria were used. Preliminary experiments showed that both moclobemide and tranylcypromine did not affect the response to noradrenaline, while they enhanced the response to tyramine. By comparison of the responses to dopamine in control and reserpinized rats, it was shown that dopamine acts in a direct and indirect manner on both the tissues tested.Two concentrations (20, 40 mg/kg, i.p.) of moclobemide were tested and administered at different time periods (2, 5 or 24 h) before the animals were sacrificed. Two concentrations (2, 20 mg/kg, i.p.) of tranylcypromine were tested at different intervals of time (2, 24 h). The results obtained pointed out that: (1) Moclobemide 20 mg/kg potentiated the α-adrenergic response to dopamine only 2 h after administration while 40 mg/kg-exerted a potentiation which was evident not only 2 but also 5 h after administration. Both doses were ineffective 24 h after administration.(2) Moclobemide 20 and 40 mg/kg potentiated the β-adrenergic response to dopamine. The effect was present 2 and 5 h after administration but it was absent 24 h after.(3) Tranylcypromine20 mg/kg potentiated the α-adrenergic response to dopamine: this effect was present after 2 h from pretreatment and was still evident after 24 h. The lower concentration of tranylcypromine (2 mg/kg) enhanced the response to dopamine only after 24 h from pretreatment.(4) Tranylcypromine 20 mg/kg enhanced the β-adrenergic response to dopamine: this effect was present 2 h after pretreatment and lasted 24 h after pretreatment. The same results were obtained with tranylcypromine 2 mg/kg.Therefore there is strong evidence of differences between moclobemide and tranylcypromine in the time course of their enhancing effects of α- and β-adrenergic responses to dopamine.

Enzyme polymorphisms in Ascaris lumbricoides in Bangladesh

Fourteen enzymes of Ascaris lumbricoides were analysed electrophoretically on cellulose acetate plates; 8 stained well and 3 were found to be polymorphic. Allelic and genotypic frequencies at the 3 polymorphic enzyme loci, Mpi, Pgi and 6- Pgd, were determined in a sample of 117 worms from 8 children living in different houses in an urban slum in Bangladesh. Allele frequencies in samples of parasites from the different children were compared to test for the possibility of non-random distribution of parasite genotypes between people. No strong evidence of differences was found. Diploid genotype frequencies did not deviate significantly from those expected from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Significant linkage disequilibrium was observed in one of 3 pairs of enzyme loci tested, which might suggest that some genetic subdivision exists in the local A. lumbricoides population, although no strong interference should be made from this single result. Overall, the results suggest that the worms sampled formed part of a single population which appears to be randomly mating.

Sex role stereotyping in Australian television advertisements

Television has attracted considerable attention in recent years because of alleged bias in its sex-role content. Studies of television in Great Britain and the United States have generally fuelled concerns that the medium presents male and female characters in traditionally stereotyped ways. Comparatively little research has focused on the way men and women are depicted in other nations' television. Such analyses contribute towards a more comprehensive account of sex role stereotyping and to cross cultural investigation. The present study examined the portrayal of male and female characters in a sample of contemporary Australian television advertisements. A sample of evening commercials was analyzed using measures developed in North American and British work. Strong evidence of differences in the presentation of male and female characters was obtained, and the differences were consistent with those reported in studies of television content in the northern hemisphere. There is little reason to suppose that this area of Australian media is changing substantially in response to public debate. The implications of possible differences between nations in terms of sex role stereotyping in commercials are discussed.

Potentiating actions of tranylcypromine and moclobemide on the sympathomimetic activity of dopamine

Ex vivo investigations were carried out to study the potentiating actions of the MAOIs moclobemide and tranylcypromine on peripheral a- and β-adrenergic effects of dopamine. Isolated rat vas deferens and atria were used. Preliminary experiments showed that both moclobemide and tranylcypromine did not affect the response to noradrenaline, while they enhanced the response to tyramine. By comparison of the responses to dopamine in control and reserpinized rats, it was shown that dopamine acts in a direct and indirect manner on both the tissues tested. Two concentrations (20, 40 mg/kg, i.p.) of moclobemide were tested and administered at different time periods (2, 5 or 24 h) before the animals were sacrificed. Two concentrations (2, 20 mg/kg, i.p.) of tranylcypromine were tested at different intervals of time (2, 24 h). The results obtained pointed out that: (1) Moclobemide 20 mg/kg potentiated the α-adrenergic response to dopamine only 2 h after administration while 40 mg/kg-exerted a potentiation which was evident not only 2 but also 5 h after administration. Both doses were ineffective 24 h after administration. (2) Moclobemide 20 and 40 mg/kg potentiated the β-adrenergic response to dopamine. The effect was present 2 and 5 h after administration but it was absent 24 h after. (3) Tranylcypromine20 mg/kg potentiated the α-adrenergic response to dopamine: this effect was present after 2 h from pretreatment and was still evident after 24 h. The lower concentration of tranylcypromine (2 mg/kg) enhanced the response to dopamine only after 24 h from pretreatment. (4) Tranylcypromine 20 mg/kg enhanced the β-adrenergic response to dopamine: this effect was present 2 h after pretreatment and lasted 24 h after pretreatment. The same results were obtained with tranylcypromine 2 mg/kg. Therefore there is strong evidence of differences between moclobemide and tranylcypromine in the time course of their enhancing effects of α- and β-adrenergic responses to dopamine.

Comparative Pathogenicity of Fourteen Australian Isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi Determined on Transplants of Tasmanian Temperate Heathland

Peat cores containing mature plants of 21 native species were transplanted from heathland in south- western Tasmania to a greenhouse and inoculated individually with 14 Australian isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi. The isolates, which had been obtained from 10 different species of host plants and from 14 localities widely distributed across the continent, included three of the four isotypes of the fungus known to occur in Australia. Abnormal coloration, root-rot and death occurred in 9 of the 11 species of dicotyledons present; in a single plant of one species of the 11 monocotyledons but in neither of the two ferns. Of the nine species of dicotyledons in which disease occurred, five species were highly susceptible. Comparisons of the relative pathogenicity of isolates, based on the response of the five highly susceptible species, showed no evidence of strong differences in pathogenicity between groups of isolates, whether these groups were based on isotype of the fungus, climate at the source of the isolates or taxonomic affinity of the host plants from which they were originally isolated.

Age at marriage in Malaysia: A hazard model of marriage timing

This paper estimates a proportional hazards model for the timing of age at marriage of women in Malaysia. We hypothesize that age at marriage responds significantly to differences in male and female occupations, race, and age. We find considerable empirical support for the relevance of economic variables in determining age at marriage as well as evidence of strong differences in marriage patterns across races.

Differences in oestrogen receptors in malignant and normal breast tissue as identified by the binding of a new synthetic progestogen.

Oestrogen receptor protein (ER) was detected in 9 of 11 samples of malignant breast tissue and 8 of 9 samples of normal breast tissue. Levels of cytosolic ER (ERc) in malignant breast were 21-1102 fmol mg-1 soluble protein (Kd 1.8 X 10(-9)-3.1 X 10(-8) mol l-1) and those of nucleosolic ER (ERn), 13-526 fmol mg-1 soluble protein (Kd 2.1 X 10(-9)-1.4 X 10(-8) mol l-1). In normal breast tissue ERc levels were 33-640 fmol mg-1 soluble protein (Kd 1.3 X 10(-10)-3.2 X 10(-9) mol l-1), ERn was detected in only 2 samples, 8 and 87 fmol mg-1 soluble protein with Kd 3.2 X 10(-9) and 1.4 X 10(-9) l mol-1 respectively. 17 alpha-ethinyl-13 beta-ethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-4,15-gonadiene-3-one (gestodene), a new synthetic progestogen displaced 3H-oestradiol (3H-E2) from both ERc and ERn in malignant tissue but not in normal breast, or these receptors from endometrial tissue. In competition studies gestodene was approximately 3 times more effective in displacing 3H-E2 from ERc and ERn in malignant breast tissue than the natural ligand. Quantitation of ER by gestodene were ERc, 12-1134 fmol gestodene bound mg-1 soluble protein (Kd 1 X 10(-9)-8.1 X 10(-9) mol l-1); ERn, 17-531 fmol gestodene bound mg-1 soluble protein (Kd 1.6 X 10(-9)-1.1 X 10(-8) mol l-1). L-13-ethyl-17 alpha-ethinyl, 17 beta-hydroxy-gonen-3-one (levonorgestrel) showed no binding to ER in malignant breast, normal breast or endometrial tissue. In circulation both gestodene and levonorgestrel displaced E2 from sex hormone binding globulin more than any of the androgens tested. These results suggest that gestodene is a progestogen with oestrogenic and/or antioestrogenic properties and provide strong evidence for differences in ER from malignant and normal breast tissue.

Electrophoretic examination of native myosin

FEBS LettersVolume 29, Issue 3 p. 292-296 Full-length articleFree Access Electrophoretic examination of native myosin Anne d'Albis, Anne d'Albis Medical Research Council Biophysics Unit, King's College, Drury Lane, London, WC2B 5RL, EnglandSearch for more papers by this authorW.B. Gratzer, W.B. Gratzer Medical Research Council Biophysics Unit, King's College, Drury Lane, London, WC2B 5RL, EnglandSearch for more papers by this author Anne d'Albis, Anne d'Albis Medical Research Council Biophysics Unit, King's College, Drury Lane, London, WC2B 5RL, EnglandSearch for more papers by this authorW.B. Gratzer, W.B. Gratzer Medical Research Council Biophysics Unit, King's College, Drury Lane, London, WC2B 5RL, EnglandSearch for more papers by this author First published: February 01, 1973 https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(73)80042-0Citations: 32AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 S. Sarkar, F.A. Sreter, J. Gergely, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S., 68, (1971), 946– 2 S. Lowey, D. Risby, Nature, 234, (1971), 81– 3 F.A. Sreter, S. Sarkar, J. Gergely, Nature New Biol., 239, (1972), 124– 4 G. Huszar, M. Elzinga, J. Biol. Chem., 247, (1972), 745– 5 S. Lowey, S.N. Timasheff G.D. Fasman Subunits in Biological Systems (1971), M. Dekker New York 201– part A 6 I.P. Trayer, C.I. Harris, S.V. Perry, Nature, 217, (1968), 452– 7 A.J. Buller, W.F.H.M. Mommaerts, K. Seraydarian, Nature New Biology, 233, (1971), 31– 8 R.G. Hale, G.R. Beecher, FEBS Letters, 18, (1971), 245– 9 L. Shapiro, J.V. Maizel, Anal. Biochem., 29, (1969), 505– 10 R. Josephs, W.F. Harrington, Biochemistry, 7, (1968), 2834– 11 S.V. Perry, S.P. Colowick N.O. Kaplan Methods in Enzymology 2, (1955), Academic Press New York 582– 12 R.L. Starr, G.W. Offer, FEBS Letters, 15, (1971), 40– 13 I. Smith, I. Smith Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Techniques 2, (1968), Heinemann London 365– 14 K. Weber, M. Osborn, J. Biol. Chem., 244, (1969), 4406– 15 J.E. Godfrey, W.F. Harrington, Biochemistry, 9, (1970), 894– 16 J.R. Cann, Interacting Macromolecules (1970), Academic Press New York 17 A.G. Weeds, S. Lowey, J. Mol. Biol., 61, (1971), 701– 18 H. Oppenheimer, K. Bárány, G. Hamoir, J. Fenton, Arch. Biochem., 120, (1967), 108– 19 W.F. Harrington, M. Burke, Biochemistry, 11, (1972), 1448– Citing Literature Volume29, Issue3February 01, 1973Pages 292-296 ReferencesRelatedInformation