Evidence-based Literature Research Articles

Nontechnical Factors and Postprocedural Considerations for Image-guided Breast Biopsy.

Beyond the technical aspects, success and long-term patient outcomes of image-guided breast biopsies depend on the overall patient experience. Patient experience in turn is influenced by intangible factors, such as environmental features during the procedure; patient-centered communication prior to, during, and subsequent to the procedure; and management of expectations and biopsy complications. Here, we review evidence-based literature and results of a national Society of Breast Imaging survey on approaches to both mitigate and manage common image-guided core biopsy complications as well as nontechnical strategies to improve the patient biopsy experience.

Family Health Care Needs in a Pediatric Population 6 Months After Moderate and Severe Physical Trauma

Background: Traumatic injury is a leading cause of death and disability in children and young adults. There is a lack of evidence-based literature and guidelines on supporting families after severe child injury. This study aimed to assess the family needs and factors associated with those needs. Methods: A prospective multicenter follow-up study conducted at two Norwegian trauma centers involving children (aged 0–18 years) who sustained a moderate or severe traumatic injury with a New Injury Severity Score > 9. Sociodemographic and injury variables were recorded at baseline. The Family Needs Questionnaire—Paediatric Version, ranging from one (not at all met) to five (completely met) was completed by parents to assess the family needs at the 6-month follow-up. Bivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors associated with the family needs at 6 months post-injury. Results: Of the 63 children included, 38 (68% boys) with a mean age of 9.9 years (SD = 5.8) were available for follow-up. At 6 months, 82% reported needs for health information with a mean score of 3.8 (SD = 1.0), and involvement with care with a mean of 3.7 (SD = 1.2). Additionally, 71% reported emotional support needs (mean score 2.6, SD = 1.3). A higher number of injuries and a lower age of the child were significantly associated with increased odds of having more family needs. Conclusions: After moderate to severe pediatric traumatic injury, families report a need for health information, involvement in care, and emotional support. Paying attention to the number of injuries and the child’s age could help to identify families in need of information and support.

A systematic review upon the online content provided for self-management of diabetes

Background: Diabetes is a major illness that requires appropriate education in order to increase one's understanding of self-management. With the advancement of the internet, the proliferation of online health-related content in supporting the management of chronic illness like diabetes has been ongoing; however, little is understood on the sort of acceptable and/or effective information attainable online. Objective: The aim of this review is to evaluate the current literature in hindsight of online management in diabetes whilst establishing the effectiveness of online management tools, the quality of the online information, and the methods of obtaining online information. Methods: A series of systematic searches of online databases were conducted in accordance with strictly defined inclusion and exclusion criteria relevant to the research question. Additionally, an evidence-based literature (EBL) checklist tool was used to assess the methodological and reporting quality of each study. Each article was peer-reviewed and screened for any biases. Results: A result of 11 electronic searches were critically appraised using the EBL appraisal checklist tool and all were found to have overall validity. The results indicate an increase use of online technology to empower an understanding of one's own health. Web-based tools like social media were useful in promoting the management of diabetes but were not able to provide quality information. Conclusion: Current research indicates the need for more investigation and future development of readily accessible and qualitative information in order to support the self-management of diabetes.

EANM/SNMMI guideline/procedure standard for [18F]FDG hybrid PET use in infection and inflammation in adults v2.0.

Hybrid [18F]FDG PET imaging is currently the method of choice for a wide variety of infectious and inflammatory disorders and was recently adopted in several clinical guidelines. A large amount of evidence-based articles, guidelines and appropriate use criteria have been published since the first version of this guideline in 2013. To provide updated evidence-based information to assist physicians in recommending, performing and interpreting hybrid [18F]FDG PET examinations for infectious and inflammatory disorders in the adult population. A systematic literature search of evidence-based articles using whole-body [18F]FDG hybrid imaging on the indications covered within this guideline was performed. All systematic reviews and meta-analyses published within the last 10 years until January 2023 were identified in PubMed/Medline or Cochrane. For each indication covered in this manuscript, diagnostic performance was provided based on meta-analyses or systematic reviews. If not available, results from prospective or retrospective studies were considered based on predefined selection criteria. RESULTSAND CONCLUSIONS: Hybrid [18F]FDG PET is extremely useful in the work-up and management of adults with infectious and inflammatory diseases, as supported by extensive and rapidly growing evidence-based literature and adoption in clinical guidelines. Practical recommendations are provided describing evidence-based indications as well as interpretation criteria and pitfalls.Monitoring treatment response is the most challenging but insufficiently studied potential application in infection and inflammation imaging.

Computer vision syndrome: A disease of the new age era

Advancement in technology has revolutionized the modern era, making people turn a blind eye to its disastrous effects. One such harmful effect is the overuse of digital screens for various purposes leading to a new disease entity named “Computer vision syndrome”. Although a major health problem, it is often ignored by the patients and practitioners, particularly in a developing country like India. The purpose of this narrative review article is to shed light on the various symptoms as well as provide a fruitful treatment based on evidence-based literature available.

Novel applications of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning-based modalities in dental traumatology: An overview of evidence-based literature

Novel applications of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning-based modalities in dental traumatology: An overview of evidence-based literature

Current understanding of subjective tinnitus in adults.

An up-to-date overview of epidemiology, etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic and evaluation methods, current treatment status and future directions of subjective tinnitus in adults. Review of current evidence-based literature on subjective tinnitus in adults. The prevalence of subjective tinnitus in the adult population is estimated to be around 14%, and it tends to increase with age. Subjective tinnitus is a complex condition with multiple factors contributing to its origin. However, the exact causes and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Potential causes may include hearing loss, dysfunction in the somatosensory system, and auditory cortical dysfunction, although severe underlying pathology is rare. Currently, diagnosis primarily relies on patient self-reported medical history and physician-based clinical assessment due to the lack of objective testing. Various treatment and management options have been proposed, but their effectiveness varies, and there is no universally agreed-upon treatment option. Tinnitus is a complex and heterogeneous disease with a high incidence rate and a tendency to increase with age. A holistic perspective is needed to understand the generation, perception, and emotional responses to tinnitus. Diagnosis requires a comprehensive assessment based on medical history and relevant examinations, identification of concurrent psychosomatic comorbidities, and active pursuit of objective diagnostic methods. At the same time, on the basis of existing treatment plans and combining emerging technologies, we will develop new personalized, precise, and combined treatment plans.

Exploring Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy as a Modality: How it is Evolving in the Ontario, Canada Context and the Relevance of Contributions from the Fields of Theology and Spiritual Care.

This paper surveys the current understanding of spiritually integrated psychotherapy (SIP) and connects the historical role of religious training to better understand how SIP is developing as a psychotherapy modality in Ontario, Canada. The paper clarifies how SIP is defined and proposes three levels of practice: spiritually conscious therapy, spiritually informed therapy, and spiritually integrated therapy. As evidence-based and practiced-based literature expands, more consensus is needed in how SIP terminology is used.

A Systematic Review of Laser Photobiomodulation Dosimetry and Treatment Protocols in the Management of Medications-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws: A Rationalised Consensus for Future Randomised Controlled Clinical Trials.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a debilitating adverse effect of bisphosphates, antiresorptive therapy or antiangiogenic agents that can potentially increase oxidative stress, leading to progressive osteonecrosis of the jaws. Despite the large number of published systematic reviews, there is a lack of potential MRONJ treatment protocols utilising photobiomodulation (PBM) as a single or adjunct therapy for preventive or therapeutic oncology or non-oncology cohort. Hence, this systematic review aimed to evaluate PBM laser efficacy and its dosimetry as a monotherapy or combined with the standard treatments for preventive or therapeutic approach in MRONJ management. The objectives of the review were as follows: (1) to establish PBM dosimetry and treatment protocols for preventive, therapeutic or combined approaches in MRONJ management; (2) to highlight and bridge the literature gaps in MRONJ diagnostics and management; and (3) to suggest rationalised consensus recommendations for future randomised controlled trials (RCTs) through the available evidence-based literature. This review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered at PROSPERO under the ID CRD42021238175. A multi-database search was performed to identify articles of clinical studies published from their earliest records until 15 December 2023. The data were extracted from the relevant papers and analysed according to the outcomes selected in this review. In total, 12 out of 126 studies met the eligibility criteria. The striking inconsistent conclusions made by the various authors of the included studies were due to the heterogeneity in the methodology, diagnostic criteria and assessment tools, as well as in the reported outcomes, made it impossible to conduct a meta-analysis. PBM as a single or adjunct treatment modality is effective for MRONJ preventive or therapeutic management, but it was inconclusive to establish a standardised and replicable protocol due to the high risk of bias in a majority of the studies, but it was possible to extrapolate the PBM dosimetry of two studies that were close to the WALT recommended parameters. In conclusion, the authors established suggested rationalised consensus recommendations for future well-designed robust RCTs, utilising PBM as a monotherapy or an adjunct in preventive or therapeutic approach of MRONJ in an oncology and non-oncology cohort. This would pave the path for standardised PBM dosimetry and treatment protocols in MRONJ management.

Perspectives and Experiences of Public Safety Personnel Engaged in a Peer-Led Workplace Reintegration Program Post Critical Incident or Operational Stress Injury: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis.

Public safety personnel (PSP) experience operational stress injuries (OSIs), which can put them at increased risk of experiencing mental health and functional challenges. Such challenges can result in PSP needing to take time away from the workplace. An unsuccessful workplace reintegration process may contribute to further personal challenges for PSP and their families as well as staffing shortages that adversely affect PSP organizations. The Canadian Workplace Reintegration Program (RP) has seen a global scale and spread in recent years. However, there remains a lack of evidence-based literature on this topic and the RP specifically. The current qualitative study was designed to explore the perspectives of PSP who had engaged in a Workplace RP due to experiencing a potentially psychologically injurious event or OSI. A qualitative thematic analysis analyzed interview data from 26 PSP who completed the RP. The researchers identified five themes: (1) the impact of stigma on service engagement; (2) the importance of short-term critical incident (STCI) program; (3) strengths of RP; (4) barriers and areas of improvement for the RP; and (5) support outside the RP. Preliminary results were favorable, but further research is needed to address the effectiveness, efficacy, and utility of the RP. By addressing workplace reintegration through innovation and research, future initiatives and RP iterations can provide the best possible service and support to PSP and their communities.

The Biophilic School: A Critical Synthesis of Evidence-Based Systematic Literature Reviews

The Biophilic School: A Critical Synthesis of Evidence-Based Systematic Literature Reviews

The Implications of Artificial Intelligence in Pedodontics: A Scoping Review of Evidence-Based Literature.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a revolutionary technology with several applications across different dental fields, including pedodontics. This systematic review has the objective to catalog and explore the various uses of artificial intelligence in pediatric dentistry. A thorough exploration of scientific databases was carried out to identify studies addressing the usage of AI in pediatric dentistry until December 2023 in the Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases by two researchers, S.L.R. and A.L.G. From a pool of 1301 articles, only 64 met the predefined criteria and were considered for inclusion in this review. From the data retrieved, it was possible to provide a narrative discussion of the potential implications of AI in the specialized area of pediatric dentistry. The use of AI algorithms and machine learning techniques has shown promising results in several applications of daily dental pediatric practice, including the following: (1) assisting the diagnostic and recognizing processes of early signs of dental pathologies, (2) enhancing orthodontic diagnosis by automating cephalometric tracing and estimating growth and development, (3) assisting and educating children to develop appropriate behavior for dental hygiene. AI holds significant potential in transforming clinical practice, improving patient outcomes, and elevating the standards of care in pediatric patients. Future directions may involve developing cloud-based platforms for data integration and sharing, leveraging large datasets for improved predictive results, and expanding AI applications for the pediatric population.

EcoSmile: A Comprehensive Analysis of Sustainable Dental Practices Using Mixed Methodology

Introduction: Sustainability is the profound and accountable way of using the natural resources, its goal being to prevent their depletion and preserving the ecological balance. An essential prerequisite to accomplish dental practice environmentally friendly. Materials and Methods: The mixed method dual approach study, preliminary in level I a qualitative evaluation of green practices among dental professionals for sustainable ecofriendly dental practice. Questionnaire study performed by 24 item scale among registered dental professionals was performed. Level II Scoping research was blatantly representing via tree map the voids towards environment friendly dental care in evidence-based literature via R Studio programming in statistical graphics. Results: Out of 300 dentists 258 (84.7%) opine optimistically towards environmentally friendly dental practices. Majority 98.7% agree to implement green dental practices, only 58% dentists follow mandatory protocol. Only 9.0% dentists updated with latest innovative methodologies for reducing carbon footprint. Quantitative data envisage 16 articles in PubMed database, spanning 2001 to 2023. There’s a dearth of national research trends in this field. Quality research for promoting sustainable dentistry need escalation. Conclusion: It is inevitable to measure and mitigate the environmental foot print. By implementing 4 R of reduce, reuse, recycle and restore in dental care. Redesigning, exterior to interior, stop disposable, stringent waste management can bring revolution. Sustainable use of dental materials and equipment promoting research for health promotion is need of an hour. Green entrepreneurship in dentistry have the potential to protect ecosystem.

Agreement between quality of life assessed using family proxy and child self-reports among children with hematologic malignancy.

Evidence-based literature recognizes that the different degrees of agreement between a child self-report and a proxy-report depend on the characteristics of the domains, the child's age and illness, the proxy's own perspective on QoL, and family attendance during the child's hospitalization. This study aims to determine the degree of agreement between proxy-reports and child self-reports on quality of life (QoL) for children with hematologic malignancy ranging in age from 5 to 18 years who are undergoing treatment.We retrieved clinical QoL data from a study titled "Dynamic change in QoL for Vietnamese children with hematologic malignancy" from April 2021 to December 2022. To evaluate the magnitude of agreement between self-reports and proxy-reports, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for 259 pairs of measurements were quantified. Using independent t tests, the mean differences between self-reports and proxy-reports were tested.Moderate agreement was consistent through all age groups for five subscales, including physical, psychosocial, pain, nausea, and procedural anxiety (ICCs ranged from 0.53 to 0.74). The weakest agreement appeared in two groups, subjects aged 5-7 years and 13-18 years on six domains (school, treatment anxiety, worry, cognitive problems, perceived physical appearance, and communication) (-0.01 to 0.49). Child self-rating was consistently higher than that of proxies for the physical, emotional, and nausea domains among children aged 5-7 years and for procedural anxiety, treatment anxiety, and cognitive problems among children aged 8-12 years. Conclusion: The agreement level of self-reports and proxy-reports was differently distributed by child age and the PedsQL domains. The proxy children agreement on QoL among children with hematologic malignancy was divergent according to the different age groups, which could potentially be explained by proxy-child bonding at different stages of childhood development. Our recommendation for future studies is to explore children's age as a potential factor influencing proxy agreement on QoL among children with cancer. What is Known: • Children and their proxies may think differently about quality of life (QoL). • Comparing two sources of data (i.e., child and proxy) on aspects of QoL can help identify the discrepancies between children's perceptions of their QoL and their parents' perceptions. This can be useful in terms of identifying potential areas for improvement or concern and may also be helpful in making decisions about treatment and care. What is New: • Our study results demonstrated that proxies who comprised children aged 5-7 years or 13-18 years reported differently among domains that cannot be expressed verbally or with body language, including cognitive problems, perceived physical appearance, and communication. • Children generally perceived their QoL to be better than their proxies. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of children's QoL may require the consideration of multiple sources of data from various perspectives.

Exploring novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying Bisphenol A-induced toxicity: A persistent threat to human health

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous industrial chemical used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, found in numerous consumer products. Despite its widespread use, its potential adverse health effects have raised significant concerns. This review explores the molecular mechanisms and evidence-based literature underlying BPA-induced toxicities and its implications for human health. BPA is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) which exhibits carcinogenic properties by influencing various receptors, such as ER, AhR, PPARs, LXRs, and RARs. It induces oxidative stress and contributes to cellular dysfunction, inflammation, and DNA damage, ultimately leading to various toxicities including but not limited to reproductive, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and endocrine toxicity. Moreover, BPA can modify DNA methylation patterns, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression, leading to epigenetic changes and contribute to carcinogenesis. Overall, understanding molecular mechanisms of BPA-induced toxicity is crucial for developing effective strategies and policies to mitigate its adverse effects on human health.

Evidence-based care for suicidality as an ethical and professional imperative: How to decrease suicidal suffering and save lives.

Suicide is a major public and mental health problem in the United States and around the world. According to recent survey research, there were 16,600,000 American adults and adolescents in 2022 who reported having serious thoughts of suicide (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2023), which underscores a profound need for effective clinical care for people who are suicidal. Yet there is evidence that clinical providers may avoid patients who are suicidal (out of fear and perceived concerns about malpractice liability) and that too many rely on interventions (i.e., inpatient hospitalization and medications) that have little to no evidence for decreasing suicidal ideation and behavior (and may even increase risk). Fortunately, there is an emerging and robust evidence-based clinical literature on suicide-related assessment, acute clinical stabilization, and the actual treatment of suicide risk through psychological interventions supported by replicated randomized controlled trials. Considering the pervasiveness of suicidality, the life versus death implications, and the availability of proven approaches, it is argued that providers should embrace evidence-based practices for suicidal risk as their best possible risk management strategy. Such an embrace is entirely consistent with expert recommendations as well as professional and ethical standards. Finally, a call to action is made with a series of specific recommendations to help psychologists (and other disciplines) use evidence-based, suicide-specific, approaches to help decrease suicide-related suffering and deaths. It is argued that doing so has now become both an ethical and professional imperative. Given the challenge of this issue, it is also simply the right thing to do. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Understanding Acute Pancreatitis in End-Stage Renal Disease: Unraveling etiologies, clinical presentations, management strategies, and complications: a narrative review

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common disease with defined diagnostic criteria, radiological findings, and management guidelines. Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at an increased risk of developing AP. The diagnosis of AP in ESRD is challenging, and the clinical presentation may mimic other pathologies. Moreover, the impact of AP on the overall morbidity and mortality in ESRD patients warrants a tailored therapeutic approach. We conducted a literature search for published manuscripts on AP and ESRD up to November 2023 in several databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed, and employed the following search terms: “acute pancreatitis”, “pancreatitis”, “end-stage renal disease”, “hemodialysis”, “peritoneal dialysis”, “diagnostic criteria”, “etiology”, “presentation”, “management”, “complication”, “prognosis”, “mortality”. Qualitative and quantitative data were both extracted. This manuscript reviews current evidence-based literature about the etiology and clinical presentation of AP in ESRD. It sheds the light on the current clinical studies that reflect beneficial management strategies as well as complications of AP in ESRD. Patients with ESRD are more likely to develop AP and subsequently severe pancreatitis with high mortality rates compared to the general population. The etiology of AP in ESRD is multifactorial and management is focused on pain control, early nutritional support and most importantly maintaining a fluid balance. While existing research has shed light on certain aspects of AP in ESRD, additional literature focused on this topic is required to foster a deeper and broader understanding of AP in ESRD.

Update of the German S3 guideline on renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma is the third most common tumor among urological tumors. In Germany more than 14,000 people are affected every year. The sex ratio is 2/3men and 1/3women. The S3guideline is intended to provide all disciplines dealing with renal cell carcinoma with the current status of diagnostics, therapy and follow-up care of the patients with this tumor. The first version of the German guideline on renal cell carcinoma was published in 2015. The development was carried out at S3level, which means that astructured, evidence-based literature search was carried out, recommendations and statements were developed in topic-related working groups and were approved by an interdisciplinary group of officials elected by the different medical societies. The chapters were gradually revised in 2017, 2020 and 2021 to reflect new aspects. This article provides information about the most important innovations of the most recent update from 2023. In the epidemiology subsection, the substance trichlorethene has been added as arisk factor for the development of renal cell carcinoma. While there were no new data on neoadjuvant therapy, the checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab was the first substance to demonstrate improved disease-specific and overall survival in the adjuvant situation. The combination nivolumab plus cabozantinib and lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab were included in the chapter on systemic therapy for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. New are the chapters on non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma and hereditary tumors. The S3guideline provides astructured, evidence-based overview of all aspects of renal cell carcinoma.

ChatGPT Responses to Common Questions About Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: A Reliable Resource for Parents?

We sought to evaluate the ability of ChatGPT, an AI-powered online chatbot, to answer frequently asked questions (FAQs) regarding slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). Seven FAQs regarding SCFE were presented to ChatGPT. Initial responses were recorded and compared with evidence-based literature and reputable online resources. Responses were subjectively rated as "excellent response requiring no further clarification," "satisfactory response requiring minimal clarification," "satisfactory response requiring moderate clarification," or "unsatisfactory response requiring substantial clarification." ChatGPT was frequently able to provide satisfactory responses that required only minimal clarification. One response received an excellent rating and required no further clarification, while only 1 response from ChatGPT was rated unsatisfactory and required substantial clarification. ChatGPT is able to frequently provide satisfactory responses to FAQs regarding SCFE while appropriately reiterating the importance of always consulting a medical professional.

Effects of Caffeine on Breastfeeding Mothers and Infants: A Scoping Review

Objectives:Breastfeeding mothers often consume caffeine in varied quantities. The common dietary sources of caffeine include tea, coffee, chocolate, energy drinks, and sodas. Over time, caffeine has become a widely accepted substance to use throughout pregnancy and lactation. As the range of volumes of caffeine is variable in various beverages, it is essential to explore the positive and negative effects of caffeine on breastfeeding mothers and their babies.Methods:A scoping review of evidence-based literature was undertaken to examine the effects of caffeine on breastfeeding mothers and their babies. We searched major databases using the key terms “caffeine,” “breast milk,” “newborns,” “infants,” “mothers,” and “breastfeeding.” Altogether, 21 articles were shortlisted for this review based on their relevance to the topic.Results:Caffeine travels in small amounts from the mother to the infant, and the infant is typically unaffected in amounts less than 300 mg/d. Caffeine is reported to reduce postnatal depression and fatigue among breastfeeding and has been found useful in treating acute morbidities in neonates like apnea of prematurity, patent ductus arteriosus, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. A high intake of caffeine (450 mg or more of caffeine per day) in a short time is reported to have detrimental biochemical and neurodevelopmental effects in breastfed infants, anemia, and low iron level in breast milk. Controversy exists surrounding the effects of caffeine on breastfeeding duration of mothers. Recommendations include education and counselling for breastfeeding mothers on the dangers of caffeine consumption, avoidance of frequent and high intake of caffeine during lactation, and monitoring caffeine levels in various beverages/products.Conclusion:The use of caffeine has shown both positive and negative effects on breastfeeding mothers and infants. As a high intake of caffeine (450 mg or more of caffeine per day) is reported to have negative effects, breastfeeding mothers and infants must be protected from the detrimental effects of caffeine through increased education, counselling, and psychosocial support. Clinical practice guidelines are needed on the safe consumption of caffeine by breastfeeding mothers. Future research must examine the effects of varied levels of caffeine found in different products on breast milk composition, duration, health status, and breastfeeding outcomes of term and preterm newborns.