Everyday Words Research Articles

이해도의 관점에서 본 국립박물관 활동지의 전문용어 -공예 분야 자율관람 활동지를 중심으로-

This paper aims to check whether the terminology in the self-worksheet provided by a museum can be understood by non-professional visitors and to clarify the importance of using terminology made up of easy everyday word. To study the visitors' understanding of terminology in the worksheet, six types of craft-themed worksheets developed for elementary school students in the National Museum were analyzed. Then, I studied the types of vocabulary about terminology in the worksheet and calculated the distance from everyday terms. As a result, a total of 121 technical terms in the field of crafts (removing overlapping vocabulary) were extracted, of which 81.8% were Chinese characters. This is a much higher proportion than the proportions of Chinese characters in the entry of the standard Korean dictionary as well as elementary school textbooks. The terminology used in the worksheet is mainly made up of Chinese characters that are difficult for elementary school students who have only used Hangeul. It is obvious that terminology based on Chanise characters is difficult to understand, but the most important thing is that the meaning of terms should be easy to understand as spoken language, regardless of whether it is a native term or Chinese. Therefore, I measured and calculated the distance between the 26,678 everyday words spoken by children and the terminology used by the worksheet for craft field. The result showed that the distance between the two terms was quite far, 66.1. This means that more than half of the technical terms in the craft field are unfamiliar expressions that elementary school students have not encountered in their everyday lives, indicating that the worksheet of the National Museum is very difficult. The worksheet provided by the museum for visitors serves as a guide for understanding the exhibition. Therefore, the terminology contained in the worksheet should be in a form that visitors can easily accept. For the worksheet to be used by elementary school students as excellent learning material, it is urgent to reorganize and correct the terminology of the worksheet to meet the language level of the user.

Зло как категория современного политического мышления

The article attempts to analyze the understanding of evil both in contemporary political discourse and in everyday word usage. For this purpose, it is proposed to revisit the problem of theodicy, since evil is almost always used in a religious sense. The article distinguishes between the process of secularization, as a result of which the omnipotence of God becomes the property and instrument of political power, and the deconstruction of Christianity, which allows us to move from political theology to secular theodicy, where our ability to think and recognize evil in the world, rather than the problem of God's justification, comes to the fore. The author argues that this is impossible within the framework of political theology, where political evil always conceals and justifies itself. This is the fate of all theodicies, which Kant calls “doctrinal,” in which reason, making a claim against god (or transcendence) is always able to justify it. Kant considers the Book of Job to be the only “authentic” theodicy in which it is suffering itself, or Job's conscience, immanent to the world, that sues god. This is an important step in the direction of secular theodicy, but it is also limited in its desire to be subsumed by deity or authority. The paper suggests that we should pay attention to Job's wife's call to her husband to “curse the Lord and die.” These words become the origin of an alternative theodicy – a theodicy of action, a theodicy of the victim refusing to speak to god. The author finds the beginnings of such a theodicy in Jules Michelet's historical analysis of the religious massacres of witches, where the latter appear as victims, as well as in Jean Amery's analysis of torture and his idea of the rehabilitation of the ressentiment. The line of rebellion leading from the words of Job's wife to the unprecedented forms of violence of power provoked by the fear of this rebellion leads to the understanding of evil not as religious (opposing good), but as a political phenomenon of the modern world, manifested in excessive violence against the powerless victim.

Phonological Variation in Hawrami subDialect of Kurdish Language

This paper is entitled (Phonological Changes in Hawrami Dialect (A Current Descriptive Study)). It is to identify the phonological changes that occur in the sounds of everyday words and terms of speakers of different classes of this dialect, in the different environments of their appearance in the structure of morphemes and words. It also identifies the characteristics and causes of these changes and analyzes the laws that occur in these sound changes. With the classification of the types of changes and the most important structural changes, such as compatibility (complete and incomplete), incompatibility, fall, sound formation, sound change, displacement, sound separation. Also point out the causes of their occurrence such as (gravey noise, obesity, bilibials, palatal, vocal cords and place of articulation, etc). with their place of articulation at the beginning or middle or end of words and their classification into consonants and vowels.In addition to the introduction, conclusions and sources, the research is divided into two parts: the first part consists of phonology and phonemes, rules of sentence structure, characteristics and causes of phonological changes. The second section discusses phonological changes and their types and identifies structural changes.

A high-frequency sense list.

A number of high-frequency word lists have been created to help foreign language learners master English vocabulary. These word lists, despite their widespread use, did not take word meaning into consideration. Foreign language learners are unclear on which meanings they should focus on first. To address this issue, we semantically annotated the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and the British National Corpus (BNC) with high accuracy using a BERT model. From these annotated corpora, we calculated the semantic frequency of different senses and filtered out 5000 senses to create a High-frequency Sense List. Subsequently, we checked the validity of this list and compared it with established influential word lists. This list exhibits three notable characteristics. First, it achieves stable coverage in different corpora. Second, it identifies high-frequency items with greater accuracy. It achieves comparable coverage with lists like GSL, NGSL, and New-GSL but with significantly fewer items. Especially, it includes everyday words that used to fall off high-frequency lists without requiring manual adjustments. Third, it describes clearly which senses are most frequently used and therefore should be focused on by beginning learners. This study represents a pioneering effort in semantic annotation of large corpora and the creation of a word list based on semantic frequency.

뉴스 기사의 어휘 의미 사용 양상 분석

This study aims at reducing communication errors in linguistic expressions provided by the media. As errors in meaning could occur because of some differences in what addressers intend and what recipients interpret between news reporters and consumers even they use the same linguistic signs. This paper analyzes ‘contaminated wastewater, recycling, antinational group, communist totalitarianism’ reported in recent news and finds out their meaning. ‘Contaminated wastewater’ is used identically with such technical terms as ‘treated wastewater’ and ‘nuclear wastewater’ considering the speakers’ assessment intention. ‘Recycling’ is an everyday word but news reporters have deliberately used it to confuse readers by interpreting its meaning anew. ‘Antinational group’ is also a general term but the speakers have intentionally distorted its meaning and delivered it to spread a specifically purposeful ideology. ‘Communist totalitarianism’ is a technical term and should be used limitedly and clearly but has been used with equivocal senses by violating social character of language. Seeing these terms have been used, readers who consume news should precisely interpret specific meaning of each word the media that deliver news use. That is the way not to be deluded by distorted news. Thus, the language users should be able to look into the meaning of specific word in linguistic expressions of news, grasp the sense and analyze its accuracy.

Evolving meanings of ‘principles’ in agronomic discourse

The notion of principles, and the sense that they are different from but closely linked to practices, is deeply rooted in the agronomy literature. However, these terms are currently used by different authors to mean very different things. This paper explores these various uses and meanings. We argue that an understanding of the use of apparently innocuous, everyday words like principles and practices provides a valuable insight into on-going debates, contestation and politics about the future of agriculture and food. In the case of principles, it is important to understand the forms they take, by whom they are proclaimed and for what purpose(s). We find that while most alternative agricultures define themselves through a set of principles, these do not challenge or undermine the scientific principles that underpin mainstream agronomy. Further, we argue that to articulate and proclaim principles is to seek to exercise discursive power. Specifically, proclaiming principles or defining a favoured approach to agriculture by articulating a specific set of principles, is to exert authority, bolster legitimacy and claim a place in a crowded and contested marketplace.

Moving beyond "nouns in the lab": Using naturalistic data to understand why infants' first words include uh-oh and hi.

Why do infants learn some words earlier than others? Many theories of early word learning focus on explaining how infants map labels onto concrete objects. However, words that are more abstract than object nouns, such as uh-oh, hi, more, up, and all-gone, are typically among the first to appear in infants' vocabularies. We combined a behavioral experiment with naturalistic observational research to explore how infants learn and represent this understudied category of high-frequency, routine-based non-nouns, which we term "everyday words." In Study 1, we found that a conventional eye-tracking measure of comprehension was insufficient to capture U.S.-based English-learning 10- to 16-month-old infants' emerging understanding of everyday words. In Study 2, we analyzed the visual and social scenes surrounding caregivers' and infants' use of everyday words in a naturalistic video corpus. This ecologically motivated research revealed that everyday words rarely co-occurred with consistent visual referents, making their early learnability difficult to reconcile with dominant word learning theories. Our findings instead point to complex patterns in the types of situations associated with everyday words that could contribute to their early representation in infants' vocabularies. By leveraging both experimental and observational methods, this investigation underscores the value of using naturalistic data to broaden theories of early learning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Peculiarities of Future Educators’ Training for the Forming of the Fundamentals of National Consciousness in Children of Older Preschool Age

The peculiarities of professional training of future educators for the forming of older preschool-age children’s national consciousness are substantiated in the article. The main tasks, directions, and means of national education of children of older preschool age are analyzed. The main ethnographical means that contribute to the forming of the fundamentals of the national consciousness of children in the sixth year of life are specified and characterized, and the content of pedagogical activities aimed at expanding their horizons with specific ethnographical knowledge and ideas about important social phenomena and events is determined. All this can be realized with the help of various genres of oral folk art, traditions and customs of the Ukrainian people, folk games and toys, folk industries and crafts, and national symbols. All the ethnographical means listed above in figurative and rhythmic forms reflect real life in all its diversity (everyday life, social phenomena, work, human relationships) and contribute to national education, forming of the fundamentals of the national consciousness of older preschool-age children.
 It was established that preschool national education should help the child to form and apply the acquired social knowledge, and contribute to the forming of the skills of spiritual perception of national and cultural heritage. The result of national education should be reflected in the children's acquisition of social experience, the inheritance of the spiritual and moral values of the Ukrainian people, the achievement of a high level of national consciousness, as well as in the forming of a personality as a patriot of one's country. It is worth noting that national feelings are the basis of national consciousness and they do not arise by themselves, but only as a result of long-term educational influence on the personality, starting from the older preschool age.
 The future IPE teachers’ training for the development of national consciousness in children of older preschool age should be aimed at self-realization and the disclosure of their individual creative abilities. Gradually, the student’s vocabulary is enriched with everyday words, proverbs, sayings, tongue twisters, riddles, and other works of oral folk creativity, they learn to dramatize fragments of familiar Ukrainian fairy tales, make toys, decorate national dishes, clothes, and other household items. A systematic approach in work promotes the development of higher education getters’ interests in ethnography.

Literary Etymologies of The Ewe Names of Some Fruits

Purpose: This study seeks to employ the theory of literary etymology to investigate the Ewe names of ten fruits. 
 Design/Methodology/Approach: A purposive sample of ten descriptive Ewe fruit names was adopted for the study because literary etymology favours descriptive names and ten is large enough for phenomenological studies such as this one. The names were analysed against the nine analytical criteria of literary etymology.
 Findings: Findings reveal novel, informative and interesting nuances behind each name and show that conscious reflection rather than random arbitrariness informs the giving of these names.
 Research Limitation/ Implication: The theoretical framework of literary etymology employed in investigating the names in this study can only be used to analyse descriptive names, like the ones chosen for this study.
 Practical Implications: The importance of this study is that it allows one to acquire relevant information such as the history behind the names, evidence-based reflection, creativity, and comprehension of the deep meanings behind these common everyday fruit names that could be taken as ordinary names with nothing worth discovering. Finally, the study demonstrates that literary etymology can be used to examine common nouns such as fruit names.
 Social Implications: Findings of this study have shown that even everyday words are loaded with meaning and understanding these deeper meanings will improve our social and communicative skills. 
 Originality/Value/ Novelty: This study is but one of the very few that has employed the theory of literary etymology to investigate common names and proves its versatility as a framework to analyse all types of names.

Sprachgebrauch in der mündlichen Unterrichtskommunikation. Eine korpusbasierte Wortschatzanalyse

Abstract Classroom discourse is the central form of conveying knowledge in schools. Currently, the view on language use in schools is strongly influenced by the concept of academic language. Since learners with different language exposure in German face different learning demands, it is necessary to describe the linguistic register that students newly entering this educational setting will encounter. Against this background, an exploratory study is presented which investigates the vocabulary used by teachers and students in whole group discussion based on the data sets available via the Research and Teaching Corpus of Spoken German (FOLK). For this purpose, an operationalization of vocabulary areas is proposed that distinguishes between basic vocabulary which is further differentiated into everyday words and polyvalent words, i. e. words that also occur in academic German, lexical units that go beyond basic vocabulary but are used across subjects, and (subject-)specific vocabulary. While students show an greater use of (subject-)specific (especially nominal) vocabulary units, teachers show an greater use of polyvalent units of the basic vocabulary. The results also suggest differences in terms of the subject matter. The findings provide a first quantitative insight into the lexical characteristics of knowledge-conveying and -representing language use in classroom discourse, thus allowing hypotheses to be drawn about associated linguistic demands and learning opportunities.

텍스트 마이닝 기법을 활용한 대학생 세계이해 논술형 평가 답안의 수행 수준별 특성 분석

This study aims to illustrate how text-mining can be employed to identify key qualities of student performance on essays according to different performance levels. A total of 111 undergraduates’ essays on ‘climate change and transnational cooperation’ were classified into the upper, middle, and lower levels based on scores. The main findings from keyword frequency and network analyses are as follows. First, the contents of frequently used words were different across the performance levels. In the upper-level answers, the frequency of keywords used to analyze conflicts of interest between countries and to suggest cross-border responses using technology was high. In contrast, in the lower-level answers, everyday words often appeared to describe the need to respond to climate crisis. Second, in the upper-level answers, the weighted degree of centrality was similar across keywords, and the connections between keywords were stronger. While in the lower-level answers, the opposites were observed. Third, bigram network analysis was effective at all levels in identifying the structure of detailed discussions of essays. The usefulness and future directions of using text mining to analyze the qualitative difference in the subjects’ performance in essay assessment were discussed.

One teacher educator’s strategies for encouraging reflective practice

Teaching reflective practice to beginning teachers requires significant changes in a teacher educator’s implicit assumptions about how individuals learn to teach. Teaching reflective practice also requires significant changes in a teacher educator’s teaching practices. The familiar teach-them-theory-and-then-let-them-practice approach assumes that learning is complete before practice begins. In contrast, reflective practice in professions involves learning from firsthand experience and recognizes that the process of learning theory and research is incomplete before personal practice begins. Teaching reflective practice also requires recognizing that terms such asreflectandreflectionare everyday words with multiple meanings and uses and little direct connection toreflective practice. The following argument, grounded in self-study methodology, describes indirect strategies for encouraging reflective practice. These strategies include an extended writing assignment focused on professional learning, teaching how to learn from personal experience, the unrecognized power of listening, and tickets out of class as listening and fostering metacognition. The argument closes with a summary of suggested strategies for encouraging reflective practice by those learning how to teach.

Tracking vocabulary and reading growth in children from lower and higher socioeconomic backgrounds during the transition from primary to secondary education.

We examined the relation between socioeconomic status (SES), vocabulary, and reading in middle childhood, during the transition from primary (elementary) to secondary (high) school. Children (N=279, 163 girls) completed assessments of everyday and curriculum-related vocabulary, (non)word reading, and reading comprehension at five timepoints from age 10 to 13. Piecewise linear mixed-effects models showed significant growth in everyday vocabulary and word reading between every time point. Curriculum vocabulary and reading comprehension showed significant growth during the school year, but not during the summer holidays. There were significant effects of SES on all measures except word reading; yet, SES differences did not widen over time. Our findings motivate targeted reading and vocabulary support for secondary school students from lower SES backgrounds.

Heteronomous rationality and rural protests: Peasants’ perceived egalitarianism in post-taxation China

This study focuses on Chinese peasants’ behavioural logic after the abolition of agricultural taxes in 2006. The everyday words and deeds of the residents of an ordinary village in Gansu Province were observed and interpreted. Their behavioural logic can be conceptualized as ‘heteronomous rationality’, according to which one’s behavioural choice is based on whether one is treated equally and fairly in comparison with others. When deviations from this standard are observed, rural peasants are motivated to protest. This study further examines when and how this Chinese-style peasant egalitarianism was shaped.

Exploring the impression of university students on "Teaching Camp" based on "Free to Learn-Independent Campus" program in developing students' speaking skill

The teaching camp is a program during the pandemic. This study aims to explore the university student's impression of the Teaching Camp program that is expected to challenge the university students to connect between universities and the real world or the world of work. This study applied qualitative descriptive research to summarize specific events experienced by individuals or groups of individuals in everyday words. This research was conducted in the Department of English Education, University of Bosowa, Makassar, Indonesia. Four university students participating in the Teaching Camp program were willing to support this study. There are three steps in qualitative analysis in this study using data reduction, data display, and conclusions, namely, to find out the interview answers that have been given to students, then each answer is analyzed using words and according to student answers. This study found that university students have an important role in implementing the ministry of education and culture program. The role referred to here is that university students are the driving force by providing new innovations in learning and being involved in implementing the learning process by teaching literacy and numeracy. Class 1 of the Teaching Camp program enables university students to have an academic and social experience while serving as education facilitators in suburban areas. With so many shortcomings, it is hoped that this first-class Teaching Camp program will become an in-depth evaluation material for the Ministry of Education and Culture and the university.

The Upper Unzha patois ethno-dialect features: timber rafting lexis

Timber floating lexis as an ethnographic dialectal marker of Kostroma patois in the area of the Unzha River is considered in the article. Timber floating industry once had a special importance in these places – it was closely connected with the life of peasants and represented practically the only possible source of their livelihood. This creates a special relationship between the customary lexis of the patois and the timber floating terminology system. On the one hand, everyday words often acquire specific semes, contributing to the core or periphery of the lexico-semantic field of "timber floating"; on the other hand, terminological lexis is firmly embedded in everyday life and acquires non-specialised meanings. Numerous nominations of the agentive and object lexis of the forestry rafting patois of the upper Unzha River are represented in the short stories of Kostroma writer Ivan Kasatkin. Their closeness to the documentary narrative and to the language of the locals allows them to be interpreted as ethnographic feature articles. The contexts of the works help to reveal the meanings of specific linguistic units observable in the conditions of the microregion and united by the theme of logging; they help to reveal their ethnographic semes. Although this lexicon does not differ significantly from the terminological system of other Russian territories, revealing distant linguo-geographical connections even with the Belarusian dialects as well, it has peculiar features connected with the peculiarities of the historical and cultural development of the region and the type of economy.

Phraseology in a cross-linguistic perspective: A diachronic and corpus-based account

AbstractEnglish exerts great influence on other languages at the lexical level, as seen from extensive borrowing of terminology and everyday words into many languages (i.e. Anglicisms such as swap, blog, etc.). Although much less studied, it is also clear that the “phrasicon” (Granger, Sylviane. 2009. Comment on: learner corpora: A window onto the L2 phrasicon. In Andy Barfield & Henrik Gyllstad (eds.),Researching collocations in another language. multiple interpretations, 60–65. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan) of a language can similarly be affected by such external influence. This paper investigates “the largely unexplored area of phraseological borrowing” (Fielder, Sabine (2017) Phraseological borrowing from English into German: Cultural andpragmatic implications. Journal of Pragmatics 113: 89–102, 90) by introducing the diachronic-contrastive corpus method and exemplifying it with reference to a set of expressions that have been considered the products of language contact between English and Norwegian. I argue that the proposed corpus method can be used efficiently for investigating phraseology across time, for shedding light on the question of whether cross-linguistically parallel structures are the result of borrowing or parallel developments, and – importantly – as a vehicle for rejecting preconceived ideas about a form’s alleged origin in English.

Pedagogical innovations in the formation of academic speech skills

Academic speech skills are rapidly developing following the requirements of modern society. Essential is expressing yourself in English using academic words and terms. Therefore, various innovative technologies are used to inform academic speech skills in teaching English. One of them is teaching English through podcasts. In this article, we have used English podcasts to complement the curriculum as the most effective way to develop academic English speaking skills. The study involved 2 groups of 2nd year students specializing in foreign languages. One group was experimental, and the other was control. Group A, chosen as the experimental group, used podcasts in English to teach English. The learning process in group B, i.e., the control group, was limited to the curriculum. An interview was conducted at the end of the study. As a result of the study, Group A students who used podcasts to teach English developed academic speaking skills; that is, they made academic-level sentences using more academic words and terms. On the other hand, group B students had a good level of English but a low level of academic English. When speaking English, they used everyday English words more often than terms of an academic degree.The method chosen in the study, aimed at developing the skills of academic speech in English, showed a positive result. Students' academic speech skills were developed by watching podcasts in English. Key words:academic speaking skills, podcasts, English , innovation, interviews

Specialised Mathematical English as A Resource of Learning Secondary School Mathematics: A Case Study in L2 Classrooms

Perhaps more than any other subject, teaching and learning mathematics depends on language. Mathematics is about relationships: relation between numbers, categories, geometric forms, variables and so on. In general, these relationships are abstract in nature and can only be realized and articulated through language. Even mathematical symbols must be interpreted linguistically. Thus, while mathematics is often seen as language free, in many ways learning mathematics fundamentally depends on language. For students still developing their proficiency in the language instruction, the challenge is considerable. Indeed research has shown that while many second speakers of English (L2) students are quickly able to develop a basic level of conversational English it takes several years do develop more specialised mathematical English. This paper reports findings of a study whose part of the objectives investigated how students construe specialised mathematical meanings from everyday words to express conceptual understanding of mathematics. The study employed multiple-case study design in three categories of schools, that is, Sub-County School (SCS), County School (CS) and Extra-County School (ECS). Data were collected by questionnaires, classroom observations and interviews. Findings indicate that students had challenges in interpreting mathematical meanings of ordinary vocabulary used in mathematics curriculum-they stated ordinary meanings of words instead of mathematical meanings. The paper recommends integration of mathematical language as a strand in the curriculum of mathematics in secondary schools in L2 context to assist learners attain conceptual understanding of mathematics.

Buffoonery in the Speech of the Character and the Issue of Historical Form in the Novel The Winter of Our Discontent by J. Steinbeck

The intention is to explain some aspects of hybridization of language consciousness in this literary work. The aim of the study is to clarify the issue of a word in the novel, which was updated by M.M. Bakhtin. The general thesis is that the tendency to hybridization explains the juxtaposition of serious and funny within the characters utterance: the border between prosaic reality and the characters own world is found precisely when he turns to jokes. The speech of the character indicates a tendency to aestheticize the household environment. This trend leads to a high-intensity hybridization of everyday words and Holy Scripture . The novel The Winter of Our Discontent is more than a didactic literary work and reveals some features of the picaresque novel, but the necessary feature of the picaresque novel is the first-person narrative. Instead of this form of narration the character and the narrators points of view are brought closer together in the novel by J. Steinbeck. The literary work with the features of the picaresque novel remains multidimensional and does not reduce only to one of the existing novel forms, and typologically is rather anti-picaresque. The characters buffoonery gives him the right to detachment, due to which the skewed nature of other characters in the novel is overcome. The language hybridization in this work plays a key role in understanding of the novel.