Functioning In Everyday Life Research Articles

Use of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in the treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - review

Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common health issue of complex etiology significantly deteriorating functioning in everyday life. It may develop as a result of exposure to traumatic events like traffic accidents, war experience, sexual abuse and domestic violence. Current methods of treatment consist of trauma-oriented psychotherapy supported by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Their efficacy is far from satisfactory thus a search for alternative methods is necessary. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) commonly known as “ecstasy” seems to have promising results in the treatment of PTSD. Aim of study: Review of current knowledge about MDMA-assisted therapy in PTSD, its possible mechanisms of action, efficacy and safety. Methods and materials: A review of chosen literature from in PubMed database, GoogleScholar database in the years 2000-2023 was conducted using the following keywords:“PTSD epidemiology”, “PTSD pathophysiology”, “PTSD neural activity”, “PTSD brain activity”, “MDMA PTSD”, “MDMA brain activity”, “MDMA neural activity”, “MDMA neurotoxicity”, “MDMA PTSD therapy”, “MDMA safety”, “MDMA caffeine” Results: MDMA-assisted therapy has promising effects in PTSD treatment and its safety profile is satisfactory. The improvement in symptoms occurs most likely due to its modulating activity on brain structures responsible for threat detection and emotion processing.Conclusions: Further research is necessary to assess MDMA-assisted therapy in PTSD, especially direct comparison of its efficacy versus first-line treatment SSRIs and assessment of its long-term-safety.

Life after paediatric brain tumour; the perspectives of the survivors and their parents.

To explore how long-term and late effects of paediatric brain tumours influence the everyday lives of survivors at various ages and their parents. A qualitative interview study using reflexive thematic analysis. We conducted individual interviews and focus groups with 14 paediatric brain tumour survivors aged 9-52 years and 16 parents, which were audiorecorded and transcribed. We inductively analyzed the data using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis. Inductively derived themes were then mapped onto the components of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework to examine the survivors' everyday functioning. All survivors experienced ongoing long-term and late effects but with considerable variations in how these restricted the survivors' functioning and thus their ability to participate in everyday life activities (e.g. social, educational and work activities). All survivors expressed an explicit focus on and use of different strategies to manage their perceived functional limitations and participation restrictions. Many survivors expressed discrepancies between their own goals, expectations and actual abilities post-cancer; making them very aware of their limitations. In addition, many survivors and parents experienced ongoing concerns about the survivors' future, including the risk of late effects, relapse or other complications. A wide range of long-term and late effects continue to affect the survivors and their parents' functioning and everyday lives. Their ongoing needs emphasize the importance of comprehensive, life-long follow-up care, as recommended. The complex challenges across the biopsychosocial realms faced by the survivors supports the call for multidisciplinary survivorship care. Nurses are well positioned to lead such care, as they are trained to provide holistic care and thereby support survivors' functioning and activity participation in everyday life. We used the COREQ guidelines when reporting the study. Two user representatives (one young adult PBT survivor and one mother of a PBT survivor) ensured the relevance and quality of the semi-structured interview guides prior to the interviews with the survivors and parents. The guides were sent to the user representatives by mail, and they provided their written feedback by mail to the first author.

Within-person relationships of sleep duration with next-day stress and affect in the daily life of adults with Type-1 diabetes

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to examine the within-person relationships between sleep duration and next-day stress and affect in the daily life of individuals with T1D. MethodsStudy participants were recruited in the Function and Emotion in Everyday Life with Type 1 Diabetes (FEEL-T1D) study. Sleep duration was derived by synthesizing objective (actigraphy) and self-report measures. General and diabetes-specific stress and positive and negative affect were measured using ecological momentary assessment. Multilevel regression was used to examine the within-person relationships between sleep duration and next-day stress and affect. Cross-level interactions were used to explore whether gender and baseline depression and anxiety moderated these within-person relationships. ResultsAdults with T1D (n = 166) completed measurements for 14 days. The average age was 41.0 years, and 91 participants (54.8%) were female. The average sleep duration was 7.3 h (SD = 1.2 h). Longer sleep was significantly associated with lower general stress (p < 0.001) but not diabetes-specific stress (p = 0.18) on the next day. There were significant within-person associations of longer sleep with lower levels on next-day negative affect (overall, p = 0.002, disappoint, p = 0.05; sad, p = 0.05; tense, p < 0.001; upset, p = 0.008; anxious, p = 0.04). There were no significant associations with positive affect. Examination of the interaction effects did not reveal significant differential relationships for men and women and for individuals with and without depression or anxiety at baseline. ConclusionFindings from this study suggest optimizing sleep duration as an important interventional target for better managing general stress and improving daily emotional wellbeing of individuals with T1D.

Virtual reality-based attention training in patients with neurological damage: A pilot study

ABSTRACT Virtual Reality has been shown to be a valid tool to assess cognitive functions in an ecologically valid way. However, evidence regarding its effectiveness as a treatment option for cognitive rehabilitation has been limited. Furthermore, its potential to facilitate the transfer of training effects to patients’ everyday life is still poorly studied. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a VR-based attention training and its transfer to attentional functioning in everyday life. Nineteen inpatients with neurological disorders and attentional deficits underwent daily 30-min VR training sessions over a two-week period. Attentional functions were assessed before and after the training period using several computerized tests, two self-constructed behavioral tasks, and a questionnaire assessing patients’ subjective attentional functioning. Pre-Post-analyses show significant decreases in reaction times in the computerized alertness and selective attention tests. Transfer to the behavioral tasks and self-report data could not be observed. Despite the specificity of the changes, confounding effects cannot entirely be ruled out due to the lack of a control group. Results suggest that training was effective in improving attentional functioning along neuropsychological measures, but did not elicit transfer to an ecologically valid or subjective level. Implications for the future development of VR interventions are discussed.

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Think Pair Share (TPS) Pada Materi Pengukuran Panjang Menggunakan Satuan Tidak Baku Pada Siswa Kelas 1 Di SDN Pasirbitung

Mathematics has a very important function in everyday life, helping humans solve various kinds of problems to meet the needs of life. In studying mathematics, there are four components that a person has, namely collaboration, communication, creative, and critical thinking, or abbreviated as 4C's. Problems related to learning achievement are things that are often experienced by all students. This condition also applies to grade 1 students of SDN Pasirbitung in mathematics subjects. Then, the Think Pair Share model was chosen to help students understand mathematics more easily. The Think Pair Share model is cooperative learning that prioritizes the process of cooperation in thinking and interacting in solving a problem. This learning model has been proven to improve student achievement. This study used the Classroom Action Research method. Broadly speaking, there are four stages that must be passed to conduct research with class action research methods, namely: Planning, Implementation, Observation, Reflection.

708-P: Within-Person Relationships of Sleep Duration with Next-Day Stress and Affect in the Daily Life of Adults with Type 1 Diabetes

Introduction: Daily short sleep duration may negatively impact individuals with type 1 diabetes’ (T1D) ability to manage emotional well-being and to cope with daily stressors. Nevertheless, existing research is limited and mostly focused on between-person differences rather than impact of fluctuations in sleep duration on individuals. Methods: Participants in the Function and Emotion in Everyday Life with Type 1 Diabetes (FEEL-T1D) study completed 14 days of intensive longitudinal data collection. Sleep duration was derived by synthesizing objective (actigraphy) and self-report measures. General and diabetes-specific stress, positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA) were measured via ecological momentary assessment (5-6 times per day at 3-hr intervals). Multilevel regression was used to examine within-person relationships between sleep duration and next-day stress and affect. Cross-level interactions were used to explore whether gender and baseline depression and anxiety moderated these relationships. Results: Adults with T1D (N=166) with at least 7 days of complete data were analyzed. Participants were 41.0 years, and 54.8% female. Average sleep duration was 7.3 hours (SD=1.2). Longer sleep was significantly associated with lower general stress (p&amp;lt;0.001) but not diabetes-specific stress (p=0.18) on the next day. Longer sleep was related to lower levels on all next-day NA (overall, p=0.002; disappointed, p=0.05; sad, p=0.05; tense, p&amp;lt;0.001; upset, p=0.008; anxious, p=0.04). There were no significant associations with PA (all p&amp;gt;0.05). Examination of interaction effects did not reveal significant differential relationships by gender, depression or anxiety. Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest optimizing sleep duration as an important intervention target for better managing stress and improving daily emotional wellbeing of individuals with T1D. Disclosure H.Jin: None. J.S.Gonzalez: Consultant; Virta Health Corp. E.Pyatak: Research Support; Abbott Diabetes. S.Schneider: None. C.J.Hoogendoorn: None. R.Hernandez: None. P.Lee: None. D.Spruijt-metz: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (1R01DK121298)

641-P: Diabetes Distress and Blood Glucose in the Function and Emotion in Everyday Life with Type 1 Diabetes (FEEL-T1D) Study—Which Comes First, the Chicken or the Egg?

Introduction: Diabetes Distress (DD) has been consistently linked with suboptimal blood glucose in T1D. However, prior studies have rarely used methods that can adequately evaluate the directionality of this relationship. This study paired ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to examine the relative strength of lagged effects of blood glucose (BG) on DD and vice versa. Methods: FEEL-T1D participants (N=182, 40±14 yrs, 54% women, 41% Latino, 29% White, 15% Black) wore blinded CGM for 10-14 days and completed 5-6 smartphone EMA surveys per day. Using multilevel cross-lagged panel modeling, we evaluated within-person lagged effects from momentary ratings of DD (scale: 0-100) to various BG metrics (BG average, Time in Range [TIR, 70-180 mg/dL], % time 181-250 mg/dL, % time &amp;gt; 250 mg/dL, % time 54-69 mg/dL, % time &amp;lt;54 mg/dL, and coefficient of variation [CV]) over the subsequent 3 hours and between 3 hours of BG metrics and subsequent DD ratings. Results: Unstandardized within-person parameter estimates and 95% confidence intervals for lagged effects of BG on subsequent DD ratings were significant for average BG (0.01; 0.01, 0.02), TIR (−0.01; −0.02, −0.004), % time 181-250 mg/dL (0.01; 0.001, 0.02), and % time &amp;gt; 250 mg/dL (0.02; 0.01, 0.04), but not for CV or % time in low BG; as expected, higher BG predicted subsequently higher DD. Lagged effects of DD ratings on subsequent 3-hour BG metrics were only significant for % time 54-69 mg/dL (−0.02; −0.04, −0.002); unexpectedly, DD was predictive of less % time with low BG. Conclusion: These novel findings reveal that the experience of DD is significantly influenced by preceding suboptimal BG levels, particularly high BG, even when individuals are blinded to their BG values. Results suggest that interventions that improve BG levels may reduce DD but do not support the hypothesis that reductions in DD will conversely lead to improvements in BG. Disclosure J.S.Gonzalez: Consultant; Virta Health Corp. P.Lee: None. S.Schneider: None. E.Pyatak: Research Support; Abbott Diabetes. R.Hernandez: None. D.Spruijt-metz: None. C.J.Hoogendoorn: None. G.Crespo-ramos: None. S.Agarwal: Advisory Panel; Medtronic, Consultant; Beta Bionics, Inc., Research Support; Abbott Diabetes, Dexcom, Inc. J.P.Crandall: Research Support; Abbott Diabetes. A.L.Peters: Advisory Panel; Abbott Diabetes, Medscape, Novo Nordisk, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Zealand Pharma A/S, Research Support; Abbott Diabetes, Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Stock/Shareholder; Omada Health, Inc., Livongo. L.T.Pham: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (R01DK121298, P30DK111022)

684-P: Momentary, Daily, and Long-Term Impacts of Diabetes on Daily Activities—The Function and Emotion in Everyday Life with Type 1 Diabetes (FEEL-T1D) Study

Introduction: While it is widely recognized that T1D can interfere with daily activities, the extent and impact of these disruptions are poorly understood. Using FEEL-T1D study data, we examined how T1D interfered with daily activities, and the association between activity disruptions, illness intrusiveness, and diabetes-related quality of life (DQoL). Methods: FEEL-T1D prompted 14 days of surveys via smartphone at 3-hr intervals 5-6x/day. At each survey, participants indicated what activity they were doing, their activity performance and satisfaction, and whether/how T1D interfered with the activity. At end-of-day, they noted activities they could not do due to T1D. At study end, participants completed the T1D and Life (T1DAL) measure of DQoL and Adapted Illness Intrusiveness Rating Scale (AIIRS). Descriptive statistics and multilevel regressions were used to identify daily activity disruptions and their associations with DQoL and illness intrusiveness. Results: Overall, 190 participants (40±14 yrs old, 54% female, 29% White, 40% Hispanic/Latinx, 31% other) completed 14,387 momentary surveys, of which 12.1% indicated activity disruptions, most often personal care (16.1% disrupted), sleep (14.6%), and housework/errands (13.4%). Participants were unable to do desired activities due to T1D on 8.2% of days, most often housework/errands (3.8% of days), work/school, personal care, and leisure (2.6% for each). Performance and satisfaction were poorer for disrupted vs. non-disrupted activities (p&amp;lt;.0001). Those with more activity disruptions had greater illness intrusiveness (p&amp;lt;.0001) and lower DQoL (p&amp;lt;.0001). Discussion: T1D-related activity disruptions are common and associated with poorer activity performance/satisfaction, more illness intrusiveness, and lower DQoL. Validating the impact of T1D on daily activities, and seeking strategies to minimize this impact, may improve QoL for adults with T1D. Disclosure E.Pyatak: Research Support; Abbott Diabetes. G.Crespo-ramos: None. R.Hernandez: None. L.T.Pham: None. J.S.Gonzalez: Consultant; Virta Health Corp. D.Spruijt-metz: None. P.Lee: None. S.Schneider: None. A.L.Peters: Advisory Panel; Abbott Diabetes, Medscape, Novo Nordisk, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Zealand Pharma A/S, Research Support; Abbott Diabetes, Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Stock/Shareholder; Omada Health, Inc., Livongo. J.P.Crandall: Research Support; Abbott Diabetes. S.Agarwal: Advisory Panel; Medtronic, Consultant; Beta Bionics, Inc., Research Support; Abbott Diabetes, Dexcom, Inc. H.Jin: None. C.J.Hoogendoorn: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (1R01DK121298)

Dialectics and Ideology in Dickens’ Dombey and Son: Reification of the Mental Content

The paper, relying on Marxist and Lacanian psychoanalytic theories, fosters several ways to apprehend non-mimetic characterization in Dickens’ Dombey and Son by theorizing the ways in which aesthetic, political, historical ideologies articulate themselves in means of representation. Since the influence of the visual arts on the novel is central for my argument, this paper attempts to give substantial critical consideration to Dickens’ representation of images and their double meaning that help understand social ideological relations in the bourgeois society. Visual representation, as a metaphor for the role of materiality in characterization throughout Dickens’ work and the role of fetishes, depicts the reification of the subject under capitalism. Visualization technique captures the flux of shaping characters and their function in everyday life. This aesthetic technique has led to reevaluation of Dickens’s use of visuals as a unique feature in fiction of the highest quality. Hence, representations of the inward life in fiction are merely linguistic approximations of something which cannot be wholly captured in language.

Dissociation of Cognitive Effort–Based Decision Making and Its Associations With Symptoms, Cognition, and Everyday Life Function Across Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Depression

BackgroundAnhedonia and amotivation are symptoms of many different mental health disorders that are frequently associated with functional disability, but it is not clear whether the same processes contribute to motivational impairments across disorders. This study focused on one possible factor, the willingness to exert cognitive effort, referred to as cognitive effort–cost decision making. MethodsWe examined performance on the deck choice task as a measure of cognitive effort–cost decision making, in which people choose to complete an easy task for a small monetary reward or a harder task for larger rewards, in 5 groups: healthy control (n = 80), schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (n = 50), bipolar disorder with psychosis (n = 58), current major depression (n = 60), and past major depression (n = 51). We examined cognitive effort–cost decision making in relation to clinician and self-reported motivation symptoms, working memory and cognitive control performance, and life function measured by ecological momentary assessment and passive sensing. ResultsWe found a significant diagnostic group × reward interaction (F8,588 = 4.37, p < .001, ηp2 = 0.056). Compared with the healthy control group, the schizophrenia/schizoaffective and bipolar disorder groups, but not the current or past major depressive disorder groups, showed a reduced willingness to exert effort at the higher reward values. In the schizophrenia/schizoaffective and bipolar disorder groups, but not the major depressive disorder groups, reduced willingness to exert cognitive effort for higher rewards was associated with greater clinician-rated motivation impairments, worse working memory and cognitive control performance, and less engagement in goal-directed activities measured by ecological momentary assessment. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the mechanisms contributing to motivational impairments differ among individuals with psychosis spectrum disorders versus depression.

Maladaptive task-unrelated thoughts: Self-control failure or avoidant behavior? Preliminary evidence from an experience sampling study.

Task-unrelated thoughts (TUT) play an important role in everyday life functioning (e.g., anticipating the future, or providing a mental break). However, TUT might also be maladaptive, impairing cognitive performance emotion regulation, and increasing the risk of psychological disorders. In the present study, we aimed to test how self-reported control over TUT and task valence moderate the link between task difficulty and TUT intensity, testing the context regulation and avoidant alternative hypotheses of TUT occurrence. Forty-nine participants took part in an experience sampling study. They were asked to answer five times a day for 5 days a series of questions assessing the intensity, valence, control over TUT, and their momentary affect along with characteristics of the task they were currently performing. They also filled in trait questionnaires assessing their tendency to daydream, ruminate, and their beliefs on emotions' usefulness and controllability. The results showed that both task difficulty and one's lower control over thoughts along with their interaction significantly increased TUT intensity. Task negative valence significantly predicted TUT intensity and moderated the link between task difficulty and TUT intensity. In addition, the tendency to daydream and beliefs in the controllability of negative emotions affect the relations in this model. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to provide quantitative evidence from an experience sampling study on the role of the valence of currently performed tasks and beliefs on emotions on TUT intensity. It might be an important indication for research and clinical practice that maladaptive TUT might not be only linked to self-control failure but also to emotion regulation strategies one is using.

Use of Methylphenidate to Improve Cognition in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

IntroductionMethylphenidate (MPH) is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and has shown unique benefits in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In addition to improving attention, hyperactivity, and repetitive movement, it also improves cognition in ASD. Our focus is to explore the understudied benefits and safety of methylphenidate use for cognition in ASD children.Objectives1) To study the response and benefit of methylphenidate in autistic kids to improve cognition and life function.2) To assess the safety profile and risks of using methylphenidate at different doses in children with autism as a guiding tool for prescribing physicians.MethodsA literature search was conducted using relevant medical subject headings (MeSH) terms in PubMed, Medline, and PubMed Central. We identified all published articles from inception until September 30, 2022. Initial search results found 41 studies, of which 15 were excluded as they did not meet inclusion and exclusion criteria. After a thorough full-text review, we included 5 studies in our final qualitative synthesis review.ResultsMethylphenidate was found to have the unique benefit of increasing cognitive processing speed, thus improving everyday life function in ASD and ADHD children compared with only ADHD, with a clinical significance of p&lt;0.001. Stimulants may improve the processing of social situations and interactions or social functions due to this unique response (Peled, J et al. Nordic journal of psychiatry 2020; 74(3), 163–167) A clinically significant performance gain on cognitive tasks was identified with a linear dose-response at three different doses (10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg) of methylphenidate. ASD children with ADHD made significantly fewer omission errors, [F(3,69) = 7.21, p &lt; 0.001], and commission errors [F(3,69) = 4.64, p = 0.005] on MPH, compared to placebo. They also showed more response at higher MPH doses, [F(3,69) = 10.45, p &lt; 0.001]. Thus, the children were faster, more accurate, and had fewer errors at higher MPH doses (Pearson, D. A. et al. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology 2020; 30(7), 414–426). There were no serious side effects or suicidality reported for low dose and a medium dose of MPH in ASD children assessed with Response Impressions and Side Effects Checklist-Kids (RISC-K), A 38-item parent rating scale (Kim, S. J. et al. Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2017; 47(8), 2307–2313).ConclusionsThe findings support the positive response of methylphenidate on cognitive function in ASD children. No serious adverse effects or suicidality were noted. Multi-center well-designed studies are recommended to determine further efficacy and safety of MPH in ASD children for cognition.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Intelligence and Executive Functions: A Comprehensive Assessment of Intellectually Gifted Children.

Executive functions (EFs) play a key role in cognitive and behavioral functioning. Their multiple forms and implications for daily life behaviors mean they are sometimes equated with intelligence. Several elements even suggest that intellectually gifted children (IGC) may present better executive functioning than typical developing children (TDC, children with intelligence in the average range). However, no study has ever completely tested this hypothesis by a comprehensive assessment of EFs in IGC. Results of 30 IGC and 35 TDC aged from 6 to 16years old were compared through a comprehensive assessment of EFs (inhibition, flexibility, and planning), comprising performance-based and daily life measures. IGC did not differ from TDC in EF performance-based measures. However, they scored higher in parents' and some teachers' ratings, suggesting higher indicators of difficulties in daily life. Contrary to expectations, high intellectual level does not appear to be associated with superior EFs. Surprisingly, parents and teachers of IGC reported more complaints about their executive functioning in everyday life. We put forward different hypotheses to explain this contrast. Further research is needed to better understand this phenomenon, in which neuropsychology has a fundamental role to play.

A seven-year longitudinal study of the association between neurocognitive function and basic self-disorders in schizophrenia.

Basic self-disorders (SDs) and neurocognitive impairments are fundamental trait-like aspects of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. There has been little research on the association between SDs and neurocognitive impairments in schizophrenia, and no longitudinal studies have investigated if they are related. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between SDs and neurocognitive function in a follow-up study of patients with schizophrenia. SDs and neurocognition were examined in 35 patients with schizophrenia during their first treatment and 7 years later (mean 7.1, SD 0.42). SDs were examined with the Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE) instrument. The neurocognitive examination included assessments of psychomotor speed, executive- and memory functions. Poorer executive functions at baseline were significantly associated with more SDs 7 years later and smaller reductions in SDs over time. There were no significant associations between other neurocognitive functions and SDs. Executive functions are important for self-regulation, and impairments in these functions in everyday life may have an impact on the development and/or persistence of SDs.

Special Consultation Hour for Patients with Cancer-Related Fatigue: Study Protocol of an Observational Study of a Nationwide Health Care Structure by the Bavarian Cancer Society (BKG) in Bavaria

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a burdensome condition of persistent tiredness, weakness, and lack of energy on physical, emotional, and cognitive level. CRF occurs in the context of cancer and/or its therapy and correlates with limitations in everyday life functioning, quality of life, and survival time. Up to now, medical care in Germany is inadequate. German wide institutions are lacking, which are specialised in identifying treatable factors influencing CRF as well as in counselling of adequate, evidence-based treatments. Since 2013, the Bavarian Cancer Society (BCS) implemented a nationwide health care structure with ten psychosocial cancer counselling centers in Bavaria. At these locations, the BCS offers for cancer patients with CRF special consultation hours with well-founded diagnostic and guidance. During the conception and further development of the consultation hour, all relevant guidelines have been considered. All consultation hours are directed by physicians with oncological and psycho-oncological experience. All of them took part in an extensive CRF training. The aim of this prospective, multicentre, observational study is the evaluation of the actual state of the TF-consultation including the analyses of offer and need for TF-consultation hours, of patient-reported TF before TF-consultation and ten weeks later, of realization of the recommended interventions to reduce TF as well as the analysis of strengths and potentials for improvement of the current system. The results will help to implement a German wide care structure.

Piętno technologii – nomofobia i FoMO jako przykłady lęków współczesnej młodzieży

There is no doubt that new technologies are the hallmark of modern times. For young people, the digital world is a natural environment for their functioning in everyday life. Smartphones and social media accompany them almost everywhere. Many of them, following their idols, not only like and comment on what others do, but also create their own image online. This often leads them to lose themselves in what they are doing, and when, for some reason, there is no access to a device or SNS, it results in their anxiety and stress. The ongoing pandemic has, in a way, “forced” many of us to have more contact with new technologies. Sitting in front of a computer/smartphone for hours, while studying/working remotely is not without its consequences on physical as well as mental health. There are two increasingly common fears, among the results of the excessive use of smartphones and e.g. social media (mainly used by young people), related to the use of new technologies: nomophobia and FoMO. The former is a kind of separation anxiety related to not having access to a mobile phone. The second one is characterised by people who use social media without restraint, when they cannot check what is happening on their favourite platforms. The aim of this article is to present the characteristics of both phenomena, the means of diagnosis and the results of national and international research showing their scale.

The functions of everyday life in the story of Y. Trifonov “Exchange” and ways of depicting it

This article proceeds from the fact that the function of everyday life in the work of Yu.V. Trifonov is determined by insufficient study, as well as the category of everyday detail itself: both in linguistic and literary works, there is a noticeable vagueness in terminology, in determining the specifics and boundaries of the detail. In linguistics, there are fluctuations from understanding a detail as a microelement of a work to including several sentences or an entire paragraph in it (the criterion is relative semantic completeness) and isolating a smaller element from the detail a detailed moment. Trifonov is scrupulous in describing the flesh of time: the appearance of household items, prices, portable items, apartment layouts. All people's connections are explicated through their life history. The author is alien to arbitrariness, the so-called artistic experiment. Trifonov's prose grows out of a memoir, a documentary testimony of an ordinary person living in history. For Trifonov, history is a closely woven network of such memoirs. Every little thing of life in Trifonov's art world is universal and multifunctional. Trifonov's multidirectional aspirations of the heroes are crossed on things; the thing checks the hero and organizes the plot. The dominant function of checking the hero enlarges the thing, gives it the status of a moral and philosophical key to the personality of the character, revealing his hidden moral potential or, on the contrary, depriving the hero of the mask of an intellectual. Thus, everyday detail, the particularity of human life, inconspicuous and at first glance insignificant, helps Trifonov to open the framework of the narrative and discover metaphysical depth in the structure of everyday life. Many critics have noted the fact that Trifonov's works are filled with everyday details, but their functions have still not been sufficiently considered.

Individual patterns of problems with participation, activity, body function and environment in everyday life for children who completed brain tumor treatment

Purpose The study purpose was to, with the help of ICF and the CPS model, describe and explain patterns of co-occurring problems with participation in everyday life activities, body functioning and environment for children who completed brain tumor treatment. Materials and methods Hospital, habilitation and school records for nine children (5–11 yrs.) diagnosed with brain tumor, were retrospectively reviewed for everyday problems after treatment completion. These problems were linked to ICF codes. Median code distribution within ICF constructs participation, body function, body structure, activity, and environment were calculated to generate typical (close to median) and atypical (distant from median) patterns of problems on individual and group levels. Two children were in-depth analyzed with collaborative problem-solving (CPS) model to identify participation problems and plausible explanations. Results In total, 4543 ICF linked codes revealed similarities and differences between individuals. The selected child-cases displayed educational challenges and peer-relational problems. The ICF codes related to activity, body function and environment revealed plausible explanations for the children’s documented problems with participation in everyday life. Conclusions The combination of ICF and CPS can provide a comprehensive view of the child’s problems and guide development of participation in everyday life-focused interventions for children treated for brain tumors. Implications for rehabilitation Care should be guided by interventions and support directed at individual children and their everyday life. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework can support identification of the individual child’s patterns of problems and how these affects the child’s everyday life. It is recommended to start by identifying participation problems when using ICF to identify and describe problems in children’s natural settings. The collaborative problem-solving model can guide healthcare, habilitation and school services when identifying and acting on typical and atypical problem patterns experienced by these children.

Kessler Foundation Strategy-Based Training to Enhance Memory (KF-STEM™): Study protocol for a single site double-blind randomized, clinical trial in Multiple Sclerosis

New learning and memory impairments are common in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and negatively impact everyday life, including occupational and social functioning. Despite the demand for learning and memory treatments, few cognitive rehabilitation protocols are supported by Class I research evidence, limiting the degree to which effective treatments may be utilized with persons with MS. The present double-blind, placebo controlled randomized clinical trial (RCT) examines the efficacy of an 8-session cognitive rehabilitation protocol encompassing training in the application of three strategies with the strongest empirical evidence (self-generation, spaced learning and retrieval practice) to treat impaired learning and memory in persons with MS, Kessler Foundation Strategy-based Training to Enhance Memory (KF-STEM™).A sample of 120 participants with clinically definite MS who have impairments in new learning and memory will be enrolled. Outcomes will be assessed via three mechanisms, an Assessment of Global Functioning, which examines everyday functioning and quality of life, a Neuropsychological Evaluation to examine objective cognitive performance, and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to examine the impact of treatment on patterns of cerebral activation. We will additionally evaluate the longer-term efficacy of KF-STEM™ on everyday functioning and neuropsychological assessment through a 6-month follow-up evaluation and evaluate the impact of booster sessions in maintaining the treatment effect over time. The methodologically rigorous design of the current study will provide Class I evidence for the KF-STEM™ treatment protocol for persons with MS.

Implications of movement rehabilitation on the quality of life after brainsuses

Introduction: Quality of life is a broad term that covers all functional areas of a stroke patient. Quality of life is primarily determined by the consequences of brain damage, but also by other factors such as age, gender, body weight and time since the stroke. Stroke is the leading cause of disability in adults and the third leading cause of death. Because of its effects, it is one of the most serious diseases of the nervous system. Most frequently affected are people who work in different social roles in their working environment. Worldwide, there are more than 55 million survivors of a stroke, half of whom have a significant impact on the continued functioning of daily life. Material and methods : The data show that 100% of respondents have had a stroke, which means they are able to make more accurate statements about rehabilitation problems. Stroke occurred in up to one in 10% of respondents. between one and three years in 15%, between three and five years in 55% of the population studied. Over five years at 20%. The participants are people who have undergone rehabilitation shortly after a stroke and some have it to this day. Results: According to the respondents in this study, the improvement in social role competence was very strong – 7%, large – 18%, medium – 44%, small – 18%, none – 13%. At the same time, it was found that rehabilitation restored the lost functions of everyday life to the interviewees with a high degree – 60%, average – 27%, low – 13%. Rehabilitation should be an integral part of the treatment in order to adapt to the needs of the patient. In order to achieve a significant improvement, it is important to carry out the therapy systematically and for longer. These measures are taken to restore maximum or full performance, but this is not always possible. Much depends on the age of the patient, the previous and current diseases, the changes after the stroke, and the frequency and duration of rehabilitation. In summary, stroke rehabilitation is very important – it not only protects life and reduces the risk of death, but also guarantees an improvement in the quality of life. Conclusions: Research results clearly show that rehabilitation after a stroke is very important to restore health and well-being while increasing mobility at the same time. However, respondents differed from each other, which means that it is difficult to fully compare the results. Age, the consequences of a stroke and the time after rehabilitation after a stroke have certainly influenced this.