Everyday Events Research Articles

This Is an Eventful Era: Exploring Event-Oriented Approaches to Organizational Research

This special issue explores the transformative role of discrete events in fostering changes at different organizational levels, challenging traditional feature-oriented approaches that focus on stable attributes of individuals, groups, and organizations. Joining the growing body of event-oriented research in diverse settings, the nine published articles evoke a novel theoretical lens (i.e., Event System Theory) to examine a number of discrete events (e.g., everyday change events, organizational downsizing, merger, corporate scandal, technology implementation, the U.S.–China trade war, the Black Lives Matter movement). Their findings demonstrate the interesting ways discrete events disrupt routines, prompt adaptation, and impact individual and collective behaviors across various levels within organizations. Our further analysis underscores the importance of adopting an event-oriented perspective for a better understanding of management issues, offering new insights and directions for future research. We hope this special issue provides a robust foundation for integrating event-centric research approaches into organizational theory, emphasizing the need for continued empirical investigation and theoretical refinement in a variety of management research domains, such as strategic management, organizational behavior, entrepreneurship, and human resource management.

The return of the uncanny: artificial intelligence and estranged futures

Although often considered to be a fault or a glitch in the system, the event of hallucination is integral to models of image-processing regularly employed by artificial intelligence (AI). Evoking an inhuman logic, the works in Trevor Paglen’s Adversarially Evolved Hallucinations series (2017–ongoing) render this hallucinatory space visible and open it up to investigation from within these systems. Produced by a generative adversarial network (GAN), the project reveals an uncanny domain of image production that raises significant misgivings about the routine use of generative AI (GenAI) in tasks associated with facial recognition and video surveillance. Through exploring the issues raised by Paglen in this work, the following essay enquires into questions related to machinic vision and AI more broadly. Through training neural networks – such as those employed in a GAN – to see the world for us, are we, to begin with, priming and instructing ourselves to see more like machines? What, furthermore, will happen when these inhuman, hallucinatory models of ‘seeing’ and processing the world supersede – in part or wholly – the sphere of human vision, not least in the adjacent fields of surveillance and contemporary models of automated warfare? Will these post-ocular models of seeing – which already determine, if not over-determine, our relationship to the world – become in turn entirely unaccountable, if not completely unfathomable, guidelines for defining normative and, more worryingly, non-normative behaviour patterns and everyday events. If, finally, AI models of image-processing replace ocular-centric ways of seeing, will these models have the capacity to further estrange, if not profoundly alienate, us from the world and our responsibility for the future impact and prejudicial potential of such images?

Analysis of students' mathematical communication skills in terms of learning styles

The purpose of this research is to obtain a description of the mathematical communication skills in terms of the learning styles of Grade XI TKR 3 students at SMK Negeri 1 Tanara for the 2023-2024 academic year. This research is qualitative in nature. Six subjects were selected, representing each learning style, from Grade XI TKR 3 students at SMK Negeri 1 Tanara, Tanara District, Serang Regency. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, documentation, and tests based on the indicators of mathematical communication skills, namely: (1) the ability to express mathematical symbols through everyday events, (2) the ability to determine the solution set by relating real objects to mathematical ideas, (3) the ability to explain mathematical problems related to elimination, (4) the ability to analyze mathematical problems related to substitution, and (5) the ability to evaluate mathematical thinking and strategies used in problems according to the observed object. The results showed that (1) subjects with a visual learning style have good mathematical concept comprehension on indicators 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; (2) subjects with an auditory learning style have good mathematical communication on indicators 1, 2, and 5, but performed poorly on indicators 3 and 4; and (3) subjects with a kinesthetic learning style have good mathematical communication skills on indicators 1 and 2, but performed poorly on indicators 3, 4, and 5.

Hyper-Binding: Older Adults Form Too Many Associations, Not Too Few

Associative memory declines with age, and this decline is thought to stem from a decreased ability to form new associations or bind information together. However, a growing body of work suggests that (a) the binding process itself remains relatively intact with age when tested implicitly and (b) older adults form excessive associations (or “hyper-bind”) because of a decreased ability to control attention. In this article, we review evidence for the hyper-binding hypothesis. This work shows that older adults form more nontarget associations than younger adults, which leads to increased interference at retrieval and forgetting, an effect that may extend to others with poor attentional control, such as children and people with attention-deficit disorder. We discuss why hyper-binding is apparent only under implicit test conditions and how it affects memory for everyday events. Although hyper-binding likely contributes to forgetting, it may also confer certain advantages when seemingly irrelevant associations later become relevant.

Attention to event segmentation improves memory in young adults: A lifespan study.

People spontaneously segment an observed everyday activity into discrete, meaningful events, but segmentation can be modified by task goals. Asking young adults to attend to event segmentation while watching movies of everyday actions improved their memory up to 1 month later (Flores et al., 2017). Does attending to event segmentation improve memory across the lifespan? Participants between the ages of 20 and 79 watched movies of actors performing everyday activities while intentionally encoding them for a recall and a recognition memory test 1 week (Experiment 1) or 1 month (Experiment 2) later. In addition to intentionally encoding the movies, half of the participants segmented the movies into fine-grained events. Young adults who segmented recalled more words in their recall responses than those who intentionally encoded 1 week and 1 month later. Middle-aged adults benefited from the intervention after a 1-week delay but not after a 1-month delay. Older adults over the age of 70 did not benefit from attending to segmentation. Of those who segmented, young and older adults showed similar agreement about the locations of event boundaries. Together, the results suggest that older adults are less able, compared to young adults, to maintain or retrieve well-encoded event memories after a delay. In addition, individual differences in segmentation agreement predicted memory up to 1 month later, regardless of age. These results suggest a practical and easy-to-implement intervention for improving recall of everyday events in young and middle-aged adults that is ineffective in older adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

‘Day-dreaming’ school climate: a slow critical feminist post-humanist c/art/ographic listening to how school feels

ABSTRACT This paper becomes a mapping of a PhEmaterialist research project, an apparatus entangled with re/making the world that applauds difference in education. Feeling-thinking-making with critical posthumanist work, we affirm that school climate matters and encourage educators’ attention to the fluxing materiality of school climate created through everyday schooling events. Daydreaming aptly accounted for our slow PhEmaterialist-inspired theoretical work, a transgressing and transversing of conventional conceptions of ‘school climate’, ‘methodology’ and ‘pedagogy’. Our school climate project emerges as an experimental mapping of eventful research, a slow research creation process where we attuned to emergent affirming pedagogical relationalities. Students worked alongside researchers over six weeks at an Australian community school, enacting research creation in the making of school climate. Da(r)ta created include voice recordings, reflective notes, written responses, photographs, narratives, soundscapes, zines, posters, drawings and maps.

“Newsers”: News Repertoires and News Perceptions Among Israeli Youth in the Digital Age

ABSTRACT This study examines Israeli youth’s news consumption habits and perceptions in a fragmented multi-media landscape intertwined in conflictual society. Using Q methodology and in-depth interviews with participants aged 15–18, the research uncovers four distinct cross-media repertoires of news consumers (“newsers”) varying by frequency, content, and platform. Our findings underscore that in the digital era, the definition of “news” has evolved, encompassing not only traditional media but also personal stories and social media updates on current affairs, including everyday life events. Building on existing literature, this research offers insights into the lives of young individuals navigating a rapidly evolving media terrain in a society marked by persistent conflict. The study sheds light on the emerging generation poised to influence Israeli democracy. Understanding their nuanced perception of news can inform content creation strategies to connect with and activate them. Our findings hold broader theoretical, methodological and practical implications for fostering civic engagement and promoting constructive action not only within Israel but also in other nations grappling with political unrest. By leveraging these insights, policymakers, media professionals, and educators can work toward cultivating a more informed and participatory citizenry, thus contributing to the advancement of democracy and social cohesion on a global scale.

The image of Yemelyan Pugachev in Tatar historical folklore

This article examines samples of the Tatars’ non-fairy tale prose, which reflects the historical figure of the popular uprising leader in the Urals and the Volga Region, Yemelyan Pugachev. The author summarizes the popular assessment of the Peasant War leader’s actions, found in the historical tales of the Tatars from the republics of Bashkortostan, Tatarstan and other regions of Russia. Based on the analyzed sources, it is possible to obtain valuable information about those socio-political clashes that have left deep traces in the worldview and psychology of the local population. The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to understand the role of one of the key personalities for the Bashkortostan Tatars, Yemelyan Pugachev, as well as the need to replenish the knowledge about the local history specifics and the national policy of the tsarist government. The object of the study is the Tatar people’s historical tales about uprisings and riots. The subject of the study is the image of Yemelyan Pugachev in Tatar historical tales. The purpose of the work is to identify the features reflecting the image of Yemelyan Pugachev in Tatar tales and the prerequisites that form the basis of the popular assessment of this hero’s deeds. The objectives of the article are to review historical tales about popular uprisings, unrest and riots and their leader, to identify the specifics, reflecting people’s indignation based on the transformation of the dissenter’s image, an opponent of state power in the oral folk art of the Tatars living in various regions of Russia, in particular in the Volga Region and the Urals. The article concludes that despite the strengths and weaknesses of Yemelyan Pugachev’s personality, the people portray him with respect, recognizing his strength and charisma, but they are in no hurry to take the “oath of allegiance”; at the same time, through the description of everyday events, he reveals himself, first of all, as a Person.

The relationship between script memory for everyday events and schizotypy: an investigation through a development of Japanese Situational Feature Recognition Test.

Script memory is stored information about a sequential structure of an activity (e.g., going shopping), including what actors do, the purpose of the activity, and the likely consequences of the actor's actions. It has been reported that script memory is impaired among schizophrenia patients. The present research investigated the relationship between schizotypal personality tendencies (schizotypy) and script memory by testing Japanese individuals. First, a new test to measure the intactness of the script memory was created by asking the public to report activities they often perform and what behaviors each activity contains. The test contains 15 everyday activities, each accompanied by 15 behavior choices, either strongly associated, completely unrelated, or weakly associated with the activity. Next, undergraduate participants were presented with the test and chose appropriate behaviors for each activity (Study 1 and 2). Their extent of schizotypy was measured using Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire Brief (SPQ-B). Study 3 targeted the public of various ages. In addition to Study 2 procedure, participants reported the extent of psychological burden for performing each activity, their life satisfaction, and subjective evaluation of their memory ability. All studies consistently found that the script memory performance was worse for individuals with higher schizotypy. Signal detection indices for accurate discrimination between correct and incorrect choices, which were A' in Study 1 and C in Study 2 and 3, negatively correlated with the SPQ-B scores (r = -0.16, -0.11, -0.17, respectively). Study 3 found that the relationship between schizotypy and memory task performance was mediated by the extent of psychological burden. When a signal detection index (d') for the memory task was regressed on the SPQ-B, while the psychological burden scores being a mediator, the mediation effect was significant (B = 0.003, SE = 0.001, 95% CI [0.001, 0.005]). Individuals with higher schizotypy seem to associate unrelated behaviors to an event, forming script memory with irrelevant information, maybe due to the schizotypy symptom of having peculiar thoughts. The newly created test must be validated using a clinical population to expand its potential to be used in clinical research.

A Literature Review on Holistic Well-Being and Dopamine Fasting: An Integrated Approach.

Popularly known as dopaminergic detox or dopamine fasting, it is a concept that aims at reducing dependence on instant satisfaction gratification and overstimulation to attain mental clarity, lessen anxiety, and be able to enjoy everyday events again. Digital detox has been a part of the dopamine fasting concept for several years now. However, some critics argue that this notion has no scientific proof behind it and may fail to deal with the problem of dopamine dysregulation. Some intense types of dopamine fasting which include extreme isolation or strict dieting can result in damage to mental health as well as physical fitness. The objective of the article is to understand what dopamine fasting means and see the literature and evidence available on the topic. Indexes like PubMed, Scopus, OVID, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched using the keywords to understand the existing knowledge about dopamine fasting. The literature review was then written to incorporate the understanding in a way that can be implemented practically. Recent studies have shown that individuals who engage in dopamine-fasting-like ideologies may experience reduced impulsive behaviors, increased focus on tasks, and reduced overwhelm. However, extreme forms of dopamine fasting can lead to feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and malnutrition, which can have detrimental effects on mental and physical health. Hence, the effects of dopamine fasting can vary greatly among individuals, and there is no one-size-fits-all approach. It is essential to consider individual needs and preferences when incorporating dopamine fasting into one's lifestyle and explore alternative practices that align with the principles of dopamine fasting. Understanding and respecting these differences is crucial in determining the most suitable strategies for maintaining a balanced dopamine response and overall psychological health. The benefits of dopamine fasting can be tremendous if done correctly but it depends on every individual to find the correct way and in the modern day, the practices can become tough to implement.

Accessibility of students through the Technological system in Private Schools

The current era and advancements in technology have facilitated communication, allowing individuals to stay updated about everyday events and maintain contact with their families. Currently, individuals are not facing a shortage of knowledge but rather an abundance of options when it comes to accessing information. In contemporary society, the majority of individuals, including young ones, find it difficult to conceive of a life devoid of the radio, television, telephone, and particularly the Internet. In its most comprehensive form, the mass media aims to disseminate information to a large audience. Our educational system is currently undergoing necessary reforms to keep up with the times. These reforms include updating curricula, programs, and textbooks, as well as incorporating modern teaching methods and technology, particularly electronic media like the Internet and audio-visual tools. These technological resources are essential for both students and teachers to acquire new knowledge in various fields of science and education. The rapid advancement of science and technology has significantly influenced the operations of educational institutions. However, it is important to acknowledge that this growth plays a beneficial role in modern teaching practices. However, recognizing that technological advancements have had detrimental effects on the lives and perspectives of young children, particularly those in early age groups, has sparked my curiosity about the influence of audio-visual mediums like the Internet, radio, and TV on children. My role as a mother and future educator drives this interest, as I consider the impact of these mediums on the education of future generations. Safeguarding the welfare of children is the collective responsibility of society. Therefore, it is imperative that we fulfill this duty diligently, both as members of society and particularly as members of educational institutions, where children receive the fundamental building blocks for their holistic development.

Applying Event System Theory to Organizational Change: The Importance of Everyday Positive and Negative Events

Decades of research have examined how employees experience organizational-level change events (e.g., “the merger”). However, employees can also experience “everyday change events” that occur at the individual-level as the change becomes routinized for their jobs. That is, individuals can react to organizational change events that are occurring at different hierarchical levels. Drawing on event system theory, we argue that employees’ commitment to the organizational-level change event can shape how employees anticipate and experience subsequent everyday change events. These negative and positive everyday change events can impact (a) how employees engage with their work, impacting their performance and (b) whether employees perceive that they are fairly treated, impacting their subsequent evaluations of organizational-level change. Our hypotheses were generally supported in a field sample in which employees were surveyed immediately after a merger was announced, participated in a daily diary study as the merger was implemented, and completed a second survey 2 weeks after the diary study. By applying event system theory to organizational change, we provide important theoretical and practical insights, including how an organizational-level event can exert top-down direct effects by impacting how employees anticipate and experience change on an everyday basis as well as how everyday negative and positive change events can subsequently impact employees’ commitment to the organizational-level change, creating bottom-up direct effects. We also illuminate the importance of considering the frequency and strength of both negative and positive events to understand what it is about everyday negative and positive events that has implications for employees and organizations.

1881, a singularly uneventful year: Everyday death, destruction, and disaster in the Spanish Philippines

While 1880 is remembered in the Philippines for a great earthquake that struck Manila and 1882 for a highly destructive typhoon that caused untold damage, the everyday disasters that happen all too often across the archipelago are soon forgotten. The interest is in the ‘big’ event, and historiography rarely focuses on less spectacular occurrences. 1881 was one such year when ‘nothing really much’ happened. And yet, a closer examination of the archival record reveals 12 months of earthquake, volcanic eruption, typhoon, storm, flood, and fire that afflicted people across the archipelago. These everyday calamities are historically such an integral part of Filipinos’ lives that they have shaped both their histories and their customs. More than the severity of the event, it is the frequency with which people have had to deal with calamity as an everyday event that has engendered socio-economic adaptation and cultural change. By examining the full range of disasters that people in the Philippines faced in 1881, this article examines the significant impact that geophysical and meteorological forces have had in influencing the daily lives of Filipinos in the past as they continue to do so in the present.

THE REFLECTION OF IDEOLOGY AND CONFLICT THEORY ON TV SERIES: SNOWPIERCER SERIES EXAMPLE

TV series, one of the visual arts, can include cultural phenomena of society, representations of power and everyday events. One of the basic points of visual arts is the law of conflict. In order for there to be conflict, each character in the series must have a goal, purpose and ideology. Marx's "false consciousness" discourse and the concept of "ideology", Althusser's grouping of "ideological apparatuses", Gramsci's "consent" and "hegemony" discourses have been a part of ideology criticism. Therefore, ideology and conflict cannot be separated from each other in TV series. The characters in Snowpiercer are directed towards different goals in line with their status differences. For this reason, the aim of the study is to reveal how the conflict and class differences between people in positions of power and individuals in lower class positions develop. The population of the study consists of all the TV series that were screened all over the world after 2010, in which there are indicators related to the concepts of ideology, conflict and power. The reason for choosing Snowpiercer as the study sample is that it is a study in which the concept of ideology, conflict theory, class conflict and elite theory are processed together. This study is important in that ideology, conflict and elite theory take place in the same series and in a single space and emphasize the difference between classes. This study concludes that keeping people with status and class differences in the same space for a certain period of time will lead to interpersonal conflict.

Different components of cognitive-behavioral therapy affect specific cognitive mechanisms.

Psychological therapies are among the most effective treatments for common mental health problems-however, we still know relatively little about how exactly they improve symptoms. Here, we demonstrate the power of combining theory with computational methods to parse effects of different components of cognitive-behavioral therapies onto underlying mechanisms. Specifically, we present data from a series of randomized-controlled experiments testing the effects of brief components of behavioral and cognitive therapies on different cognitive processes, using well-validated behavioral measures and associated computational models. A goal setting intervention, based on behavioral activation therapy activities, reliably and selectively reduced sensitivity to effort when deciding how to act to gain reward. By contrast, a cognitive restructuring intervention, based on cognitive therapy materials, reliably and selectively reduced the tendency to attribute negative everyday events to self-related causes. The effects of each intervention were specific to these respective measures. Our approach provides a basis for beginning to understand how different elements of common psychotherapy programs may work.

The memory trace of an intrusive trauma-analog episode

Intrusive memories are a core symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder. Compared with memories of everyday events, they are characterized by several seemingly contradictory features: intrusive memories contain distinct sensory and emotional details of the traumatic event and can be triggered by various perceptually similar cues, but they are poorly integrated into conceptual memory. Here, we conduct exploratory whole-brain analyses to investigate the neural representations of trauma-analog experiences and how they are reactivated during memory intrusions. We show that trauma-analog movies induce excessive processing and generalized representations in sensory areas but decreased blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses and highly distinct representations in conceptual/semantic areas. Intrusive memories activate generalized representations in sensory areas and reactivate memory traces specific to trauma-analog events in the anterior cingulate cortex. These findings provide the first evidence of how traumatic events could distort memory representations in the human brain, which may form the basis for future confirmatory research on the neural representations of traumatic experiences.

The unexplored territory of aesthetic needs and the development of the Aesthetic Needs Scale.

Human needs, and their fulfillment, are the building blocks of human development, personality, and well-being. However, no published paper in the field of psychology has focused on exploring aesthetic needs. Maslow (1986) gave the topic little more than a paragraph; and Dweck [1], in her elegant Unified Theory of Motivation, Personality, and Development, never mentions aesthetic needs. The aim of this article is to describe developing a scale for measuring the intensity of aesthetic needs. The structure, psychometric properties, and criterion-related validity of the scale were verified with three independent samples (total N = 592). The results of an EFA and two CFAs indicated a three-factor structure: 1) the need to aestheticize everyday life (aesthetic experiences of everyday objects and events unrelated to art, such as the presentation of food or the appearance of a workspace, etc.); 2) the need for contact with aesthetic creations (the arts); 3) the need to aestheticize the built and natural environments (urban spaces, architecture, parks, wild nature, etc.). In addition, our criterion-related convergent validity studies have shown that people with high aesthetic needs are characterized by experiencing more intense experiences in contact with works of art, have higher aesthetic competence in art, are more intensely involved in four forms of beauty, have a higher ability to integrate beauty, a stronger trait gratitude, curiosity about nature, greater sensitivity to disgust, and the need for internal and external stimulation. This scale may prove useful in research on individual differences and the psychology of aesthetics.

Anxiety predicts math achievement in kindergarten children.

Math anxiety (MA) is an academic anxiety about learning, doing, and evaluating mathematics, usually studied in school populations and adults. However, MA likely has its origins before children go to school. For example, studies have shown that general anxiety (GA) for everyday events is less separable from MA in primary than in early secondary school. This suggests that GA may be a precursor of MA. For this reason, here, we have examined whether GA is already associated with math achievement at the end of kindergarten. We tested 488 Hungarian kindergarten children aged 5.7 to 6.9 years (55% girls) and analyzed the effect of GA, sex, and family SES on math achievement in kindergarten children. Strikingly, confirming results from primary school children, we found that GA negatively correlated with math achievement already in this preschool population. Higher GA levels had a stronger negative effect on girls' than boys' math achievement. However, there were no significant sex differences in math achievement in kindergarten. Additionally, family socioeconomic status was the strongest predictor of math achievement. We speculate that high GA in preschool is a plausible early precursor of later high MA. Early interventions could aim to control GA levels before children start formal schooling.

Biden or Trump? Working memory for emotion predicts the ability to forecast future feelings.

Affective forecasting-the ability to predict how different outcomes will make us feel-is a crucial aspect of making optimal decisions. Recent laboratory evidence suggests that working memory for emotion is a basic psychological mechanism underlying forecasting ability: Individual differences in affective working memory predict how accurately people can forecast their future feelings whereas measures of "cognitive" working memory do not. Here, we demonstrate that this selective relationship between affective forecasting and affective working memory generalizes to forecasted feelings about a major real-world event. We report results from a preregistered (online) study (N = 76) demonstrating that affective working memory performance predicted how accurately people anticipate their feelings about the outcome of the 2020 U.S. presidential election. This relationship was specific to affective working memory and was also demonstrated in a description-based forecasting measure with emotionally evocative photographs, replicating previous results. However, neither affective nor cognitive working memory was related to a novel event-based forecasting questionnaire, adapted to compare predicted and experienced feelings to everyday events. Together, these findings advance a mechanistic understanding of affective forecasting and underscore the potential importance of affective working memory in some forms of higher order emotional thought. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Sharenting jako jedno z niebezpieczeństw dla dzieci

Sharenting as one of the dangers for children There are many photos of children in the virtual space. Some of the photos are from professional studio sessions, while others show, for example, everyday events captured with a camera or smartphone. Many such photos are posted by parents. This article characterizes sharenting, which refers to the online publication of material depicting children by their parents. Selected research results on the issue in question, the dangers to children that can result from sharenting, and some kind of recommendations that parents can use are presented.