Everyday Environments Research Articles

Pengaruh Perkembangan Ragam Bahasa terhadap Perkembangan Kognitif Anak di Era 4.0

Several language variations have drawn support and criticism over time. Concerns about the effects on children, especially those related to cognitive and linguistic characteristics, have emerged with the proliferation of children's educational institutions using the Language Variety program. Those opposing these claims say that children will experience speech delay, but some research has produced contradictory findings. The purpose of this literature review is to explore how children participating in the Language Variety program in their school and everyday environment develop cognitively.

Potential of novel zinc-based nanomaterials on the microbial community, antibiotic resistance genes, and DNA replication in animal manure

The existence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) in diverse everyday environments, such as animal agriculture, natural surroundings, and waste products, presents potential threats to both human health and food safety. Herein, metagenomic sequencing technique was employed to investigate the impact of two zinc-based nanoparticles, Graphene Oxide-modified Zinc Oxide (GOnZnO) and Microorganism-mediated Zinc Oxide (Micro-ZnO), on the microbial community, ARGs, and DNA replication. The results showed that both GOnZnO and Micro-ZnO significantly reduced zinc levels in animal manure when compared to the control group of nano zinc oxide (nZnO). The order of ARGs copy numbers was nZnO > GOnZnO > Micro-ZnO, with a significant difference between the GOnZnO and Micro-ZnO groups. Additionally, the expression levels of various DNA replication genes, including DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, dnaB, dnaG, RNeseH, polA, and Lig, were significantly lower in the GOnZnO group compared to the nZnO group. The Micro-ZnO group exhibited even lower expression levels of these genes compared to the GOnZnO group. In contrast, GOnZnO and Micro-ZnO had no significant impact on archaeal DNA replication pathway-related genes. Specifically, the expression of RNASEH1 was significantly higher in the Micro-ZnO group compared to the GOnZnO and nZnO groups. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed changes in ARGs driven by bacterial and eukaryotic DNA replication and microbial community dynamics. However, there was no correlation observed between ARGs and archaeal DNA replication genes. Overall, these findings add to the existing literature regarding the application of GOnZnO and Micro-ZnO as potential agents for reducing ARGs pollution.

Microplastics exposure: implications for human fertility, pregnancy and child health.

Plastics found in our everyday environment are becoming an increasing concern for individual and population-level health, and the extent of exposure and potential toxic effects of these contaminants on numerous human organ systems are becoming clear. Microplastics (MPs), tiny plastic particles, appear to have many of the same biological effects as their plastic precursors and have the compounded effect of potential accumulation in different organs. Recently, microplastic accumulation was observed in the human placenta, raising important questions related to the biological effects of these contaminants on the health of pregnancies and offspring. These concerns are particularly heightened considering the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) framework, which postulates that in utero exposure can programme the lifelong health of the offspring. The current review examines the state of knowledge on this topic and highlights important avenues for future investigation.

Natural-ish behavior: The interplay of culture and context in shaping motor behavior in infancy.

What is natural behavior and how does it differ from laboratory-based behavior? The "natural" in natural behavior implies the everyday, complex, ever-changing, yet predictable environment in which children grow up. "Behavior" is motor action and is foundational to psychology, as it includes all things to function in everyday environments. Is behavior demonstrated in the laboratory un-natural? Suppose behavior emerges spontaneously, in a context that is most common to the animal but an observer is there to document it using particular research tools. Is that behavior natural or natural-ish? Methods can powerfully affect conclusions about infant experiences and learning. In the lab, tasks are typically narrowly constrained where infants and children have little opportunity to display the variety of behaviors in their repertoire. Data from naturalistic observations may paint a very different picture of learning and development from those based on structured tasks, exposing striking variability in the environment and behavior and new relations between the organism and its environment. Using motor development as a model system, in this chapter we compare frameworks, methods, and findings originating in the lab and in the field, applied and adapted in different settings. Specifically, we recount our journey of pursuing the study of cultural influences on motor development in Tajikistan, and the challenges, surprises, and lessons learned.

Natural behavior in everyday settings.

Infant behaviors-walking, vocalizing, playing, interacting with others, and so on-offer an unparalleled window into learning and development. The study of infants requires strategic choices about what to observe, where, when, and how. We argue that loosening study constraints-by allowing infants and caregivers to do whatever they choose, wherever they choose, and with whatever materials they choose-promises to reveal a deep understanding of the everyday data on which learning builds. We show that observations of infants' natural behavior yield unique insights into the nature of visual exploration, object play, posture and locomotion, proximity to caregiver, and communication. Furthermore, we show that by situating the study of behavior in ecologically-valid settings, researchers can gain purchase on the contextual regularities that frame learning. We close by underscoring the value of studies at every point on the research continuum-from cleverly controlled lab-based tasks to fully natural observations in everyday environments. Acceleration in the science of behavior rests on leveraging expertise across disciplines, theoretical positions, and methodological approaches.

Securing Pervasive Computing Networks: Enhancing Network Security via Network Virtualization in Wireless Communications Infrastructure

The seamless integration of technology for computing into everyday items and environments is known as pervasive computing. To protect against cyber threats and vulnerabilities, robust security mechanisms are necessary. Conventional security measures, including gateways and the use of encryption, may not be sufficient to address the unique challenges encountered in ubiquitous computing systems. But these techniques are still vital. In addition to the variety of devices, resource limitations, mobility needs, and the possibility of large-scale distributed attacks, these obstacles also include the potential for attack. Network virtualization, that abstracts and separates network facilities and functions, is a promising way to increasing security in pervasive computing deployments: it abstracts and isolates network resources and processes. Wireless communication play a significant part in the development of a digital infrastructure that is both resilient and trustworthy. The processes of dynamic resource allocation, isolation, and management of network bandwidth are made possible through the utilization of virtualization, leads to the proposal of Secure Wireless Virtual Resource Allocation and Authentication Algorithm(SWVRA3) to make the abstraction of the network's physical resources into virtualized entities By using network virtualization, pervasive computing applications and services can be secured with logically segregated virtual networks. The cross-contamination and security breaches can be reduced by this separation. Furthermore, flexible configuration, dynamic allocation of resources, and centralized virtual control are allowed by network visualization that improves threat incidence response, enforcement of policies, and security surveillance.

Invisible and undervalued: A qualitative study of laboratory workers' experiences and perceptions of laboratory strengthening in Sierra Leone.

The 2013-2016 West Africa Ebola outbreak highlighted the importance of laboratory capacity to outbreak response while also revealing its long-standing neglect. The outbreak prompted massive international investment into strengthening laboratory services across multiple healthcare settings. In this article, we explore hospital-based clinical laboratory workers' experiences and perceptions of their everyday working environment in Sierra Leone, and how recent investments in laboratory strengthening have shaped these. This qualitative study draws on in-depth interviews with eight laboratory workers and participant observation of laboratory practices at a tertiary referral hospital in Freetown between April 2019 and December 2019. Interview and observational data were coded and analysed using a reflexive thematic approach. The Ebola outbreak prompted international investments in automated devices, biosafety training, and a new dedicated infectious diseases laboratory. However, little investment was made in the infrastructure and supply systems needed to sustain routine laboratory work or keep machines functioning. Laboratory workers perceived their work to be under-recognised and undervalued by the government, hospital managers and clinical staff, a perception compounded by under-use of the hospital's laboratory services by clinicians. Understanding laboratory technicians' views, experiences, and priorities is essential to any sustainable laboratory-strengthening effort. Investments in personnel should match investments in technologies and infrastructure for outbreak response. This study contributes to an understanding of how clinical laboratory personnel in Sierra Leone view and experience their work, and introduces the concept of social invisibility to explain these experiences.

Smart Cities enhancing the lives of people with disabilities

Smart cities hold great promise for revolutionising urban living, but their potential to improve the lives of people with disabilities remains underexplored. This paper investigates the challenges faced by individuals with disabilities in everyday urban environments and explores how smart technology can mitigate these challenges. By leveraging data-driven insights, connectivity, and innovative solutions, smart cities can create more inclusive environments that enhance accessibility, mobility, and overall quality of life for people with disabilities. This paper discusses the various issues encountered by individuals with disabilities in towns and cities and proposes strategies for utilising smart technology to address these challenges effectively.

Penerapan Pendidikan Agama Islam Melalui Budaya Religius (Application of Islamic Relegios Education Through Religios Cultural)

The education system of Islamic Religion in is a form of elaboration of the mandate of Act No. 20 of 2003 on National Education System, in order to prepare students to be a man of faith and piety and morality, but in practice they have drawn criticism from the public that PAI in school during is rated only equip learners only religious knowledge (cognitive) less emphasis on the aspect of practice (affective andpsychomotor).Where necessary the development of PAI itself, so that PAI is not only limited knowledge but also can be practiced in everyday life either at school or in everyday environments. Either by teachers, and students. Therefore, it is necessary to build a culture of religious (religious culture) in religious activities in schools to improve the practice of affective so in tune with our educational goals.The quality of education will be achieved, if it is supported by all who are organized education component with all considerations. Some of those components are inputs, processes, and outputs, and need full support from those who have an important role in educational institutions. But one thing that is the focus here is that it is very important for education to implement religious values into independent education by using religious culture in its daily application so that students or society remain morally Islamic every day and to always remember Allah swt. Kata kunci: Pendidikan; Religi ,dan Islam Budaya Keagamaan (Budaya keagamaan)

Using a lens of awareness in phenomenographic research: an example from early mathematics education research

ABSTRACT This paper aims to contribute to the advancement of methodological practice for phenomenographic research by introducing the notion of a lens of awareness, as a device that can enable researchers to zoom into the detail of the research process (the parts of the whole) and out again to the related context of a phenomenographic study (the whole). The lens enables researchers to embrace a reflexive stance to bracket prior assumptions, allowing critical inspection of the whole research process and a thorough retrospective and transparent account of the approaches used. We use a lens of awareness to communicate the component parts of a study that examined preschool children’s understandings of the use of numerals in everyday environments. Through an analytical documentation of processes and decisions, we examine challenges, the powerful affordances and application of a phenomenographic approach to research with young children. We discuss four strands of researcher awareness that we argue are important in the application of phenomenography: the nature of the phenomenon; the operationalization of phenomenographic theoretical notions; the researcher’s versus the participant’s experience of the phenomenon and the applied research processes. The paper closes with explorative strategies that may enhance transparency and trustworthiness in phenomenographic research.

The challenges of developing a textile-based device for recognizing swallowing movements during different swallowing tasks

Swallowing difficulty, also known as dysphagia, is a fairly common symptom that may lead to malnutrition, dehydration, pulmonary complications, and a reduced quality of life. Currently, a swallowing evaluation requires a hospital environment, skilled personnel, and expensive devices. Thus, it is important to develop a successful method for evaluating swallowing in an everyday environment. This study developed a textile-based solution that resembles a neck gaiter. Wireless accelerometer and gyroscope sensors embedded inside the gaiter were used to detect swallowing movements. The recognition of swallows was achieved through cervical auscultation and video footage, and this data was subsequently compared with the information obtained from wireless accelerometer and gyroscope sensors. Based on the measurement results for 17 adults without dysphagia, the developed neck gaiter can identify individual swallows of 5 sips of water (with a 97 % identification success rate) and consecutive swallows of 100 ml of water (98 % identification success rate). However, we were not able to recognize swallowing movements from speaking, chewing and head movements. Future research is now needed to develop a prototype to differentiate swallowing movements from other movements, such as chewing and speaking.

Integrating Abnormal Gait Detection with Activities of Daily Living Monitoring in Ambient Assisted Living: A 3D Vision Approach.

Gait analysis plays a crucial role in detecting and monitoring various neurological and musculoskeletal disorders early. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the automatic detection of abnormal gait using 3D vision, with a focus on non-invasive and practical data acquisition methods suitable for everyday environments. We explore various configurations, including multi-camera setups placed at different distances and angles, as well as performing daily activities in different directions. An integral component of our study involves combining gait analysis with the monitoring of activities of daily living (ADLs), given the paramount relevance of this integration in the context of Ambient Assisted Living. To achieve this, we investigate cutting-edge Deep Neural Network approaches, such as the Temporal Convolutional Network, Gated Recurrent Unit, and Long Short-Term Memory Autoencoder. Additionally, we scrutinize different data representation formats, including Euclidean-based representations, angular adjacency matrices, and rotation matrices. Our system's performance evaluation leverages both publicly available datasets and data we collected ourselves while accounting for individual variations and environmental factors. The results underscore the effectiveness of our proposed configurations in accurately classifying abnormal gait, thus shedding light on the optimal setup for non-invasive and efficient data collection.

Pesticides and endometriosis: Silent links in our everyday environment

Pesticides and endometriosis: Silent links in our everyday environment

COGNITION ON THE GO: UNIQUE INSIGHTS INTO BRAIN HEALTH FROM HIGH-FREQUENCY COGNITIVE APPROACHES

Abstract High-frequency ambulatory cognitive assessments offer the opportunity to examine cognitive change at multiple timescales. When deployed multiple times per day via pervasive mobile technology (e.g., smartphones), ambulatory cognitive assessments allow us to conduct semi-continuous monitoring of cognitive changes while individuals go about their daily lives. Variation in performance that occurs over these short timescales may be associated with a wide range of contextual factors (e.g., our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors) including the way we respond to challenges presented by our everyday environments. Short-term change and variation may also reveal information about overall brain health and risk for cognitive decline over longer timescales. This symposium focuses on how high-frequency, ambulatory cognitive assessments can generate new insights into cognitive aging, psychological processes, and risk for neurocognitive decline by revealing detailed patterns of cognitive change and variation over short timescales (hours to weeks). The talk by Sliwinski et al. gives an overview of high-frequency cognitive assessment approaches. The talk by Harrington et al. will show how dimensions of experienced affect may influence short-term changes in multiple domains of cognition. The talk by Hakun et al. will show how short-term cognitive variation may predict how we respond to everyday stressful experiences. The talk by Oravecz et al. will show how to extract substantively meaningful predictors of long-term cognitive change from short-term processes such as retest learning.

Microplastic pollution on historic facades: Hidden ‘sink' or urban threat?

Despite the increasing concerns surrounding the health and environmental risks of microplastics (MPs), the research focus has primarily been on their prevalence in air and the oceans, consequently neglecting their presence on urban facades, which are integral to our everyday environments. Therefore, there is a crucial knowledge gap in comprehending urban MP pollution. Our pioneering interdisciplinary study not only quantifies but also identifies MPs on historic facades, revealing their pervasive presence in a medium-sized urban area in the UK. In this case study, we estimated a mean density of 975,000 fibres/m^2 (0.10 fibres/mm^2) for fibre lengths between 30 and 1000 μm with a ratio of 1:5 for natural to artificial fibres.Our research identifies three groups of fibre length frequencies across varied exposure scenarios on the investigated urban facade. Sheltered areas (4m height) show a high prevalence of 60–120 μm and 180–240 μm fibres. In contrast, less sheltered areas at 3m exhibit lower fibre frequencies but similar lengths. Notably, the lowest area (2-1.5m) features longer fibres (300–1000 μm), while adjacent area S, near a faulty gutter, shows no fibres, highlighting the impact of exposure, altitude, and environmental variables on fibre distribution on urban facades.Our findings pave one of many necessary paths forward to determine the long-term fate of these fibres and provoke a pertinent question: do historic facades serve as an urban ‘sink’ that mitigates potentially adverse health impacts or amplifies the effects of mobile microplastics? Addressing MP pollution in urban areas is crucial for public health and sustainable cities. More research is required to understand the multi-scale factors behind MP pollution in large cities and to find mitigation strategies, paving the way for effective interventions and policies against this growing threat.

Развитие на компетентности и умения чрез медийната грамотност в часовете по история

The development of educational processes and implementation of new methods of teaching and learning are established as a fundamental characteristic of the beginning of the new millennium. Appling key competences as the goalsetting of educational tasks has the potential to ensure the transition to the digital and innovative school ecosystem. The rapprochement between traditional academic disciplines and modern aspects of everyday life and environment is a condition for the development of the individual and civic potential of young people, for building life-ling skills. Media literacy in the classroom has the potential to become a compass that directs the resources form History as study of change over time to the needs of the present and ensures the most valuable aspect for humanity - freedom.

Children build their vocabularies in noisy environments: The necessity of a cross-disciplinary approach to understand word learning.

Research within the language sciences has informed our understanding of how children build vocabulary knowledge especially during early childhood and the early school years. However, to date, our understanding of word learning in children is based primarily on research in quiet laboratory settings. The everyday environments that children inhabit such as schools, homes, and day cares are typically noisy. To better understand vocabulary development, we need to understand the effects of background noise on word learning. To gain this understanding, a cross-disciplinary approach between researchers in the language and hearing sciences in partnership with parents, educators, and clinicians is ideal. Through this approach we can identify characteristics of effective vocabulary instruction that take into account the background noise present in children's learning environments. Furthermore, we can identify characteristics of children who are likely to struggle with learning words in noisy environments. For example, differences in vocabulary knowledge, verbal working memory abilities, and attention skills will likely influence children's ability to learn words in the presence of background noise. These children require effective interventions to support their vocabulary development which subsequently should support their ability to process and learn language in noisy environments. Overall, this cross-disciplinary approach will inform theories of language development and inform educational and intervention practices designed to support children's vocabulary development. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Language Psychology > Learning Psychology > Theory and Methods.

The influence of everyday acoustic environments on the challenging behaviour in dementia: a participatory observation study in Nursing Homes

AbstractObjectiveDementia is a progressive illness characterized by cognitive and functional decline and often co‐occurs with a behaviour change. ‘Challenging behaviour’ (CB) is a group of behaviours, reactions and symptoms due to dementia, which can be challenging for the (professional) caregivers. The study aims to research the influence of acoustic on CB in people with dementia (PwD).DesignAn ethnographic design was used to study the daily life of PwD in their nursing homes with a specific focus on how people react to everyday environmental sounds.Setting/participantsThirty‐five residents were included in the sample based on a purposeful, homogeneous group characteristics sampling. Empirical data were collected using 24/7 participatory observations. The collected data were analyzed using a phenomenological‐hermeneutical Method: a naïve understanding, a structural analysis, and a comprehensive understanding.ResultsThe onset of CB depends on whether the resident feels safe and is triggered by an excess or lack of stimuli. The excess or shortage of stimuli and whether and when it affects a person is highly personal. It depends on various factors, such as the person’s state and the time of day. In addition, the nature of the stimuli, familiarity or strangeness is also a determining factor for the onset and progression of CB.ConclusionCB is an indirect consequence of something that threatens the well‐being of the PwD. This unsettling feeling can find its cause in the acoustic environment. The results can form an essential basis for developing soundscapes to make the PwD feel safe and reduce CB.

E-PANNs: Sound Recognition Using Efficient Pre-trained Audio Neural Networks

Sounds carry an abundance of information about activities and events in our everyday environment, such as traffic noise, road works, music, or people talking. Recent machine learning methods, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have been shown to be able to automatically recognize sound activities, a task known as audio tagging. One such method, pre-trained audio neural networks (PANNs), provides a neural network which has been pre-trained on over 500 sound classes from the publicly available AudioSet dataset, and can be used as a baseline or starting point for other tasks. However, the existing PANNs model has a high computational complexity and large storage requirement. This could limit the potential for deploying PANNs on resource-constrained devices, such as on-the-edge sound sensors, and could lead to high energy consumption if many such devices were deployed. In this paper, we reduce the computational complexity and memory requirement of the PANNs model by taking a pruning approach to eliminate redundant parameters from the PANNs model. The resulting Efficient PANNs (E-PANNs) model, which requires 36% less computations and 70% less memory, also slightly improves the sound recognition (audio tagging) performance. The code for the E-PANNs model has been released under an open source license.

Auditory-friendly activities for people with autism spectrum disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is associated with persistent impairments in adaptive functioning across multiple domains including social, communicative, occupational, and other important areas of daily life. Sensory abnormalities have often been reported as symptoms of ASD, and auditory over-responsiveness (AOR) is the most common sensory-perceptual abnormality in individuals with ASD. Recently, we reported that a greater magnitude of acoustic startle reflex in response to weak stimuli of 65-85 dB was found in children with ASD compared to those with typical development. This index was related to various clinical features, including sensory problems, autistic traits, emotional/behavioral difficulties, and adaptive/maladaptive behaviors in ASD children. This intensity level of acoustic stimuli is frequently experienced in everyday situations environment. Noise affects several aspects of both physical and mental health and those with AOR might be affected more by their daily environment. Thus, for the healthy development of ASD children with AOR it is important to create an auditory-friendly environment. We have conducted several auditory-friendly activities. These activities might raise awareness about AOR of people with ASD.