Everyday Use Research Articles

A Rare Case of Acute Respiratory Distress Due to Hydrochloric Acid Inhalation

Although lung injury due to inhalation of Hydrochloric acid (HCl) occurs frequently, imaging findings are not well known. In this case, we aimed to discuss the progression of the patient who developed ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) after inhalation of hydrochloric acid and progressive during follow-up. A 37-year-old female patient who was followed for asthma was admitted to the outpatient clinic with complaints of sudden dyspnea and chest pain after cleaning with bleach at home. In both lungs, patchy glassy opacities and consolidations were observed, progressively progressing towards the periphery. The patient was clinically diagnosed as acute respiratory distress syndrome. Hydrochloric acid was detected as the etiological agent. Hydrochloric acid is a colorless, which is used as a powerful cleaning agent in everyday use. Radiologists should be aware of the radiographic findings of pulmonary intoxication. Some of these may be life-threatening and require urgent diagnosis. When the general condition of the patient is bad and the anamnesis cannot be obtained by clinicians, radiological findings can be recognized, and guidance tips can be given to the clinician. In this way, they should aim to reduce the mortality and morbidity by recognizing the fatal diseases such as ARDS which may develop in patients as a result of intoxication and with early treatment.

Usage of Microencapsulated Phase-Change Materials to Improve the Insulating Parameters of the Walls of Refrigerated Trailers

Climate change is forcing action to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. An extremely important area of high-polluting energy consumption is material transport and, within this, the transport of chilled goods, including deep-frozen goods, is an important contributor. Phase change materials (PCMs) can have an important role in reducing energy consumption for the transport of chilled goods, but the current state of knowledge is not sufficient to bring the solution into popular use. This article includes a study of the effect of implementing microencapsulated PCM (mPCM) in polyurethane foam (PU) on the insulation performance of refrigerated trailer walls in low-temperature transport. In this research, mPCM was used, characterised by a phase-change heat in the range of 170–195 kJkg and a phase change temperature in the range from −10 °C to −9 °C. The studies performed show the potential of using mPCMs to improve the insulation performance of the walls of refrigerated trailers. Containing mPCM in the amount of 5.0% wt. placed throughout the entire volume of the wall can improve thermal conductivity of the wall for up to 15% in peak and 4.5% (0.2792 Wm2K without mPCM and 0.2665 Wm2K with mPCM) in the phase change temperature range. Out of the range of phase change temperatures, the thermal conductivity of the wall with mPCM is worse for 2.72% than in walls without PCM. Problems that need to be tackled were also identified, before the solution can be put into everyday use, i.e., finding the technology to increase the proportion of mPCMs relative to PU.

Investigating the Correlation between English Spoken Fluency and Working Memory Capacity in both Dialogic and Monologic Presentations

Studies on second language (L2) speech fluency recommend studying fluency in a dialogic context. In response to the researchers' calls, this study introduced monologic and dialogic tasks to investigate the various aspects of speed, breakdown, and repair fluency in the oral performancemost L2 fluency studies have looked at oral fluency in a monologic task. Dialogue is the more authentic and natural way of communication, which is apparent in everyday language use. Currently, there is a scarcity of research examining dialogue fluency in non-native bilingual speakers who share the same L2. The existing body of research on language learning and processing has underscored significant connections between individual differences (IDs) in working memory capacity (WMC) and models of L2 speech production in both first language (L1). Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether variations in WMC are linked to dysfluency in L2 monologue and dialogue. Therefore, this study also aimed to fill this gap in the literature by investigating the correlation between utterance fluency in both monologue and dialogue and WMC. A total of 64 undergraduate Saudi students were given various tasks as part of the study. An argumentative task was presented as a monologue focused on a prevalent topic in the participants’ country. In contrast, during a dialogic discussion task, 32 pairs engaged in exchanging opinions on a popular subject in their country. Additionally, participants underwent two challenging working memory (WM) tests: the Operation Span Test and the Backward Digit Span Test. The findings aligned with prior research, indicating that L2 participants demonstrated greater fluency in dialogue compared to monologue, as evident in speed and breakdown measures of utterance fluency. Interestingly, WMC did not emerge as a robust predictor for variations in L2 oral performances between monologue and dialogue.

THE PRESERVATION OF TRADITIONAL WIND INSTRUMENTS. THE ROMANIAN ALPHORN

This study aims to clarify the organological aspects of the alphorn and to shed some light on aspects related to the history, evolution and construction particularities of this old, popular instrument, which is an important part of Romania᾿s folk culture as regards instrumental music. One of the main objectives of all musicians, performers and researchers who stimulate the collection and preservation of the spiritual productions of Romanians is to increase the value of folklore. With few exceptions, the alphorn has gone out of everyday use, that's why its study is more and more difficult but all the more necessary. As it is connected to the life of shepherds and with shepherding in general, the destiny and evolution of the alphorn has been decisively influenced throughout history not only by the expansion or regression of this ancient activity, by the geographical space in which it was practiced, but also by the progress of civilization and human knowledge.

An overview of cybersecurity in Zimbabwe's financial services sector.

As nations, businesses, and individuals rely on the Internet for everyday use, so are cybercriminals manipulating systems to access information illegally and disrupting services for financial gain. The global cost of cybercrime eclipsed one trillion US Dollars in 2020, with Africa losing US $3.5 billion. A quantitative research methodology was adopted to investigate factors affecting cybercrime in Zimbabwean financial institutions. The study focused on the technical aspects of cybersecurity. Data were collected from July 2022 to October 2022, targeting technology experts in the financial services sector. Participants were recruited from 13 institutions to rank cybersecurity constructs, frameworks, and challenges associated with cybersecurity. Data was collected using a questionnaire distributed to participants. Descriptive statistics were used to extract meanings from the responses that measure mean and standard deviation. Network and data security were the most highly ranked cybersecurity constructs, while physical security was the least. The top three barriers are increasing sophistication of threats, limited skills and emerging technologies, while lack of executive support was the least. The top frameworks used are the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) and Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies (COBIT), while a fifth is yet to adopt cybercrime frameworks. The study proposes that financial institutions establish a cybersecurity culture to fight cybercrime, addressing cybersecurity barriers and following best practices. Financial institutions should invest in cybersecurity technologies, train security specialists, and employ a Chief Information Security Officer (CISO). The study's small sample may affect the generalisability of the results. Financial institutions should implement strategies to raise awareness and collaborate with institutions to train cybersecurity security specialists to close the skills gap.

Endurance results of a refuels fleet test in a real application based on directly comparable truck test pairs

AbstractSynthetic fuels from a renewable base are an essential part of a greenhouse gas-neutral mobility, especially in transport sector. While scaling production of e-fuels (fuels based on electrolysis hydrogen) is ongoing, HVO called paraffinic diesel fuels are already available. Their production is based on the hydrogenation of waste and residues and they are established as diesel substitute in several applications. With regard to the approval of these fuels in German regulation, the question repeatedly arises as to whether they can be used easily and what effects can be achieved. This article describes an application in a real logistics application, in which both the everyday use and the concrete comparability to a refueling with conventional gas station diesel were ensured. The use of several parallel active and different truck pairs has shown that the use of HVO in existing vehicles has achieved the desired CO2 reduction. A detailed analysis of the engine oil also showed that no undesirable effects could be observed here either. From the perspective of this project, HVO fuels are ready for use for a significant greenhouse gas reduction in logistics.

Optimization of the seat position for a personal vehicle equipped with a crankset: pilot study

The aim of the study was to optimize the seat for a personal vehicle equipped with a crankset mechanism, meant for everyday use. The inclination of the seat backrest was selected on the basis of theoretical considerations. Then dynamic tests were carried out on a group of young, healthy men in order to verify the ergonomic aspects of the seat position in relation to the crankset and determine the efficiency of the human-mechanism system with a load of 50 W. The data obtained from the dynamic tests were subject to statistical analysis. Research has shown that higher seat positions result in statistically higher efficiencies. In addition, a holistic analysis of the personal vehicle design problem shows that the upper position of the seat is also the best. The results of the research can be used to optimize personal vehicles using human force as a drive.

Measuring functional hand use in children with unilateral cerebral palsy using accelerometry and machine learning.

To investigate wearable sensors for measuring functional hand use in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). Dual wrist-worn accelerometry data were collected from three females and seven males with unilateral CP (mean age = 10 years 2 months [SD 3 years]) while performing hand tasks during video-recorded play sessions. Video observers labelled instances of functional and non-functional hand use. Machine learning was compared to the conventional activity count approach for identifying unilateral hand movements as functional or non-functional. Correlation and agreement analyses compared the functional usage metrics derived from each method. The best-performing machine learning approach had high precision and recall when trained on an individual basis (F1 = 0.896 [SD 0.043]). On an individual basis, the best-performing classifier showed a significant correlation (r = 0.990, p < 0.001) and strong agreement (bias = 0.57%, 95% confidence interval = -4.98 to 6.13) with video observations. When validated in a leave-one-subject-out scenario, performance decreased significantly (F1 = 0.584 [SD 0.076]). The activity count approach failed to detect significant differences in non-functional or functional hand activity and showed no significant correlation or agreement with the video observations. With further development, wearable accelerometry combined with machine learning may enable quantitative monitoring of everyday functional hand use in children with unilateral CP.

Social robot accessories for tailoring and appropriation of social robots

AbstractThe design of robots for everyday use should take into account the specific nature of the individual end-user and the possibility of interactions with multiple users in diverse scenarios, promoting versatility and increasing the chances of their successful adoption in everyday environments. Most robots are designed, however, to perform tasks and interact in typical social scenarios with an abstract human user. We observed a recent surge in the use of accessories with social robots, which aligns with a broader trend of consumers’ preference for personalizing the technologies they interact with. Drawing from the concepts of adaptability and customizability in collaborative systems, we explore the potential use of accessory-like items for social robots to enable low-tech customization and user appropriation, thus enhancing their value and suitability in various social situations. We draw from Human-Computer Interaction and Computer-Supported Co-operative Work literature to show how end-user customizability and appropriation are essential, but less frequently considered, in the study and design of social robots. We conceptualize Social Robot Accessories (SRAs) as a way for end-users to customize robots, and present three studies - (1) a literature survey on accessory-like item use with social robots, (2) a survey of commercially available robot accessories, and (3) a Twitter-based analysis of accessory use for AIBO and LOVOT robots by their users. We use findings from these studies to envision a design space of SRAs for use by Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) researchers.

ANALISIS KOMPARATIF LEKSEM “KEPALA (头)” DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA DAN MANDARIN (Aspek Kajian Semantik)

This article provides a comparison analisys of the lexeme "Head (头)" in Indonesian and Mandarin.With a qualitative approach, this research can explore the differences and similarities between theuse of the lexeme "head" in the two languages. Using qualitative methods, it will provide an in-depthdescription of the basic meaning focus and meaning variations of the use of the word "Head (头)" inthe semantic context of each language. Data was collected and analyzed from representative text andliterature sources in Indonesian and Mandarin. The research results show that, although both havesimilar basic meanings as parts of the human body, the words "Head (头)" in Indonesian andMandarin can show variations in meaning in everyday use, and in linguistic expressions. Thesedifferences may reflect differences in cultural thinking and social values related to the concept of"Head 头" in the societies of the two languages. This research provides deeper insight into thelinguistic and cultural differences between Indonesian and Mandarin, with the hope that it canprovide a basis for better understanding in the context of translation and cross-cultural interaction.Keywords: Lexeme“Kepala (头)”, Semantic, Comparative Analysis.

Applying the Precautionary Principle to Wireless Technology: Policy Dilemmas and Systemic Risks

Recent decades have seen a huge rise in human exposure to microwave radiation due to the widespread use of mobile and wireless services that enable smartphones and watches, tablets, laptops and digital devices in the home and workplace. The health and safety standards to protect humans from exposure to harmful levels of microwave radiation can be traced to the 1950s. However, research now demonstrates the existence of many adverse health effects, including cancers and neurological disorders, at levels of everyday use by children and adults. We argue that it is long past the time for governments to apply the Precautionary Principle to protect children and adults, especially pregnant women, and to ensure safer levels of exposure for all.

Enhancing Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Drug Hypersensitivity: A Validated 6-Item Quality-of-Life Questionnaire for Patients With Drug Hypersensitivity

BACKGROUNDDrug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) can significantly impair patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, tools for HRQoL assessment for patients with DHR are time-consuming and remain underutilized. OBJECTIVETo develop and validate an optimized version of the Drug Hypersensitivity Quality of Life Questionnaire (DrHy-Q) designed for everyday clinical use. METHODSItem response theory (IRT), a statistical framework for psychometric measurement, was used to evaluate the 15 questions from the original DrHy-Q for their respective item difficulty, discrimination, and information using prospective data from 243 patients with histories of suspected/confirmed DHR before allergy workup. Accordingly, the best-performing items were identified to develop a 6-item optimized version (DrHy-Q6), which was subsequently validated with another prospective cohort of 156 patients. RESULTSAll 15 items of the original DrHy-Q demonstrated satisfactory parameters in IRT analysis, including very high discrimination (>1.7), appropriate difficulty (in between -1.5 and 1.5) and good information (a high and broad peak in the information curve). Six items with top-ranked IRT parameters were identified to construct an optimized version, which we named the DrHy-Q6. The DrHy-Q6 demonstrated a 1-factor structure with an improved fit compared to the original DrHy-Q (comparative fit index = 0.985, Tucker–Lewis’s index = 0.974), excellent convergent validity (Unadjusted Pearson correlation with the full version = 0.955; adjusted = 0.894, p<0.001), reliability (Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω = 0.93), divergent validity (Pearson correlation with all Short Form 12-item Healthy Survey Version 2 [SF-12v2] subscales < 0.60, p<0.001) and discriminant validity (significantly higher scores with multiple DHR labels [42.45 ± 27.26 vs. 32.93 ± 26.66], p=0.013). CONCLUSIONSFrom an IRT perspective, the DrHy-Q and all its constituent items are psychometrically valid for HRQoL assessment. We propose an optimized 6-item version (DrHy-Q6) as an abbreviated alternative for assessing HRQoL in patients with DHR, especially for routine use in clinical practice. Patients and physicians may benefit from its streamlined length and simpler scoring algorithm.

An informative short-term study on the impacts of a triclocarban/weathered multi-walled carbon nanotube-adsorbed complex to benthic organisms

Freshwater organisms are suitable models to study the fate of environmental pollutants. Due to their versatile and everyday use, many environmental pollutants such as triclocarban (TCC) or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) enter environmental compartments very easily. TCC is known as a disinfectant and is declared as a highly aquatic toxicant. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes are used, e.g., in the automotive industry to improve plastic properties. Both TCCs and MWCNTs can pose major pollution hazards to various organisms. In addition, these substances can bind to each other due to their tendency to interact via strong hydrophobic interactions. Therefore, a short-term test was conducted to investigate the effects of the individual chemicals TCC and weathered MWCNTs (wMWCNTs) on a benthic biofilm and a grazing organism, Lymnaea stagnalis. Furthermore, the two compounds were coupled by an adsorption experiment resulting in a coupled complex formation (TCC + wMWCNTs). L. stagnalis showed no effects in terms of mortality. For benthic biofilm, the coupling test (TCC + wMWCNTs) showed a decrease of 58% in chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentration. The main effect could be attributed to the wMWCNTs’ exposure alone (decrease of 82%), but not to presence of TCC. The concentration range of Chl-a upon TCC exposure alone was comparable to that in the control group (32 and 37 µg/cm2). With respect to the particulate organic carbon (POC) concentration, very similar results were found for the solvent control, the TCC, and also for the TCC + wMWCNTs group (3, 2.9, and 2.9 mg/cm2). In contrast to the control, a significant increase in POC concentration (100%) was observed for wMWCNTs, but no synergistic effect of TCC + wMWCNTs was detected.

Adolescents with emotional and behavioural problems are at higher risk to become excessive or addicted Internet users: is this association moderated by gender?

The Internet offers many opportunities for adolescents to facilitate their lives. However, its everyday use may lead to excessive behaviour, including addiction. Our aim was to assess the association between emotional and behavioural problems (EBP) and level of internet use, and whether gender moderates this association. We used data from a representative sample of 5,433 Slovak adolescents (mean age: 13.51, 48.8% boys) from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children-study conducted in 2018, collected through online self-report questionnaires. EBP was measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and excessive internet use (EIU) and internet addiction (IA) by the Excessive internet use scale. We analysed using multinomial logistic regression. More than 25% of the adolescents reported EIU; almost 4% reported being addicted to Internet. EIU was more prevalent in girls, but IA was more prevalent in boys. Adolescents with borderline or increased levels of EBP were more likely to report EIU (odds ratio, OR/95% confidence interval, CI: 1.85/1.60-2.14; 3.16/2.67-3.75, respectively) and IA (OR/95% CI: 2.23/1.57-3.18; 4.89/3.41-7.03, respectively). Adjustment for gender, age or perceived family wealth hardly changed the findings. Moreover, gender did not modify the associations between EBP with EIU. Adolescents with higher levels of EBP are more likely to become excessive Internet users or Internet addicts. This shows a need of early identification of adolescents with EBP as they seem to be relatively vulnerable to develop EIU or IA.

The Representation of Islam in Alice Walker’s Everyday Use

The present study explores the image of Islam as portrayed in Alice Walker’s Everyday Use. The study seeks to examine the nature of the interplay between Islam and the local community of the story in terms of the way fundamental Islam is received and accommodated within the context of conflicting worldviews. Walker’s Everyday Use unfolds, seamlessly, a portrait that captures the way Fundamental Islam is introduced and received, the Muslim community and its ethos, and the Muslim Individuals as torn between their commitment to Islamic tradition and the spell of trendy Black social movements to which they belong. Walker’s Everyday Use also sheds light on some threads of connection between Islam and Black Americans at the time. For all the clumsiness in his manner, ‘Hakim a barber’, the Black Muslim, remains committed to core Islamic values like offering traditional Islamic greetings of peace, abstaining from eating pork, and adopting the Islamic attitude of showing courtesy to women. Furthermore, the Muslim community in Walker’s Everyday Use is conjectured through the Christian narrator’s eyes as the epitome of African-American values of pride and empowerment.

A scanning electron microscopy investigation of the precision of three orthodontic bracket slot systems

ObjectiveOne of the most imprortant factors in achieving ideal teeth positions is the precision of the slot dimensions of orthodontic brackets into the archwires are inserted.This study aimed to assess the accuracy of the dimensions of orthodontic bracket slots and molar buccal tube apertures and to compare them with the specifications provided by the manufacturers.MethodA total of sixty brackets and ten molar buccal tubes with varying slot heights were examined using a scanning electron microscope from the mesial side. The dimensions and morphology of these bracket slots and buccal tubes apertures were assessed using the AutoCAD Software. A one-sample t-test was conducted to compare the measurements with the values provided by the manufacturer.ResultsThe findings of the present study indicated that the height of the measured bracket slots and buccal tube apertures dimensions were significantly larger than the actual dimensions and exhibiting divergent walls. On the other hand, the depth of the brackets slots showed significantly smaller values than the actual one.ConclusionA need for careful consideration when selecting a commercially accessible brand for everyday use is essential as certain materials may not meet acceptable standards.

Methodological aspects of the development of functional literacy of schoolchildren in mathematics

Relevance. The pedagogical process should contribute to improving the functional literacy of students, including through mathematical skills. To accomplish this task, a methodology is needed that implements the effective construction of mathematics lessons.Purpose. The purpose of the study is to consider ways to improve the functional literacy of schoolchildren in mathematics.Methodology. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: analysis, synthesis, hermeneutics, generalisation, concretisation, comparison, experiment, survey, and testing.Results. The main results of the empirical research are the identification of problems faced by students when solving mathematical problems, and the selection of methods that contribute to improving functional literacy in mathematics lessons. The identified problems include: misunderstanding of mathematical terminology, problems of establishing the relationship between variables, problems in writing conclusions. To overcome these problems, students engaged in mathematics according to a methodology that includes: practice-oriented material, tasks for the classification of concepts, and also faced mathematical tasks in integrated lessons. Such training has led to the development of functional literacy. In addition, with the help of theoretical research, it was found that there is no single approach to the interpretation of the term �functional literacy�, and the fact that the term has changed since its introduction into everyday use. The meaning of the term reveals the criteria and parameters that are relevant for international monitoring checks. Moreover, when forming the original term �functional literacy�, current trends in modern life of society and human needs for effective social interaction are considered. Based on these criteria, tasks for international tests of the level of functional literacy are built.Conclusions. The practical value of the research is that the results can be used to develop the necessary methodologies in the construction of the pedagogical process, and in scientific activities to study the criteria of functional literacy.

Legal Goals and Means Manipulation: Foundations of the Theory

Introduction. Despite the fact that manipulative technologies for influencing social relations have now become extremely widespread, the study of legal goals and means manipulation as one of the main forms of manipulative influence on social processes remains outside the scope of research by representatives of both the general theory of state and law and branch legal sciences. According to the authors, this situation indicates that modern legal science in this regard clearly lags behind the needs of legal practice and is not able to offer a reasonable solution to very pressing problems associated with the large-scale and everyday manipulative use of legal instruments. Materials and methods. The authors of the presented article actively used both general scientific and specific scientific methods, among which we can highlight dialectical, systemic, formal legal, legal modeling, structural-functional, comparative legal, etc.The results of the study. As a result of the research, the authors of the article developed the basics of the concept of legal goals and means manipulation. In particular, the work outlined the author’s vision of the essence and specifics of legal goals manipulating, and studied the features of the manipulative use of both stimulating and restrictive legal means. Special attention was paid to the analysis of the technologies of legal goals and means manipulating, carried out on the basis of specific examples.Discussion and conclusion. The work substantiates the position according to which legal goals and means manipulation is understood as a form of lawful behavior carried out with the help of implicit tactics or strategy, which consists of setting or using legal goals, as well as of creating or using legal means in the interests of the subject of management (manipulator) contrary to the true needs and interests of the object controlled (manipulated). The point of view is defended according to which the challenges and threats that Russia is currently facing necessitate the creation of a state strategy to counter goals and means manipulation.

Hydrophilic Modification of Polylactic Acid Fiber and the Usage of Natural Dye for Multi-Levered Improvement of the Fabric Staining Depth and the Stability Effect.

Polylactic acid (PLA) fiber is a degradable material with good environmental friendliness for textile applications. However, the main problems of difficult dyeing of PLA fibers were: high crystallinity to the adsorption of dyes, more ester and methyl groups producing non-hydrophilic problems, long chains making dyes difficult to penetrate, and producing a low dyeing rate. Here, we attempted to change the crystallinity of the PLA fiber to a lower degree from hydrophobic to hydrophilicity property variation, destroy the long chain structure to grant more staining sites, and improve the PLA fiber staining depth and the resilience dyeing effect with deep eutectic solvent (DES) treatment and natural dyes. We discovered that a controlled DES treatment process could make PLA fibers less crystallized, help amorphous areas form, and break up long chains, which lead to more dye sites. After DES treatment, the crystallinity decreased from 56.12 to 29.86%, and the instantaneous water contact angle decreased from 108.79 to 64.39°. The DES-treated PLA fabric exhibited a higher K/S value of 15.14 for natural dyes under specific conditions. The fabric, which had remarkable fastness characteristics and wash resistance, could endure frequent laundering and fulfill the demands of everyday use. Moreover, the fabric had good antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans and possessed a certain level of biocompatibility with fibroblasts. This DES treatment and natural dye combination method offered a new strategy for improving PLA fabric staining depth and color fastness, making it a promising option for low-carbon environmental protection in the textile industry.

Sd-net: a semi-supervised double-cooperative network for liver segmentation from computed tomography (CT) images

IntroductionThe automatic segmentation of the liver is a crucial step in obtaining quantitative biomarkers for accurate clinical diagnosis and computer-aided decision support systems. This task is challenging due to the frequent presence of noise and sampling artifacts in computerized tomography (CT) images, as well as the complex background, variable shapes, and blurry boundaries of the liver. Standard segmentation of medical images based on full-supervised convolutional networks demands accurate dense annotations. Such a learning framework is built on laborious manual annotation with strict requirements for expertise, leading to insufficient high-quality labels. MethodsTo overcome such limitation and exploit massive weakly labeled data, we relaxed the rigid labeling requirement and developed a semi-supervised double-cooperative network (SD- Net). SD-Net is trained to segment the complete liver volume from preoperative abdominal CT images by using limited labeled datasets and large-scale unlabeled datasets. Specifically, to enrich the diversity of unsupervised information, we construct SD-Net consisting of two collaborative network models. Within the supervised training module, we introduce an adaptive mask refinement approach. First, each of the two network models predicts the labeled dataset, after which adaptive mask refinement of the difference predictions is implemented to obtain more accurate liver segmentation results. In the unsupervised training module, a dynamic pseudo-label generation strategy is proposed. First each of the two models predicts unlabeled data and the better prediction is considered as pseudo-labeling before training. Results and discussionBased on the experimental findings, the proposed method achieves a dice score exceeding 94%, indicating its high level of accuracy and its suitability for everyday clinical use.