Events Of War Research Articles

Analysis of the impact of war events on stroke and the risk factors of their development (review)

Analysis of the impact of war events on stroke and the risk factors of their development (review)

The city as memory in contemporary Polish women's literature

The research is based on the hypothesis that geographical spaces reflect the imprint of social, political, historical and cultural life. Spatial representations of settlements are the projections of social crisis and historical periods. The city has its own vocabulary and language, reflected in its buildings and spaces. These 'speaking' cities are open in space and time, and become theatres of self-writing, as the spaces of the city try to find forms of expression to see unspoken traumas, that is, theories of the city are also theories of the subject.
 The main question of the investigation is: what are the specific possibilities and challenges for Polish contemporary women's literature to mobilise social memory and to create possibilities for confronting the traumatic past? Using examples from Olga Tokarczuk's novels Dom dzienny, dom nocny (Day House, Night House) and Joanna Bator's Piaskowa Góra (Sand Hill), I will present the relationship between memory and coming to terms with the past in the historical context of East-Central Europe in Poland. In particular, I will focus on the ways of reflecting on historical events of the Second World War and the regime change of 1989.
 A further aim of the research is to explore how Polish women's literature after 1989 attempts to come to terms with the great social traumas of the twentieth century. In the following, I intend to examine the fictional representation of the culture of memory of the 1989/90 regime change in the body of contemporary Hungarian and Polish women's literature in order to find a common intersection of Central and Eastern European literatures.

Time-varying connectedness and causality between oil prices and G7 economies exchange rates. Evidence from the COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine crises

PurposeThis study aims to attempt to investigate the time-varying causality and price spillover effects between crude oil and exchange rate markets in G7 economies during the COVID-19 and Russia–Ukraine crises.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses time-varying Granger causality test and spillover index.FindingsThis study finds a time-varying causality between exchange rate returns and oil prices, implying that crude oil prices have the predictive power of the foreign exchange rate markets in G7 economies in their domain. Furthermore, the total spillover index is estimated to fall significantly around COVID-19 and war events. However, this index is relatively high – more than 57% during the first wave of COVID-19 and decreasing slightly during the Russia–Ukraine conflict.Practical implicationsThis outcome supports the hypothesis that the majority of the time-varying interaction between exchange rates and oil prices takes place in the short term. As a result, the time-varying characteristics provide straightforward insight for investors and policymakers to fully understand the intercorrelation between oil prices and the G7 exchange rate markets.Originality/valueFirst, this study has reexamined the oil–exchange rate nexus to highlight new evidence using novel time-varying Granger causality model recently proposed by Shi et al. (2018) and the spillover index proposed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2012). These approaches allow the author to improve understanding of time-varying causal associations and return transmission between exchange rates and oil prices. Second, compared to past papers, this paper has used data from December 31, 2019, to October 31, 2022, to offer a fresh and accurate structure between the markets, which indicates the unique experience of the COVID-19 outbreak and Russia–Ukraine war episodes. Third, this study analyzes a data set of seven advanced economies (G7) exhibiting significant variations in their economic situations and responding to global stress times.

The godly lives of Samuel Clarke and the ‘national church’ in the 1650s

ABSTRACT The godly lives of Samuel Clarke have traditionally been consulted by historians of early Stuart puritanism for biographical information, particularly anecdotal information, about many of the most famous puritan divines of the age. But, in fact, the lives, and the martyrologies and ecclesiastical histories in which they were contained, were a product of the events of the English civil war and revolution; and more particularly of the disastrous defeat suffered at the end of the 1640s and early 1650s by the Presbyterians at the hands of the Independents and the sects. The first versions of Clarke’s collection of lives, which were published between 1650 and 1652, represented a response to that crisis. This article sets out to explain how and why that was, and, having set the lives in that context, and explained the precise apologetic, polemical and edificational purposes they were designed to serve, it concludes by explaining what light such a contextual reading of Clarke’s text might shed on the dynamics of the 1650s and the fate therein of the ‘national church’.

The genre of historical novels about the Great Patriotic War in the Mari literature in the first post-war years

This article analyses the formation and development of the historical novel genre in the national literature in the first post-war period. The object of the study are the works of the Mari writers Nikandr Lekain «On Fire of the Great War» and Veniamin Ivanov «The Windstorm». National patriotic spirit, heroism, the determination of people to fight to the end come to the fore in N. Lekain’s work. The work does not have the main character who unites all the storylines; it presents the multinational face of the Soviet people through the individual actions of people of different generations. In V. Ivanov’s novel, the fate of the individualized personality, his inner experiences, comes to the forefront. The historical and typological method of research made it possible to identify general and specific features in the depiction of dramatic events of the Great Patriotic War in the Mari and Russian literatures. The problem of the formation of this genre in regional literary criticism is being considered for the first time. A comparative study of the literary prose of writers revealed that the expansion and deepening of the problematic and thematic range (the theme of rear everyday life in the countryside, the problem of desertion and betrayal, etc.) of the Mari literature of this period outlined certain shifts in the image of the inner world of the characters. There was a tendency of multifaceted disclosure of socio-historical and ideological factors of the personality formation, psychologically deep explanation of the motives of the heroes’ actions. N. Lekain and V. Ivanov managed to find those life conflicts that made it possible to psychologically accurate portray the dialectics of the human soul in the war, to comprehend the origins of the national-patriotic upsurge, to show the deep processes of their contemporary reality.

DEVELOPMENT, CORRECTIVE AND REHABILITATION OPPORTUNITIES OF A TALE TO WORK WITH PRESCHOOLERS

The article deals with creative and development, corrective and rehabilitation opportunities of a tale to work with preschoolers. Under the urgent unsteady social and cultural conditions, a new line and trend of the native education development is being formed; it is originated in humanism and democracy, creativity and self-realization. The process is aimed at optimizing the cooperation between a personality, society and nature in the life creativity of every citizen, regardless of the development level, social status, mental and physical opportunities, etc. Thus, forming the content, teaching and upbringing forms and methods for the children play a significant role. These tools may provide for the effective revealing of their personalities, forming the ability to think creatively, independently make customized solutions, perform a flexible reaction on the changes under the conditions of a radical restructuring of every spheres of the society life.The problem is actualized by a rapid mental health deterioration of children that is caused by traumatic events of the brutal war of aggression of rf against Ukraine. Most children suffer from anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, dissociative and behavioral disorders. Since, it is the education system which is designed to both develop a creative, socially active and harmoniously developed personality and provide an everyday social and psychological, as well as an emotional support for children. Here it is a teacher of a preschool institution in the center, who should possess these universal methods, tools, techniques of a creative development of preschoolers and being oriented on their corrective and rehabilitation opportunities. A tale is among the integrative tools of creative abilities development of a child, correction of the internal deformations and harmonization of his relation to the external world.Based on a tale use in an educational process at a pre-school institution, the authors determine creative and development functions of a tale, that include expanding the range of abilities (cognitive, intellectual, specific: artistic, literary, mathematical and others) and individual features (emotionality, courage of imagination, fantasy, intuitivity, etc.) of the children; they are getting visible and rich at the practice of different constructive activity, which results are described as new and original. Corrective and rehabilitation opportunities are also proved. They comprise the reflection of a child’s internal world, the consideration of complex phenomena and feelings, identification of his emotional status with the hero, comprehension of the problem and its solution, mastering the constructive variants to solve conflicts, the behavior change, emotional reactions, social communicative skills, learning moral standards

How preschool children in Lithuania perceive the war in Ukraine: analysis of drawings

Lithuanian society actively supports Ukraine and is very close to the threat of extended war. How to communicate with preschool children about cruel war events is a problematic question for many parents and educators. Purpose - to study the attitude of parents to communicate with children about the war, to determine the ways of thinking and perception of military events by children through drawings. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in 5 kindergartens in Vilnius with the participation of 113 parents of 36 children. Results. Results revealed that 54.9% parents noted that they are talking about the war with their preschool-age child. 31.8% parents gave permission to speak and draw with their children about the war. The average age of children was 5.3±0.7 years. 72.2% of parents who permitted to talk about the war in Ukraine with their children indicated that they speak to their children about the war, and only 46.7% of parents who not gave permission indicated that they speak to their children about the war (p=0.006). Data showed that even children not directly impacted by war violence often are aware of current war events. Children’s drawings demonstrated a concrete understanding of war events and emphasized war’s negative emotions and destructive consequences. The predominant theme of the drawings were weapons, war events, falling bombs, destroyed houses, dying people, soldiers, and frightened faces. Conclusions. The study revealed that only half of the parents talked to their children about the war in Ukraine. Analysis of the form and content of the drawings show that the experienced war events left a robust impression on the children. It is essential to know the feelings and experiences of preschool children, to react appropriately according to their age and respond to their needs. It is necessary to talk to children about the war, trying to understand their worldviews, imaginations, and fears, because war experiences at an early age are a severe factor for the child’s further development. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Towards a sustainable approach to reconstruction of residential heritage: Insights from international case studies

Reconstruction and recovery of historic cities after destruction due to conflict or natural disasters have gained increasing relevance in the last decades. The investigation of international examples of recovery after war or natural catastrophic events can provide knowledge for improving guidance and strategies for sustainable reconstruction/ intervention in similar cases in the future. This paper aims to identify and analyze the legal, administrative, social, and economic factors that can favor the reconstruction and recovery processes of the historic city and its residential neighborhoods. An extensive review of international examples and literature on guidance has been conducted to provide insight into best practices and potential solutions. As a result, a set of lessons learned that can be used to address post-conflict and post-disaster recovery and reconstruction in similar situations is given.

(Ne)baigtas Antrasis pasaulinis karas Ukrainoje

The text examines one of the most difficult periods in the history of people of Ukraine – the events of the World War II. The purpose of this survey is to show the existential nature of the largest armed conflict in the history of mankind for Ukrainians, which was determined by the real threat of de­population, as well as the deprivation of their natural right to self-determination. Not only great and influential, but also smaller actors of international arena had their own inter­ests in Ukrainian territories, raw materials, and industrial and human resources. Howev­er, Moscow considered Ukraine to be the sphere of its undivided domination and used all means to solve the “Ukrainian question” according to its own scenarios. The first Sovieti­sation unequivocally confirmed the Kremlin’s intentions to implement the Bolshevik pro­ject in the Ukrainian regions annexed in 1939–1940. Under the collision of two totalitarian systems – Soviet and Nazi – Ukrainian political independence-oriented forces managed to organise themselves for resistance and protection of the indigenous interests of the people of Ukraine. The organisation of Ukrainian nationalists, as well as representatives of other political groups created their own armed formations – such as “Poliska Sich”, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, self-defence units – which launched a struggle against the German and Soviet occupational forces and administration. This asymmetric confronta­tion had great political and moral-psychological significance, affirming the vitality of the “Ukrainian idea” and the continuity of the struggle for the restoration of Ukrainian state­hood. The Stalinist regime needed more than 10 years to suppress the national liberation movement in Ukraine. Yet Ukrainians did not come to terms with communist tyranny and resisted it until the fall of the Soviet Union. In the current confrontation with the Russian aggression, Ukraine is finally breaking with its imperial past and establishing it as an in­dependent, democratic state.

The (Un)Finished Ukrainian World War II

The text examines one of the most difficult periods in the history of people of Ukraine – the events of the World War II. The purpose of this survey is to show the existential nature of the largest armed conflict in the history of mankind for Ukrainians, which was determined by the real threat of de­population, as well as the deprivation of their natural right to self-determination. Not only great and influential, but also smaller actors of international arena had their own inter­ests in Ukrainian territories, raw materials, and industrial and human resources. Howev­er, Moscow considered Ukraine to be the sphere of its undivided domination and used all means to solve the “Ukrainian question” according to its own scenarios. The first Sovieti­sation unequivocally confirmed the Kremlin’s intentions to implement the Bolshevik pro­ject in the Ukrainian regions annexed in 1939–1940. Under the collision of two totalitarian systems – Soviet and Nazi – Ukrainian political independence-oriented forces managed to organise themselves for resistance and protection of the indigenous interests of the people of Ukraine. The organisation of Ukrainian nationalists, as well as representatives of other political groups created their own armed formations – such as “Poliska Sich”, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, self-defence units – which launched a struggle against the German and Soviet occupational forces and administration. This asymmetric confronta­tion had great political and moral-psychological significance, affirming the vitality of the “Ukrainian idea” and the continuity of the struggle for the restoration of Ukrainian state­hood. The Stalinist regime needed more than 10 years to suppress the national liberation movement in Ukraine. Yet Ukrainians did not come to terms with communist tyranny and resisted it until the fall of the Soviet Union. In the current confrontation with the Russian aggression, Ukraine is finally breaking with its imperial past and establishing it as an in­dependent, democratic state.

EFEKTIVITAS ASAS PACTA SUNT SERVANDA SAAT TERJADI KEADAAN MEMAKSA (FORCE MAJEURE) DALAM HUKUM PERJANJIAN INDONESIA

The effectiveness of the Pacta Sunt Servanda principle in Indonesian treaty law becomes an important subject when force majeure occurs. This principle implies the obligation of parties to comply with the agreed contents of the agreement. However, when events beyond control, such as natural disasters, war, or other unexpected events (force majeure), this principle becomes tested. In this context, the effectiveness of the Pacta Sunt Servanda principle in Indonesian treaty law requires a balance between adherence to the agreed agreement and recognition of unforeseen circumstances that may affect its implementation. Awareness of the legal implications of force majeure is very important for the parties involved in the agreement, to maintain clarity, fairness and order in the implementation of the agreement amid the dynamics of unforeseen circumstances. The Pacta Sunt Servanda principle in Indonesian treaty law is intended to provide equal rights for all parties involved in a contract. However, in force majeure conditions, this principle may not apply due to circumstances that prevent contract compliance. By using a normative juridical approach, this research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Pacta Sunt Servanda principle in force majeure. The results of this study show that force majeure is one of the factors that affect the effectiveness of the Pacta Sunt Servanda principle in Indonesian treaty law. Therefore, the application of the Pacta Sunt Servanda principle can be delayed due to force majeure. The consequences are the loss of rights and obligations of the agreement and the non-fulfillment of the rights and obligations stipulated in the contract.

On the acoustics of “Argentina” and “Costanzi” Opera Houses in Rome by means of 3-D maps representation

The acoustics of Italian-style Opera Houses has been widely studied in the last 30 years, especially after the burning of the Teatro La Fenice in Venice in 1996. Starting from that disaster, the acoustics of these important buildings became a priority, especially for storing as much information about their acoustics as possible. The recent war events in Ukraine have underlined the importance of these acoustics for a proper reconstruction of theaters, and especially Oper Houses. This paper analyzes the acoustics of the two most important opera houses located in Rome, i.e., the “Teatro Argentina” and the “Teatro Costanzi” (also called “Teatro dell'Opera"). Both the theaters are located in the very city center of Rome and have a strong artistic activities. In both the cases, no info about their acoustics are available among the scientific community. This paper describes the most important results obtained measuring their acoustics using monoaural, binaural b-format microphones. Moreover, in order to determine 3-D acoustic maps, an EM32 Microphone from MHAcoustics was used for capturing sparial RIRs and mapping early reflection in a 360 pictures.

РОЛЬ ЖЕНСКИХ ОБРАЗОВ В РОМАНЕ М. А. ШОЛОХОВА «ТИХИЙ ДОН» (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ГЛАВ, ПОСВЯЩЕННЫХ ВЁШЕНСКОМУ ВОССТАНИЮ)

M.A. Sholokhov in the novel "And Quiet Flows The Don" created a unique gallery of original female images – the images of the Cossacks. This article is devoted to the consideration and understanding of the role of female images in the course of the narrative of the Vyoshenskaya (UpperDon) uprising – the key event of the third book and the novel "And Quiet Flows the Don" as a whole. When creating the characters of the Cossacks, Sholokhov seeks to follow the historical truth and embody the disharmonious state of the world, where women, faced with revolutionary and military events, for the most part do not take part in the political struggle and retain their inherent gender traits – female wisdom, sensitivity, comprehensive mercy. The artistic representation of the Cossack women in the chapters on the Vyoshensky uprising is considered as one of the characteristic features of M. A. Sholokhov, since it was in the system of female images that the spiritual and valuable essence of any non-warrior who fell into the events of the Civil War was embodied with particular clarity and relief.

STUDENTS OF CHUVASHIA ABOUT THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR, THE CONSTRUCTION OF SURSKY AND KAZAN DEFENSIVE LINES

The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of patriotic education in modern youth, instilling in them a sense of belonging to the history of the Homeland.
 
 The purpose of the article is to analyze the opinions of students about the events of the Great Patriotic War, to identify their level of knowledge about the construction of Sursky and Kazan defensive lines in Chuvashia in the initial period of the war, to consider the sources of information of young people about these events.
 
 Materials and methods. The empirical basis for writing this article was made by the materials of a survey of students in March 2023, in the organization and conduct of which the authors of the article participated. A total of 517 respondents took part in the survey. In order to implement the comparative historical method, data from earlier surveys of students were also involved.
 
 Results. During the survey, students noted that among the historical events in Russia, the most significant of them is the victory in the Great Patriotic War. There is also a high level of interest in the events of the last war, which reaches 85% among the respondents. The data obtained also indicate a noticeable increase in the proportion of those who, to one degree or another, had heard about the construction of Sursky and Kazan defensive lines in Chuvashia. Information sources about these events remained traditional, but the information received in educational institutions became more noticeable.
 
 Conclusions. The materials obtained during the survey of university students of Chuvashia showed that the memory of the Great Patriotic War is the most important element of the historical memory of young people. The data we obtained showed the possibility of actively influencing the historical memory of young people by combining administrative resources and the public initiative.

Evaluating Playful Creative Problem Solving in Kyiv and Ukrainian Refugees in France

Creativity in playful creative problem-solving (CPS) is influenced by the emotional state of the learner-player. In this study, we evaluated how stressful situations (such as conditions of war) can impact divergent thinking (DT) in CPS. To evaluate divergent thinking, the main components of which are fluency, flexibility, and originality, creativity researchers have developed the Alternative Uses Test (AUT), where participants are asked to write about different uses of familiar objects in a limited amount of time. In educational robotics, DT has been operationalized with the same components of fluency, flexibility, and originality based on the diverse configurations made by the learner-players.
 In the present research, we engaged participants in a playful activity with modular robotics to evaluate divergent thinking. Participants engaged in the CreaCube task are Ukrainians. We recruited two groups of participants: Ukrainian refugees living in France and participants staying in Kyiv (Ukraine). These participants are experiencing a stressful situation due to the daily war events in Kyiv during the development of this study (missile attacks, power and heating restrictions, air sirens, and limited communication with partners on the frontlines). By comparing these two groups of learner-players in the CreaCube task, we aim to identify how stressful situations affect divergent thinking.
 The preliminary results showed that flexibility and originality as DT components of the participants from Kyiv in the first experiment are significantly higher than those of the refugee participants based in France. This may indicate that the participants from Kyiv, having been in stressful situations (war conditions) for almost a year, have developed more original ideas (originality component) and different ideas (flexibility component), which could be explained by the daily problem-solving activity under war constraints. Playful situations under war conditions permitted the Kyiv participants to distract themselves from the current situation and show originality in thinking better than participants playing in France who were not in stressful situations. This may indicate that wartime constraints have engaged the participants in better strategies for generating novel ideas, but it also indicates that the interest in game activities has a positive effect on DT even in stressful situations for the participants.

Odkrywanie żydowskiej tożsamości w powojennej Austrii na przykładzie filmu Śpiące psy Hanny Andreasa Grubera

REDISCOVERING JEWISH IDENTITY OF POST-WAR AUSTRIA IN ANDREAS GRUBER’S HANNA’S SLEEPING DOGS
 The trauma of the Holocaust, despite being dismissed for many years, has profoundly shaped the identity of successive generations of Jews. The main character of the film Hanna’s Sleeping Dogs (Hannas schlafende Hunde, 2016, Andreas Gruber) inherits the trauma of the tragic events of World War II, even though she initially remains unaware of her Jewish heritage. Upon discovering the family secret, the nine-year-old Johanna embarks on a journey to unravel her true identity. This task proves challenging in Austria, where anti-Semitism still prevailed in the 1960s, and “the myth of Hitler’s first victim” dominated the public discourse. The article aims to identify the stylistic devices employed in depicting the struggle between memory and (post)memory of tragic events. It also focuses on how Gruber narrates the story of trauma passed down from generation to generation and examines the representation of Jewish figures in his films. In addition, the film is analyzed within a sociocultural context to highlight its relevance to public discussions about Jewish identity in post-war Austria.

Shaping the Global Business Environment on the United States-China Trade War

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the United States-China trade war, examining its causes, unfolding events, and significant impacts on global trade, economic stability, and bilateral relations. The research objectives are threefold: (1) to analyze the key causes and concerns that led to the initiation of the trade war, including trade imbalances, intellectual property theft, state subsidies, and national security concerns; (2) to assess how the trade war events unfolded, characterized by escalating tariffs and retaliatory measures across distinct phases; and (3) to examine the significant impacts and consequences of the trade war on global trade, economic stability, and bilateral relations, with a focus on global supply chain disruption, economic effects, the agriculture sector, technological competition, and geopolitical implications. The findings highlight the disruptive effects of the trade war on global supply chains, increased costs for businesses and consumers, negative economic consequences for both countries, challenges in the agriculture sector, intensified technological competition, and strained U.S.-China relations with broader geopolitical implications. Addressing the underlying concerns, promoting dialogue, and fostering cooperation between the United States and China are emphasized as crucial steps toward resolving the conflict and achieving a more stable and mutually beneficial trade relationship. This study contributes to the understanding of the trade war's multifaceted nature and underscores the importance of international collaboration and fair trade practices in shaping a prosperous global business environment.

Formation of civil orientations of social competence of the younger generation (on the example of the activities of the St. Petersburg branch of the Russian schoolchildren’s movement)

This article analyzes the process of formation of civic guidelines of social competence of the younger generation on the example of the Russian Schoolchildren’s Movement (RSM). The materials of a qualitative research conducted on the basis of the St. Petersburg branch of RSM in 2022 are presented, in the course of which the practices related to civic education of young St. Petersburg residents were investigated in detail. The significant role of RSM in the process of educating future citizens of the Russian Federation is shown. It is emphasized that, despite the presence of shortcomings and “birth traumas” in its activities, RSM successfully creates new forms of representation of civic guidelines in the context of the formation of social competence of the younger generation, as well as provides participants with a wide range of directions and types of activities. The author also made a conclusion about the dominance of models based on the value of patriotism among the civic orientations of social competence in RSM activities, as well as about the prevalence of representations of patriotism inextricably linked to military themes, especially the events of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. At the same time, the tendencies of “fatigue” from the above narratives have been identified, which may indicate the need to search for new forms of representation of civic values in the context of the formation of social competence of the younger generation.

Inner Peace needs of male psychiatric patients in post-war Croatia are associated with their needs to clarify open issues in their life and their needs for forgiveness.

More than 25 years after the end of the Balkan war, many people belonging to the post-war population are still traumatized by the war events and have been treated for post-traumatic stress disorder or other psychiatric diagnoses. We were interested in their Inner Peace needs, how these relate to indicators of mental health, and their needs to clarify open processes in their lives and to forgive and be forgiven. In a cross-sectional survey with standardized questionnaires (i.e., SpNQ, PCL-M, HADS, and BMLSS), 638 male patients who were treated in seven psychiatric centers in Croatia were enrolled. 68% were diagnosed with PTSD and 32% had other psychiatric diagnoses. Most had actively participated in the Balkan war (79%), and 60% for the whole war period. Strong needs to "immerse into beauty of nature" were stated by 47%, to "dwell at a place of quietness and peace" by 66%, and to "find inner peace" by 57%. These Inner Peace needs were highest in men treated with PTSD diagnoses as compared to men with other psychiatric diagnoses and were slightly lower in men who were active during the whole war period as compared to shorter phases of war participation. Regression analyses with Inner Peace needs as a dependent variable revealed that Clarification/Forgiveness needs were the best predictor, with further influences of PTSD symptoms and life satisfaction, explaining altogether 49% of the variance. The best predictors of their PTSD symptoms were life satisfaction, perceived burden, depressive symptoms, Inner Peace needs, religious trust, and duration of war participation, explaining 60% of the variance. In Croatian male war participants in clinical treatment decades after the war, Inner Peace needs indicate their ongoing intention to let go of their disturbing experiences and to find states of inner peace, particularly at specific places of quietness and peace. These needs can be considered metaphors for longing for wholeness, integrity, and safety, in contrast to the ongoing impact of unresolved issues. Thus, apart from psychotherapeutic treatment, sheltered places of nature, inspiration, and reconciliation might be elements to improve the difficult situation of post-war victims still suffering from their experiences.

Web Resources Containing Ego-Documents of the Great Patriotic War Participants: the Regional Aspect

The object of the article is to present the results of research aimed at identifying data on memorial information resources about Siberians – the participants of the Great Patriotic War and serving on the home front. Basing on studying Websites containing full texts of documents of personal origin (ego documents), that reflect the fates of Siberians during the Great Patriotic War, the activities of Siberian organizations (archives, museums, etc.) on the study of ego documents and their introduction into scientific and public circulation are presented,The paper provides a brief overview of publications on the study of various aspects of memorial practices in the electronic environment and shows the interpretation of the concept of “ego documents” by different authors.In the course of work there were examined 63 sites containing memorial information resources: the websites of the Ministry of Defense, State museums and archives of Siberia and the Far East, as well as other organizations. 19 sites containing ego documents were identified, their search capabilities studied, the characteristics of ego documents given according to several parameters (types, quantity, content, etc.).The revealed websites containing significant arrays of ego documents are: “Pis’ma Pobedy” (“Letters of the Victory”), “Prozhito” (“It’s lived through”), “Ya pomnyu” (“I remember”), etc. There are also sites that contain memories of the front-line soldiers and home front workers’ relatives and friends, sharing stories about them: “Pamyat’ naroda” (“Memory of the People”) and “Bessmertnyi polk” (“Immortal Regiment”). On some sites ego documents are presented in the form of collections (the Museum of History and Ethnography of the KhMAO-Yugra, the State Archive of Kuzbass, etc.).There is a number of shortcomings hampering the study of ego documents on some sites (lack of printed deciphering of scan copies of letters, advanced search function, etc.). The authors conclude that a number of All-Russian and regional Internet resources contain significant volumes of ego documents reflecting the events of the Great Patriotic War, which provide good opportunities for the research work of historians and local history scientists.