Perception Of Events Research Articles

Historical consciousness of the Cossack youth from the perspective of an interdisciplinary approach (based on the materials of the study of the group accentuation of the character of the Cossack youth)

The article examines the historical consciousness of the Cossack youth, which not only records the past, but also actively participates in the context of social changes, influencing real life. The emotional perception of historical events among representatives of the Cossacks is a complex process based on collective memory, traditions and historical experience, which are transmitted through folklore, cultural practices and intergenerational ties, which creates a unique and vivid picture of the Cossack identity. The application of an interdisciplinary approach in conjunction sociology with history and psychology is promising for ethnosocial research and allows sociologists to understand exactly how Cossacks define their group identity, how they perceive their past and how this affects their behavior in the present, which, in turn, can help in the study of identification of other ethnic or cultural groups.

Do you understand what I experienced? Self- and informant-perception of major life events

Major life events can impact people’s well-being or personality traits. Traditionally, life events have been examined by considering if they have occurred or not. However, this assumes that the effect of a life event is similar for all participants. Therefore, it has been suggested to consider the subjective perception of life events. Yet, as with many self-reports in psychological research, self-reports on the subjective experience of life events can be biased. To gain a better understanding of life event perception, we therefore examined the convergence of self- and informant-reports of major life events and potential moderators of this convergence. In a dyadic study design, N = 562 participants provided self- and informant-reports of major life event perception. Results from multilevel regression analyses showed that self- and informant-perception profiles converge ( B = 0.599, p < .001), even after controlling for normativeness (distinctive convergence: B = 0.442, p < .001). Moreover, talking about the event—but not informant’s presence at the event—was linked to higher overall and distinctive convergence. Additionally, informant’s experience with the event and perceived closeness between participants was associated with higher overall convergence. Results indicate that informant-reports could provide new insights into the nature of major life event perception.

Historical Narrative: Constituent Features and Linguistic Properties

While historians extensively research narrative and use a significant number of concepts that linguists traditionally see as their own, the properties of historical narrative have not received sufficient coverage in linguistics yet. This article analyses the similarities and differences in the approach to narrative by historians and linguists, formulates the linguistic criteria of narrativity and discusses the relationship between factuality and fictionality. The constitutive features of historical narrative identified and described in the present study include temporality, spatiality, eventfulness, informativeness, interpretability, ideologization and semioticity. Language is treated as a tool of verbalising historical narrative, structuring its chronology and logic, shaping the perception of events through a system of presuppositions, connotations, and allusions, creating historical ambiance and constructing mythologised designations. The linguistic means used in the construction of historical narrative comprise: 1) the language of the historical source; 2) the narrator's language; 3) historical terminology; 4) historicisms and archaisms; 5) precedent names; 6) obsolete and modern toponyms. The study emphasises the importance of perceiving history as a hypertext – multiple narratives united by a network of intertextual connections. The study is illustrated by examples from narratives about the Silk Road in Chinese, Russian and English. The Silk Road symbolises the crossroads of civilisations, the interaction between East and West, the economic and cultural exchanges between Asia and Europe, peaceful cooperation, good neighbourliness, and shared cultural experience.

Director’s Observation as a Focus of Authenticity of Real Events Perception in Contemporary Documentary Cinema

The purpose of the research is to find out the role of the director’s observation in the authenticity of the perception of actual events in contemporary documentary films. Research methodology. The article uses the following methods: analytical – to understand publications on contemporary documentary theory, works by well-known theorists and practitioners; empirical – to study the use of director’s observation in creating an anti-war narrative; communicative audience analysis – to identify viewers’ reactions and responses to documentaries, which allowed us to explore how viewers perceive certain narratives in them and how this can affect their perceptions of global issues. Scientific novelty. The study analyses for the first time the role of the director’s observation as a tool for achieving authenticity in the perception of real events in contemporary documentary cinema, including the impact of interviews as a tool for revealing the inner world of the protagonist and identifying the role of the observation method in creating an anti-war narrative. The article expands the horizons of understanding contemporary audiovisual art and the contribution of the director’s observation to contemporary documentary practice. It clarifies the specifics of using these methods in the context of modern challenges and cultural changes. Conclusions. The director’s observation is identified as a key tool that helps to focus the authenticity of the perception of real events in contemporary documentary cinema. The study of the role of the observation method has shown that objectivity in contemporary documentary cinema is a difficult task due to the subjective point of view of the director. Still, this subjectivity can create a richer, more emotional narrative that is more open to the representation of reality. By analysing the approaches and views of well-known theorists and by examining examples from audiovisual art, the article shows the importance of the director’s observation as a tool that helps bring the viewer closer to the reality of events and also establishes the role of interviews in exploring the inner world of characters.

Research on perceived brand characteristics of marathon participants.

Leveraging sporting events to drive urban development has been proven effective. However, the influence of city image on the perceived experience of branded marathon events, as an embodied practice within urban spaces, remains underexplored. This study considers marathon races as significant activities integrated into urban environments and specifically investigates how city image affects the perceived experience of branded marathon events. The objective of the research is to evaluate how city functions, governance, characteristics, and event culture and services influence marathon participants' perceptions of branded events. An empirical analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was conducted with a sample of 422 participants from the 2022 Xiamen International Marathon to examine the relationships among these variables. This investigation aims to explore and quantify the impact of city characteristics on participants' perceptions, providing actionable insights for enhancing city branding through sporting events. The findings indicate that: (1) City functions are essential foundational conditions influencing participants' perceptions of branded marathon events. (2) City governance significantly impacts participants' perceptions of these events. (3) City characteristics are important sources that shape participants' perceptions of branded marathon events. (4) Event culture and services are decisive factors influencing participants' perceptions of branded marathon events. The results highlight the critical interplay between urban management and the successful development of branded marathon events, enhancing the understanding of the symbiotic relationship between city governance and event success, and offering strategic guidance for event organizers and urban planners.

Improving first responders’ perceptions of overdose events and survivors through tailored occupational health-focused training co-facilitated by overdose survivors

BackgroundFirst responders (law enforcement officers, emergency medical services, and firefighters) frequently interact with people who use drugs (PWUD). Based on the nature and outcomes of such encounters, these interactions have the potential either to reduce harm, or perpetuate it. Given increased funding and attention for first responder-led interventions involving PWUD, we must identify the most critical training for improving negative beliefs about these interventions and populations. In this study, we aimed to develop and evaluate a novel, evidence-based first responder training with an occupational wellness framing aiming to increase knowledge regarding and improve attitudes toward people who overdose and toward the overdose antidote, naloxone.MethodsWe developed and evaluated the DOTS/SHIELD (Drug Overdose Trust & Safety/Safety & Health Integration in the Enforcement of Laws on Drugs) first responder training with three components: (1) matched first responder and overdose survivor trainers; (2) locally tailored substance use service information and practical referral instructions; and (3) occupational health content designed to make first responders’ jobs easier and safer. We conducted pre- and post-tests at 151 Missouri-based trainings (December 2020–May 2023) to assess associated attitudinal changes among law enforcement vs. emergency medical services [EMS]/fire.ResultsAmong the matched sample (N = 1,003, 53.9% law enforcement), post-training attitudes toward people who overdose and toward naloxone were more positive than pre-training attitudes. On average, law enforcement held worse attitudes than EMS/fire toward people who overdose, though there were no professional differences in naloxone-related beliefs.ConclusionsThis training approach effectively combines three training components – peer trainers, practical substance use service referral information, and an occupational wellness framing – to positively influence first responders’ views toward those who use drugs and toward naloxone.

Top-down attention and Alzheimer's pathology impact cortical selectivity during learning, influencing episodic memory in older adults.

Human aging affects the ability to remember new experiences, in part, because of altered neural function during memory formation. One potential contributor to age-related memory decline is diminished neural selectivity -- i.e., a decline in the differential response of cortical regions to preferred vs. non-preferred stimuli during event perception -- yet the factors driving variability in neural selectivity with age remain unclear. We examined the impact of top-down attention and preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology on neural selectivity during memory encoding in 156 cognitively unimpaired older participants who underwent fMRI while performing a word-face and word-scene associative memory task. Neural selectivity in face- and place-selective cortical regions was greater during events that were later remembered compared to forgotten. Critically, neural selectivity during learning positively scaled with memory-related variability in top-down attention, whereas selectivity negatively related to early AD pathology, evidenced by elevated plasma pTau181. Path analysis revealed that neural selectivity at encoding mediated the effects of age, top-down attention, and pTau181 on associative memory. Collectively, these data reveal multiple pathways that contribute to memory differences among older adults -- AD-independent reductions in top-down attention and AD-related pathology alter the precision of cortical representations of events during experience, with consequences for remembering.

Academic performance, perceptions, and motivations of medical PhD students in Ukraine during wartime: a mixed methods study

BackgroundThe full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, initiated on February 22, 2022, has created numerous challenges, including the need to study under the constant threat of bombardment. This study aimed to analyze the effects of the war on the academic performance of medical PhD students in Ukraine, explore their perceptions of stressful wartime events, and identify their motivations and future aspirations.MethodsThis mixed-method study included medical PhD students from Bogomolets National Medical University in Kyiv, Ukraine, during the 2022–2023 academic year amid ongoing Russian military attacks. Data were collected through self-completed questionnaires. Additionally, qualitative data were gathered via one-on-one interviews with participants. The questionnaire and interviews addressed educational difficulties during the war, motivation to pursue academic studies, the likelihood of continuing an academic or medical career in Ukraine, academic progress at the time of the survey, and self-assessed adaptation to studying during the war.Results108 PhD students participated in the questionnaire, and 53 were interviewed. Nearly half of the participants described their education as challenging. More than two-thirds experienced class disruptions due to air raid alarms or shelling, and a similar proportion resumed classes afterward. Among the PhD students, 85% envision their future careers as physicians, scientists, or teachers in Ukraine. Adaptation to the extraordinary conditions varied, with half adapting well. A substantial number remained motivated to pursue their education and professional careers in Ukraine despite financial strain, loss of research data, and damaged infrastructure, which hindered progress for some. Others struggled significantly, highlighting the war’s profound impact on their education and mental well-being.ConclusionWhile the war has imposed severe challenges on the educational pursuits of medical PhD students in Kyiv, Ukraine, the resilience displayed by many underscores their determination to persevere. This resilience reflects their commitment to their academic careers despite the adversities posed by the ongoing conflict. However, some students struggled to cope. Further psychological and financial support will be crucial in helping these students continue their studies and contribute to the rebuilding of their country.

The perception of major life events across the life course.

To better understand the effects of life events, research interest recently turned to the question of how life events are perceived (e.g., as positive, predictable, or controllable). However, research on this topic primarily focused on young adulthood, leaving it unclear whether and how the perception of life events varies across the life course. In this study, we examined the relationship between age and different perceived event characteristics using nationally representative data from the German Socioeconomic Panel Innovation Sample (N = 1,044). We found that people reported different event types across among age groups. Furthermore, the perception of life events varied across age and depending on whether an event was experienced at a normative age or not. These findings underline the necessity to take on a life-course perspective when examining life events and support theoretical claims on the relevance of age norms in life-event research.

Segment-level event perception with semantic dictionary for weakly supervised audio-visual video parsing

Segment-level event perception with semantic dictionary for weakly supervised audio-visual video parsing

Media Framing of Political Instability and its Impact on Developmental Policies in West Africa

This study explored the media framing of political instability in West Africa and its consequent impact on developmental policies. The media’s role in shaping public perceptions of political events was investigated, revealing that the portrayal of instability often influences the policy-making process. By employing a qualitative analysis of various media sources, the study examined how narratives around political unrest affect public opinion and government responses. The findings indicated that sensationalised media coverage exacerbate fear surrounding instability, leading to reactive policy measures rather than proactive strategies for development. Moreover, the research highlighted the interplay between media representations and governance, demonstrating how the framing of instability not only reflects societal anxieties but also shapes the political landscape. The study concluded that a more responsible media approach is essential for fostering informed public discourse and promoting sustainable development in the region

Perceiving visual events uses optical information that reflects dynamics rather than resembles appearance.

This study investigates the optical information for visual event perception. Events are objects in motion, with properties like shape, weight and surface material influencing the dynamics that shape movements and optics. The progressive transformation of visible textures, known as visual kinaesthetic information, specifies movements and objects. Four experiments tested whether events could be perceived using only visual kinaesthetic information. Participants identified their own walking from point-light displays (Experiment 1), from simulated environmental texture transformations as a result of their walking (Experiment 2), and from videos shot by a head-mounted camera during outdoor walking (Experiment 3); and distinguishing strangers from footages captured by their head-mounted cameras (Experiment 4). In Experiments 2-4, the displays did not resemble the outline of a person or look like walking but revealed the physical relations between the walker and the environment as a result of their movement. Regardless, participants were able to recognize themselves and distinguish strangers. Thus, observers are able to perceive events using visual kinaesthetic information that stems from dynamics. The one-to-one correspondences between object property, dynamics, kinematics and optical information are governed by the laws of physics, and unaffected by the event's appearance or viewing perspectives.

Effects of Language Proficiency on Selective Attention Patterns at Segmenting Boundaries in English Audio Sentences.

Normative perceptual segmentation facilitates event perception, comprehension, and memory. Given that native English listeners' normative perceptual segmentation of English speech streams coexists with a highly selective attention pattern at segmentation boundaries, it is significant to test whether Chinese learners of English have a different attention pattern at boundaries, thereby checking whether they perform a normative segmentation. Thirty Chinese learners of English with relatively higher language proficiency (CLH) and 26 with relatively lower language proficiency (CLL) listened to a series of English audio sentences. Meanwhile, they were asked to press the key whenever a phonetic probe "ba" occurred. Response time to "ba" reflects the attention where "ba" is located at segmentation boundaries. The results revealed that, (1) relative to native English listeners' highly selective attention pattern, the CLH group showed a relatively selective attention pattern, while the CLL group displayed a non-selective attention pattern. (2) Both the CLH group and natives had better recognition memory than the CLL group. (3) Both the CLH group and natives' attention at segmentation boundaries was not correlated with their memory for sentences, while the CLL group's attention at boundaries was correlated with memory. These findings suggest that (1) Chinese learners of English did not perform a normative segmentation, which shows the effect of English proficiency on perceptual segmentation; (2) English proficiency has a superior effect on memory for sentences, while perceptual segmentation would come next to support memory by providing structure for memory construction if English proficiency is not high; (3) a comparison of attention patterns between Chinese learners and natives can provide a reference for potential intervention to rectify non-natives, thereby improving their perception of English speech streams.

Opening the contextual black box: a case for idiographic experience sampling of context for clinical applications.

The experience sampling method (ESM) is increasingly used as a clinical tool in mental health care. Currently, ESM studies pay relatively little attention to assessing contextual factors, such as a person's experience and perception of events, activities, and social interactions. This has been referred to as the 'contextual black box'. However, personalized context information is essential for applications in clinical settings to gain insight in triggering and maintaining factors of psychopathology. Typically, ESM context items are designed for nomothetic research questions, to capture broad factors that are shared across individuals, such as 'unpleasant events'. We provide an overview of such nomothetic items. We argue that these items have limited clinical utility and describe idiographic alternatives to ESM context assessment to obtain more specific and personalized information about individual clients. Specifically, we present three existing idiographic ESM techniques to context assessment with clinical potential. First, we illustrate open-ended ESM items that prompt clients to fill in text, such as a description of a specific unpleasant event they experienced. Second, we describe personalized response options and self-learning items that ask clients to define personally relevant response categories, such as types of events the client finds unpleasant. Third, we describe personalized ESM items that client and clinician select or formulate together for concepts of interest. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these idiographic techniques. Additionally, we suggest future directions for clinical research aiming to address the 'contextual black box' and enhance the potential of ESM in mental health care.

Nurses' attitudes towards safety and their association with nurses' perceptions of adverse events and quality of care: a cross-sectional study.

To explore nurses' attitudes towards safety and their association with nurses' perceptions of adverse events and quality of care in Saudi Arabian hospitals. A cross-sectional study using a web-based survey. A web-based survey was administered to nurses working in five hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Nurses' attitudes regarding safety, nurses' perceptions of the frequency of seven adverse events, and nurses' views on quality of care were collected. Descriptive and predictive analyses were performed. Nurses' attitudes regarding safety (n = 653) were classified as less than positive, with an overall score of 68.96%. The highest subscale mean score was for safety behaviour (73.1%), which was followed by job satisfaction (72.6%); the lowest subscale mean score was for working conditions (61.7%). Positive attitudes towards safety were associated with a lower frequency of pressure injuries, patient falls, healthcare-associated infections and unexpected deaths due to deterioration; positive attitudes towards safety were also associated with higher quality of care. Nurses' attitudes towards safety contribute to preventing avoidable adverse events and to improving quality of care. This study builds on the growing body of evidence that demonstrates fostering a strong safety culture is essential for improving patient outcomes.

Commentary: Nurses' attitudes towards safety and their association with nurses' perceptions of adverse events and quality of care: a cross-sectional study.

Commentary: Nurses' attitudes towards safety and their association with nurses' perceptions of adverse events and quality of care: a cross-sectional study.

Perception of and adjustment to adverse weather events among smallholder coffee farmers in Rwanda

AbstractChanging temperature and precipitation patterns threaten smallholder farmers producing coffee. Adaptation is crucial, and perceiving adverse weather events as a risk is the first step towards it. The study, therefore, investigated the link between smallholder coffee farmers' perception of adverse weather events and their adjustments to them. First, four distinct groups of farmers can be distinguished based on their risk perception of adverse weather events. Results show that farmers' risk perception is connected to changes in the timing of the seasons and the expected amount of precipitation. Most farmers in the sample adjust to the adverse weather events they experience. Results also found that farmers’ risk perception and adjustment decisions are closely linked.

When war narratives encounter populist audiences: a case of the Russia-Ukraine War on Chinese social media

ABSTRACT This research explores Chinese netizens’ response to Russia-Ukraine war narratives on Chinese social media, and how online populism affects the reception of war narratives. Taking a comparative perspective, it examines the mechanisms and reasons behind the dynamics in the Chinese social media users’ comments (N = 30261) toward Russian and Ukrainian Weibo posts (N = 124). With the help of the natural language processing (NLP) approach, the article highlights populism as a significant characteristic among comments on these war narratives, emphasizing the role of ideological influences in shaping public perception of geopolitical events. While Russia’s narrative initially garnered support, its popularity waned over time due to the heterogeneous nature of Chinese online populism. Conversely, Ukraine’s narrative faced initial challenges but eventually gained more support, largely due to the decreasing credibility of the opposing narratives.

The role of surface and structural similarities in the retrieval of realistic perceptual events.

This study investigated whether structural similarities (i.e. abstract frames, e.g. once bitten twice shy) can prevail over surface similarities (i.e. contexts, e.g. restaurant) in driving the retrieval of realistic events involving dynamic, multimodal and perceptually crowded data. After watching an initial set of video clips, participants had to indicate whether a new video clip, that shared surface similarities with an initial event and structural similarities with another one, elicited a retrieval. The results of Experiment 1A showed that retrieval was more likely to be elicited by structural rather than by surface similarities. Experiment 1B confirmed that the surface similarities manipulated in this study were strong enough to elicit substantial retrievals when the competing structural match was neutralized. The pattern of results obtained in Experiment 1A remained unchanged when the number of unrelated video clips within the initial set was increased. The findings suggest that structurally based retrievals still prevail when familiar structures underlie realistic perceptual events. They open new perspectives regarding the settings that promote structurally based retrievals in educational contexts where unfamiliar principles are introduced.

Exploring Food Safety Emergency Incidents on Sina Weibo: Using Text Mining and Sentiment Evolution

Food safety remains a crucial concern in both public health and societal stability. In the age of information technology, social media has emerged as a pivotal channel for shaping public opinion and disseminating information, exerting a substantial influence on how the public perceives incidents related to food safety. This study specifically focuses on the “Rat-Headed Duck Neck” incident as a case study, conducting a comprehensive analysis of extensive social media data to investigate how online public discourse molds perceptions of such events. To accomplish this research, data were initially gathered using a custom web crawler technology. These data encompassed various aspects, including user interactions, emotional expressions, and the evolution of topics. Subsequently, the study employed an innovative approach by combining BERT-TextCNN and BERTopic models for a thorough analysis of sentiment and thematic aspects of the textual data. This analysis provided insights into the intricate emotions and primary concerns of the public regarding incidents related to food safety. Furthermore, the research harnessed Gephi, a network analysis tool, to scrutinize the dissemination of information within the network and to monitor dynamic shifts in public opinion. The findings from this study not only shed light on the role of online public sentiment in the propagation of food safety events but also provide fresh perspectives for policymakers and business leaders when responding to similar crises, taking into account the subtleties of online public sentiment. These innovative methodologies and findings significantly enhance our comprehension of public responses to food safety incidents within the realm of social media.