Event Ontology Research Articles

The becoming of form

This article offers insights on the investigation and development of an ontology of events in the wake of Martin Heidegger’s Contributions to Philosophy (Of the Event). It reads them with and against its later interlocutors concerning the establishment of a non-representational ontological realism. Dealing with recent scholarship, the article proposes to read the theoretical venture of a Leibnizian Structuralism made by Michel Serres in his 1968 dissertation Le Syste?me de Leibniz et ses mode?les mathe?matiques, and the surrounding texts from the Hermes pentalogy into the conceptual nexus of Heidegger’s ontology of events. This approach circumvents the difficulty of distinguishing lines of causation from lines of grounding which otherwise fosters a theoretical inconsistency in more Spinozist-oriented accounts without thereby succumbing to the conflation of temporalization as presence and representation. It sutures ‘formalism’ and ‘historicity’ to yield a calculus of the history of virtual forms.

Developing an Ontology for Documenting Adverse Events While Avoiding Pitfalls.

Ontologies promise more benefits than terminologies in terms of data annotation and computer-assisted reasoning, by defining a hierarchy of terms and their relations within a domain. Here, we present central insights related to the development of an ontology for documenting events during interoperative neuromonitoring (IOM), for which we used the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) as an upper-level ontology. This work has the following two goals: to describe the development of the IOM ontology and to guide the practice with respect to documenting of biomedical events, as available ontologies pose difficulties on certain issues. We address the following issues: (i) differentiate between the sets documentation, identification, continuant and explanation, understanding, occurrent as we had problems in applying the available ontology of adverse events, (ii) covering diseases and injuries in a consistent way, and (iii) deciding on which level to define relations.

Cofee: A Comprehensive Ontology for Event Extraction from Text

Data is published on the web over time in great volumes, but majority of the data is unstructured, making it hard to understand and difficult to interpret. Information Extraction (IE) methods obtain structured information from unstructured data. One of the challenging IE tasks is Event Extraction (EE) which seeks to derive information about specific incidents and their actors from the text. EE is useful in many domains such as building a knowledge base, information retrieval and summarization. In the past decades, some event ontologies like ACE, CAMEO and ICEWS were developed to define event forms, actors and dimensions of events observed in the text. These event ontologies still have some shortcomings such as covering only a few topics like political events, having inflexible structure in defining argument roles and insufficient gold-standard data. To address these concerns, we propose an event ontology, namely COfEE, that incorporates both expert domain knowledge and a data-driven approach for identifying events from text. COfEE consists of two hierarchy levels (event types and event sub-types) that include new categories relating to environmental issues, cyberspace and criminal activity which need to be monitored instantly. Also, dynamic roles according to each event sub-type are defined to capture various dimensions of events. In a follow-up experiment, the proposed ontology is evaluated on Wikipedia events, and it is shown to be general and comprehensive. Moreover, in order to facilitate the preparation of gold-standard data for event extraction, a language-independent online tool is presented based on COfEE. A gold-standard dataset annotated by 10 human experts is also prepared consisting 24K news articles in Persian language. Finally, we present a supervised method based on deep learning techniques to automatically extract relevant events and corresponding actors.

Образование как событие: со-бытийная природа университетской корпоративности

In the article the conceptual issues of the educational philosophy are presented. The aim of the research is to explore the specific character of contemporary education ontology in the whole and the particularities of the university education as a part of it. In addition authors make an attempt to consider the education being as its betweenness in the world, to identify its historical and philosophical transformations closely connected with traditionally obtained corporative university form. Originally, the university was founded as a corporation, but state-of-the-art conditions of its functioning forced the development of its cultural model and structure. Authors stand on the position that the classical ontological university particularities - the wholeness of a being and the absoluteness of criteria - at the moment are displaced by the ontological eventness. Event ontology supposed to obtain ordinary disunification, plurality and conditions singularity. The university educational ontology transformation leads to the corporate culture ontology changing processes. A contemporary university corporate culture has event nature and it is supposed to illuminate itself in the postclassical cultural university identity. The main methods of the investigation are the philosophical and cultural critics (critical analysis) and the comparative research of the classical university education (presented in the unity of its being) and its current condition status represented by the event existence. The novelty of the authors' position is in argumentation of ontological term “event” applied to the contemporary university and relative to it, also event ontology based, corporativity. Eventness of the current cultural processes, including educational ones, is an element, deconstructing being in its entity and wholeness. Being in existent modernity obtains the features of eclecticism, fragmentarity, as a consequence, the key characteristics development of the social institutes is required. The classical university in its students' and professors' unity of scientific investigations has to expand its functions in accordance with the educational market demand. Essentially, a university transforms into a business corporation with the high standard of culture. The authors' position is based on the deconstructive processes within the present day philosophical thinking, distinguishing the classical scope clarity. The position mentioned above give a possibility to consider the modification of ontology of being in entity of its particularities, the education being and the university being alongside its corporate culture. The position explored can be identified as event ontology and it is the result of liquid modernity requirements challenging a contemporary university. The classical university model and the unipolar culture are displaced by the multiple identity and the complementarity of corporate and academic cultures as a vital condition of the university existence.

Event Ontology about Wheat Cultivation

The article presents the development of the WheatEventOntology that includes events in the cultivation of winter wheat. The ontology divides events into two main types – domain events and emergency events. Each of the domain events leads to a state, in which the wheat is present during cultivation. Emergency events are conditions of wheat or soil, the overlook of which will lead to reduced yields. The WheatEventOntology is created to be integrated into an intelligent agricultural environment called ZEMELA. It is implemented from intelligent components that use the ontology to warn of various wheat-growing events, which facilitate the work of farmers.

Event-Argument Linking in Disaster Domain

Linking event triggers with their respective arguments is an essential component for building an event extraction system. It is challenging to link event triggers with the corresponding arguments triggers when the sentence contains multiple events and arguments triggers. The task becomes even more challenging in a low-resource setup due to the unavailability of natural language processing resource and tools. In this paper, we study the event-argument linking task based on disaster event ontology in a low resource setup. We use BERT and non-BERT-based deep learning models in both monolingual and cross-lingual event-argument linking task.We also perform an ablation study of various features like position embeddings (PE), position indicator (PI), and segment ID (SI) to understand their contribution to performance improvement in non-BERT-based models. Using three different languages viz. Hindi, Bengali, and Marathi, we compare the results with multilingual BERT-based deep neural models in both monolingual and cross-lingual scenarios. We observe that the multilingual BERT-based model outperforms the best performing non-BERT-based model in cross-lingual settings. But in monolingual settings, the performance is similar in Hindi and Bengali datasets and slightly better in Marathi dataset. We choose the disaster domain due to its social implications. Our current experiments can be helpful in mining important information related to disaster events from news articles and building event knowledge graphs in low-resource languages.

Event Philosophy: Ontology, Relation and Process

“Event”, as a mainstream in contemporary philosophy, remains its hot status in various research areas. Since it has experienced a “linguistic turn” in philosophy, this paper mainly discusses the philosophical development of event ontology, event semantic, event relation and event process from some representative philosophers. The research results indicate that events gradually gained their historical status in relation to substance, and they can be described in a more dynamic and hierarchical way. Furthermore, this paper can also provide philosophical support to the study of corresponding concepts of time and space in literature, nouns and verbs in linguistics.

The Event Ontology of Nature

We propose a new event ontology of the world, which is part of a general approach to philosophy based on combining ideas from science, ontology, and the philosophy of nature. While the position advocated here is grounded in science and philosophy, it attempts to move beyond each of them by devising and exploring a series of technical (naturalized or naturalistic) ontological concepts such as Interconnectedness, the Whole, the Global, Chaos, the event assemblage, and Nonspace. A central theme in our event ontology is the mapping out of a fundamental critique of the theory of the organism and organization, especially when the latter two are viewed as processes in spacetime. In particular, and following earlier leads, we criticize the spacetime doctrine by arguing that it is not ontologically fundamental, where we suggest its replacement by more primordial naturalized ontological concepts of space such as ontospace and Nonspace. The event ontology of nature can be considered a radical alternative attitude toward the relation between the human and nature, an attitude, in fact, that has been repeatedly explored, though under very different headings, by numerous scattered thinkers throughout the history of ideas. We examine some of the past thinkers who contributed to this general but still incoherent body of thought, including Leibniz, Heidegger, Simondon, Ruyer, Deleuze, Whitehead, and Guattari. The goal of this article is to provide a condensed high-level view on this very complex and still evolving subject intended for a large audience, not necessarily only philosophers, but also scientists, mathematicians, technologists, theologians, sociologists, artists, and psychologists.

Content extraction of historical Malay manuscripts based on Event Ontology Framework

This article aims to explore representation of the content knowledge of historical Malay manuscripts by extracting the event features using an event ontology framework. The manuscript used during the testing is Sulalatus Salatin (Sejarah Melayu ) by Abdul Ahmad Samad and it was published at University of Malaya Digital Library database. In aligning to a domain-specific ontology, the Simple Event Model (SEM) model is adopted and an event-based ontology for historical Malay manuscripts is designed. Information extraction approach is done manually to extract events from the manuscript and mapped into Protégé editor. Competency questions were constructed and submitted to the Protégé editor using SPARQL to check the ontology capability of providing answers as well as to examine its correctness. Event-based ontology model assists in discovering and representing the content knowledge of historical Malay manuscripts and supports organisation of knowledge. All the main concepts are extracted from selected Malay manuscript and 17 concepts used to develop the event-based ontology model. The knowledge was verified by three domain experts in Malay manuscript. In the findings, the interrater reliability for Event and Actor instances is 84%, which means 16% of instances and its type are incorrect and need amendment. For Place, interrater reliability is 95% and 99% for Role. Meanwhile, the experts achieved 100% agreement for Time. In addition, the experts agreed that the concepts, properties and instances for Malay Manuscript Ontology and complied with the criteria of consistency, completeness, conciseness, expandability and ease of use. The development of the event-based model of an ontology-based system with a high level of semantic granularity reflects the various cultural riches and intellectual aspect stored in Malay manuscripts. This will enable systematic research of the knowledge embedded in the manuscripts and make it widely and easily accessible by everyone.

FESRCT

We present a framework for the event semantic retrieval of cultural tourism. Nowadays, information and communication technologies are ubiquitous and pervasive and have greatly promoted the development of cultural tourism. Cultural tourism should utilize these technologies to improve a sense of participation and experience for cultural tourists by sorting out domain-specific cultural knowledge from tourism attractions systematically, building bridges between tourism resources and cultural connotation naturally and presenting the cultural changes behind tourism resources vividly. To the end, we present a complete framework that is suitable to event retrieval of cultural tourism, helping cultural tourists learn culture in all directions and in depth quickly and easily before their cultural tours, and local government create tourism cards through the dissemination of culture connotation as well. Our main inspiration is that story-telling would be an effective form of acceptance by cultural tourists to spread the culture behind tourism resources. Concretely, our framework includes data acquisition and preprocessing, data organization and processing, and data visualization components. The data acquisition and preprocessing component is responsible for collecting historical event texts and fusing text knowledge. The data organization and processing component enables an intuitive view on properties and relations of the event elements in terms of defined event ontology for cultural tourism and supports event semantic retrieval. The data visualization component provides a knowledge navigation through dynamic display and an interactive interface with modification function. We have conducted event semantic retrieval of Minnan culture and verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the framework.

Web service recommendation based on event ontology

Web service recommendation is an important means to help users quickly discover and select services. Service recommendation combined with situational information is one of the development trends of Web services in the future. This paper proposes a Web service recommendation method based on event ontology, which abstracts Web service requirements into service event classes, according to the historical service records of the target users, Web service recommendations combined with service event ontology and content similarity calculation are recommended, and event class elements and hierarchical models in service event ontology are used as reference, calculate the service similarity and generate the fusion recommendation result according to the weight; Then, based on the current situation status of the user, the user’s current situation is located to a node on the event ontology situation model, the predictive recommendation of services is based on the semantic relationship between event classes in the event scenario model. Finally, the service with the highest similarity among the two parts of service recommendation is recommended to users. The experimental results show that this method can better improve the accuracy and diversity of service recommendation.

A Conceptual Framework for Large-Scale Event Perception Evaluation with Spatial-Temporal Scales in Sustainable Smart Cities

The harmony relationship between people and places is crucial for sustainable development. The smart sustainable city concept is widely based on making efforts to understand this relationship and create sustainable communities. The placemaking process is highly dependent on people’s perception of places, events and situations in which they find themselves. Moreover, the greater the event scale, the more essential the research concentrated on them. A certain number of scientific papers have focused on the event management and event perception; however, there is still a research gap in works regarding sustainable development concepts. Thus, to fill this gap, the framework for large-scale event perception evaluation was created. Moreover, the cognitive map of large-scale event perception based on the Szczecin city citizens’ opinions was created. In order to acquire the opinions, a questionnaire with spatial–temporal measurement scales was applied. The representativeness estimation method, natural event ontology and framework for image interpretation were used for event segmentation. The storm phenomenon scenes were selected for picture measurement scale creation. The most significant factors of large-scale event perception were identified based on the questionnaire results. Finally, the cognitive map of global event perception factors is presented. By applying the analysis presented in this paper in various industries, relevant policies related to different dimensions of the citizens’ well-being could be created by governments.

Analysis on the Construction of Knowledge Graph of Mass Events Based on Ontology

Mass incidents pose a serious threat to public order and national security, building a knowledge base in the field of mass incidents, visualizing the relationship between entities from incidents, and scientifically reasoning about key information about incidents have become key links in effectively responding to mass violence crimes. In view of the lack of existing mass incident knowledge graph analysis methods and strong subjective reasoning methods, based on the BiLSTM-CRF model, this paper analyzes event elements and entity associations by extracting entities from the text data of mass events, the protege software is used to construct the mass event ontology model, and the visualization of the mass event knowledge graph is realized based on the neo4j graph database. The research results show that the knowledge graph established in this paper can better reflect the correlation between the elements in the mass incident, and is of great significance to the national security department to improve the emergency decision-making ability.

Genomic Characterization of WRKY Transcription Factors Related to Andrographolide Biosynthesis in Andrographis paniculata.

Andrographolide, which is enriched in the leaves of Andrographis paniculata, has been known as “natural antibiotic” due to its pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. Several key enzymes in andrographolide biosynthetic pathway have been studied since the genome sequences were released, but its regulatory mechanism remains unknown. WRKY transcription factors proteins have been reported to regulate plant secondary metabolism, development as well as biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, WRKY transcription factors related to andrographolide biosynthesis were systematically identified, including sequences alignment, phylogenetic analysis, chromosomal distribution, gene structure, conserved motifs, synteny, alternative splicing event and Gene ontology (GO) annotation. A total of 58 WRKYs were identified in Chuanxinlian genome and phylogenetically classified into three groups. Moreover, nine WRKY genes underwent alternative splicing events. Furthermore, the combination of binding site prediction, gene-specific expression patterns, and phylogenetic analysis suggested that 7 WRKYs (ApWRKY01, ApWRKY08, ApWRKY12, ApWRKY14, ApWRKY19, ApWRKY20, and ApWRKY50) might regulate andrographolide biosynthesis. This study laid a foundation for understanding the regulatory mechanism of andrographolide biosynthesis and the improvement and breeding of Andrographis paniculata varieties.

History’s Time

The article maintains that the so-called temporal turn that has recently taken hold in the theory of history expands the subject matter of academic historiography (allow- ing it to include the previously little-studied ways of experiencing and ordering time during the eras that preceded the institutionalization of historical knowledge and the formation of classical historicism’s linear temporality), while also eliciting questions about its practical purpose and “the use and abuse of history in life.” The author sug- gests using Michel de Certeau’s idea from the 1980s of repoliticizing historiography as a way to gain insight into this topic. The author finds that repoliticization adopted as a research strategy can be deployed in two modes: a) as a critique of professional historiography’s ambition to obtain maximally objective knowledge about a past which is considered fundamen- tally different from the present and incompatible with it; and b) as a special practice- oriented philosophy of history, which is to be called “radical historicism.” In the first use of repoliticization, the criticism is along the lines of studying the “practical past” as Hayden White advocated in his book of that title, the last one to be published before his death. In it he exposed the antagonism between the historical past that is created by professional historians and the practical past that is available to any- one without exception. The author proposes his own approach to the concept of rad- ical historicism, inspired by Mark Bevir’s writings as well as by the ideas of a number of famous Marxist thinkers and theorists of radical democracy. Generally speaking, radical historicism holds to a contingent ontology of the historical event (its radical novelty) and a rejection of the present state of affairs (in which the historian lives) as a “natural” or “legitimate” configuration of historical forces and processes.

SSN_SEM: Design and application of a fusion ontology in the field of medical equipment

Abstract The importance of standardized operation of medical equipment is self-evident. An effective method is to construct the medical equipment domain ontology as the background knowledge base, and make judgments on the legality of the user’s operation sequence based on the ontology, and guide the user to legally operate the equipment. After analysis, medical device data mainly comes from internal sensors. If we want to build an ontology background knowledge base, we can combine data with user operations, map the ontology to events, and build a directed graph model through events to form the final ontology. In this paper, we take the atomized particle preparation device in the field of medical equipment as an example, and selects and constructs the ontology by analyzing the internal structure and use process of the device.The application-level ontology selects the SSN ontology in the sensor field, and the upper ontology selects the general event ontology SEM. Combining the above two ontology and the characteristics of the medical device field, the ontology SSN_SEM is constructed, and the actual data of the device is semantically annotated through the SSN_SEM ontology, which verifies the validity of the ontology.

HUMAN SITUATION AND MODERN ANTHROPOLOGICAL DISCOURSE

The paper proposes the author's vision of a person's situation and a version of building a modern anthro-pological discourse in this situation. Within the framework of this discourse, concepts such as event ontol-ogy, anthropological navigation, life trajectory, anthropoid cartoid, etc. are introduced. It is proposed to consider the role of the dictionary of this discourse not as a system of definitions and terms, but as a map of landmarks and regulators. In this regard, the way of conceptual work is changing in the direction of building concept-guidelines. Within the framework of anthropological navigation, it is proposed to con-sider the types and genres of anthropological practitioners, such as the practices of taking care of oneself, anthropological practices of mapping personality, life trajectories and anthropoid cartoids. The modern human situation through the eyes of this discourse is seen as a situation of ontological disorientation, in which a person loses his basic guidelines, the norm to be. In this regard, the author proposes to consider the key task - the renormalization of a person, his own restoration of the norm to be in new conditions.

Blockchain, black magic and event ontology Interview with Alexander Boldachev

Alexander Boldachev is a Russian philosopher, futurologist (member of the Association of Futurologists of Russia), author of books and articles on universal evolutionism, biological evolution, philosophy of artificial intelligence, temporal ontology, epistemology, and logic. System architect and analyst of blockchain applications, author of articles on the problems of trust technologies, eGovernment, web 3.0, semantic modeling of complex systems, speaker of many specialized conferences.

An Event Ontology Model Research for Environmental Pollution Emergencies

In the modeling process, event ontology design pattern (EODP) is a solution to recurring the same error scheme. It can speed up the construction of event ontology and avoid design ambiguity. A general event model structure is proposed in this paper. In the absence of domain-specific vocabulary, the model structure can represent the most general event information in web text. Based on this, the concept of event ontology mode and the method of extracting event ontology mode are proposed, and the method is used to establish the environmental pollution emergency ontology mode based on shared vocabulary. Finally, the ontology model of environmental pollution emergencies was formalized by using description logic, and the domain event ontology model was implemented by using the event ontology model to verify its validity and conceptual consistency.

People and practices in organizational learning

This article discusses the role of practices and people’s participation in practices in conceptual accounts of organizing, learning, and organizational learning. Specifically, the discussion takes its point of departure in Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger’s account of learning as legitimate peripheral participation in practices, and Theodore Schatzki’s practice theory account of organizing and organizations. Both accounts center on the role of practices as people come to know, and as changes occur in social activity and organizational settings. However, the two accounts are based on different ontologies. Borrowing the terminology of John Dewey and Arthur Bentley, Lave and Wenger instantiate a substantivist, and ultimately individualist, ontology, whereas Schatzki’s event ontology is relational. It is argued that both ontologies have merits of their own, but the article seeks to integrate the two approaches by utilizing Ole Dreier’s notion of the life trajectories of persons across social practices. In this perspective, organizational learning shows when people’s life trajectories are affected by the bundles of social practices they engage with, and when the bundles of social practices are transformed by the way people enact the practices.