Event Managers Research Articles

Realization of environmentally friendly behaviours in sports from the point of view of managers and organizers

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to realize environmentally friendly behaviors in sports from the point of view of managers and organizers of sports events. Methodology: In order to collect data, a 4-part researcher-made questionnaire including 40 questions was used. The face and content validity was confirmed by a survey of related faculty members, and its reliability was reported using Cronbach's alpha of 0.83. The statistical sample of the research consists of managers and organizers of sports events in ten provinces of the country. After distributing the questionnaires, finally 254 questionnaires were returned. Results: Data analysis was done using Amos and SPSS-19 software. Pearson's correlation coefficient and path analysis were used to test hypotheses, and bootstrap method was used to test indirect relationships (mediation). The proposed model was also tested to investigate the relationships between the factors. The results showed that the three factors of environmental awareness, perception of environmental effects, and the intention to support green sports events affect the actual environmental friendly behavior. Also, the results showed that the variable that intends to support green sports events plays a role as a mediating variable and the extent of the impact of environmental awareness and perception on the actual environmentally friendly behavior is caused by the intention to support green sports events. Conclusions: Based on the proposed research model, the environmentally friendly behaviors of sports event organizers and managers and their intention to protect green sports events are largely influenced by their knowledge and understanding of environmental issues. It seems that understanding the basic factors affecting people's actual and supportive behaviors towards green sports is necessary to promote environmental behavior.

Bibliometrics Analysis of Event Management in the Digital Era: Challenges and Opportunities for Event Planners

To remain competitive, event planners must stay current with the latest trends and technologies, such as virtual and augmented reality, artificial intelligence and the Internet. This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software to provide insight into the intellectual structure of knowledge using citation and co-citation networks, as well as key concepts using a keyword co-occurrence network, on the topic of opportunities and challenges faced by event planners when managing events in the digital era. The investigation begins by examining the Scopus database for articles published with keywords relevant to the topic. VOSviewer software was used for science mapping and network analysis of extracted data. This systematic field mapping helps graphically illustrate the publication evolution between 2015 and 2024 and identify the current research interests and potential directions for future research. A total of 125 articles were included comprising 44 conference papers, 39 original articles, 9 book chapters, 5 books, and 2 reviews. The United States, United Kingdom and Germany were the principal countries of origin of publications. The most frequently appearing keywords were “information management” with 116 occurrences and “network security” with 68 occurrences. The top five keywords with the greatest total link strength were information management, network security, security information and event management, cybersecurity, and intrusion detection. It is imperative that stakeholders, including funding agencies, event management organizations, researchers, and event managers, collaborate to ensure that the volume of quality research in this area keeps pace with the rapid advancements transforming the industry.

Investigation of the relationships between the brand personality of running activity, the involvement, the identification and the intention to repeat participation

ABSTRACT Purpose/Rationale To investigate the role of brand personality in the involvement, identification and repeated participation of running activity, as well as the influence of brand personality, involvement and identification on repeated participation. Design/Methodology/Approach A sample of 200 runners who regularly train in the stadiums of a city in the north of Greece was collected before the start of a daily training session. Runners filled in questionnaires evaluating: (a) the brand personality of running, (b) involvement with running, (c) identification with running, and (d) behavioral intentions. The face and content validity of the measures were investigated multidimensionally. Findings (a) sophistication and excitement significantly affect involvement with running, (b) sophistication, excitement and sincerity, contribute to the prediction of identification with the activity, (c) the intention to repeat the participation is predicted by the centrality and attractiveness of involvement but also by the competence and sincerity of the brand personality. Practical Implications Enhancement of brand personality factors such as sophistication and excitement, will increase both involvement and repeated participation. This information can be useful for sport governing bodies and authorities, institutions, clubs, coaches, event managers and running programs/activities organizers to keep runners as active participants in their offerings. Research Contribution It contributes to the understanding of brand personality’s role in running activity through specific dimensions that significantly affect involvement and identification.

Sistem informasi manajemen ticketing event dengan payment gateway berbasis Node.js dan Next.js

University of Merdeka Malang, which is a private university in Malang City, is one of the music concerts held by one of the faculties, namely FTI Fest. However, in managing this event, various manual methods are still used and tend to be less effective in carrying out transaction processes, especially in terms of ticket sales. Therefore, a management information system is needed that suits your needs. In designing this information system using the waterfall method. The research stages were carried out starting from system requirements analysis, system design, implementation, system testing to maintenance. The results of this research make it easier for admins or event managers to carry out event and ticket management, simplify the process of recording transactions, apart from that, with the existence of a payment gateway, buyers can carry out event ticket purchase transactions anywhere and at any time.

Understanding the experiences of virtual race participants through the lens of mindfulness theory

ABSTRACT The development of digital technologies and innovations has contributed, in part, to the rise of virtual races. As a type of active leisure event, virtual races have the potential to overcome geographic constraints and attract more participants. To further our understanding of participants’ virtual race experiences, we adopted mindfulness theory to examine components that contributed to participants reporting a mindful experience or a mindless experience, respectively. Qualitative data were collected via photo-elicitation interviews with 20 informants who completed the 2020 Illinois Marathon Virtual Race in the United States. Findings showed that components that led to informants reporting a mindful experience included: 1) a self-created connection to place, 2) bounded creativity, and 3) an adaptive mindset, whilst components that led to informants reporting a mindless experience included 1) the absence of event formalities and 2) anchoring bias. Based on these findings, we developed a model of mindful/mindless virtual race experiences. Implications for active leisure event literature and mindfulness theory were discussed, along with practical recommendations for how event managers and participants can co-create a mindful virtual race experience.

Examining the Mega‐Event Space???Perception Nexus: An Advanced Epicenter Effect Perspective

Previous research emphasizes that residents living within an event’s epicenter (i.e., host city) will exhibit the greatest positive and negative event legacy perceptions. However, given that mega‐events often include multiple event spaces to operationalize hosting (e.g., satellite cities), a single epicenter perspective is challenged. We examined residents’ social legacy perceptions of a mega‐event with multiple event sites to test an epicenter effect within this event ecosystem. Data were collected via surveys from 1,901 residents living within four event spaces: Host City, Satellite, Provincial, and National. Statistical analyses revealed event space significantly influenced residents’ social legacy perceptions but not linearly as previously theorized. Rather, Satellite residents perceived the highest positive legacies, not Host City residents. This evidence advances epicenter effect theorizing by highlighting how various event spaces can amplify or diminish residents’ perceptions. Event managers should leverage multiple event spaces to maximize positive legacy perceptions while minimizing negative legacy perceptions.

Brand perception and its relationships to satisfaction with a virtual sporting event

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to use structural equation modeling to examine the interaction between the variables of corporate image, credibility, trust and satisfaction in the context of a virtual sporting event. The aim is to determine whether these variables have significant relationships with each other and which of them has the greatest influence on the prediction of participants' satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachA structured questionnaire was used, based on previously validated scales. The survey was administered using the LimeSurvey platform. The sample consisted of a total of 588 participants of the Medellín virtual marathon.FindingsThe results of the study reveal significant findings regarding the relationships between the variables of corporate image, credibility, trust, and satisfaction in virtual sporting events. In particular, it is highlighted that trust emerges as the most influential factor in participants' satisfaction, which offers an insightful understanding of the importance of this variable in the user experience in virtual sporting events.Research limitations/implicationsThis study emphasizes the importance of brand analysis in the sports environment, stressing that the actions undertaken by managers should highlight both the corporate image and the connections with users, given their fundamental role in customer satisfaction. Likewise, the study of these variables within the sports context provides new knowledge and fills existing gaps within the academy. Limitations include the sample and the lack of consideration of all brand variables.Practical implicationsThe need to cultivate a strong and well-managed image to build trust with participants is emphasized for organizers of virtual sporting events. It is crucial to work on establishing long-term credibility, especially in the relatively new context of virtual racing. Maintaining, and building the virtual career offering is essential to strengthening relationships, demonstrating a robust corporate image. In addition, since trust and credibility have a significant impact on participant satisfaction in this type of event, managers must communicate the assurance that virtual careers offer an experience free of uncertainty and risk, which is particularly attractive to a new customer base interested in this format.Originality/valueThis article presents an original contribution by investigating the relationships between corporate image, credibility, trust, and satisfaction in the context of virtual sporting events. It employs a structural equation model to assess the significance and predictive capacity of these variables. Notably, the study identifies trust as the most influential factor in predicting participant satisfaction. These findings offer valuable insights into the relative importance of brand variables in shaping user satisfaction within the virtual sporting event domain. By shedding light on these dynamics, the research aids event managers in making informed resource allocation decisions, contributing to a nuanced understanding of brand impact in this context.

A multi‐objective model for publicly funded festival planning

AbstractThis article proposes a multi‐objective mixed‐integer linear programming model to assist event managers in obtaining and evaluating non‐dominated solutions to the problem of selecting a daily lineup of shows and activities for a festival – be it cultural, sports, ceremonial or any other kind. The model, which is especially adequate for designing festivals with public funding, has five objectives, relating to financial, logistical and how renowned the festival artists or acts are. It includes support for multiple days, multiple stages and different types of shows, all subject to constraints imposed by the intrinsic nature of the festival itself. The output of the model is a set of optimized daily lineups for the activities that constitute the festival, each corresponding to a particular compromise between the five objectives. The approach is demonstrated with a case study for a 5‐day festival, for which non‐dominated solutions are derived, presented and discussed. Results show that the model can provide a good variety of solutions while ensuring the persistence of the more desirable shows. The model is a novel decision support tool to assist in designing festival lineups that provide optimal audience experience, a key factor in attracting spectators, tourists and increasing comeback value.

‘Tomorrowland’: identity construction and expression through flags and costumes in a music festival

ABSTRACT Tomorrowland is a unique electronic music festival where most attendees are showing up with flags, accessories, and costumes. This research investigates consumers’ identity construction and expression through the experience of such a festival, focusing on the material possessions that are used there. Through a naturalistic interpretive approach, using interviews, observations and projective material and following a grounded theory analysis, we propose a typology of seven profiles of festivalgoers based on their external appearance and behaviours. We also describe seven functions fulfiled by the material possessions of festivalgoers. Finally, we discuss our findings along four interpretive dimensions related to the (re)creation and expression of private and collective selves and we provide some implications for festival and event managers.

Events Management Practices and Performance of Selected HEIs in National Capital Region: Inputs for Sustainable Business Generating Projects

Events management practices played a crucial role in the success and performance of higher education institutions (HEIs) in implementing sustainable business generating projects. This study examined the inputs related to events management practices and their impact on the performance of selected HEIs in the context of sustainable business generating projects. The research aimed to provide insights into effective strategies and best practices that could enhance the success of these projects within HEIs. The study adopted a quantitative research approach, utilizing surveys to gather data from a sample of selected HEIs. The study identified key success factors and challenges faced by HEIs in managing events and sustaining their business generating initiatives. It also provided practical recommendations and guidelines for HEIs to optimize their events management practices and improve project performance. The research outcomes were valuable for HEI administrators, event managers, and other stakeholders involved in sustainable business generating projects within the higher education sector. By identifying effective strategies and practices, this study aimed to enhance the ability of HEIs to generate sustainable business opportunities through events and contribute to the overall development and reputation of these institutions. In conclusion, this study sought to bridge the gap in knowledge regarding events management practices and their impact on the performance of HEIs in sustainable business generating projects. The findings informed decision-making processes and enabled HEIs to implement effective and sustainable events management strategies, ultimately leading to enhanced project performance and long-term success.

Shariah Compliance in Malay Wedding Ceremony Expenditure

Traditional Malay weddings are fast becoming an expensive affair these days, mainly due to escalation in its overall expenditure, and compounded by some additional rituals, overpriced wedding trappings and services by event managers. While the trend to spend lavishly during weddings is on the rise, the Malay community seems to ignore concerns related with wastefulness which is against Islamic values. This article examines wedding expenditures in Islam and attempts to justify its excessiveness vis-à-vis shariah compliance through the qualitative research method. The data have been collected by interviewing the wedding planners and shariah experts. Data from interviews are analysed by using the thematic content analysis method. These interviews revealed that the Malay community tends to justify high expenditure in four different categories of expenditures. Four categories are examined from the shariah perspective with regard to shariah ideas and validation from shariah experts. Theoretically, Islam acknowledges the Muslims’ right to own and manage their property according to their abilities. The Islamic concept of spending focuses on halal resources, i.e., wholesome, good, and beneficial things, which bring about spiritual rewards. Wedding expenditure is considered shariah-compliant so long as it adheres to the basic concept of not glamourising events and resources not wasted on rituals considered unIslamic. Extra expenditure such as beauty treatment, beautification, dais and photography requirement must comply with relevant shariah edicts. As for the moral aspect of the wedding, the study concludes that the ceremony is only considered shariah-compliant if it conforms to the rules of modesty, gender segregation, awrah, wearing of jewellery, and entertainment. Further, traditional wedding dances should not contain inappropriate elements, and songs sung on the occasion should not contain inappropriate and crude language.

Sport events and the environment: Assessing the carbon footprint of spectators’ modal choices at professional football games in Austria

As a response to the increasing threat to sport events from climate change and expectations around climate change mitigation, sport event managers increasingly engage in environmentally-related initiatives that aim to reduce GHG emissions. One of the major contributors to GHG emissions at large sport events is spectators' travel and, thus, their associated modal choices. Building on the Sport Logistics Framework (SLF) and using the case study of Rapid Vienna, the largest football club in Austria, this study investigates spectators’ modal choice to systematically assess the total GHGs emitted by spectators at a professional football home game. Data was obtained from two sources: a) an extensive data set collected on Rapid Vienna season ticket holders, and b) three surveys at home games which, together, constituted 3317 valid responses. The calculation of the GHG emissions resulted in 99,548 kg GHG emissions per home game or 6.0 kg GHG emissions per spectator. It was also found that 42.4 per cent spectators arriving by car emit 71.6 per cent of GHG emissions, while in contrast, 52.8 per cent of spectators using public transport emit 27.1 per cent of GHG emissions. The results also indicate that the possession of an annual public transport ticket seems to determine travel behavior, i.e. the majority of spectators with an annual ticket are using it, while spectators without a ticket are using a car. As such, this paper not only provides an opportunity for academics and managers to benchmark the data in order to identify initiatives to reduce the impact of GHG emissions, but also allows for the systematic measuring of the environmental impact of fan and spectator travel.

Nostalgia-based marketing campaigns and sport participation

PurposeFramed by nostalgia marketing, this research draws upon lessons from ParticipACTION, a Canadian non-profit health promotion organization, to examine one of their most well-known campaigns, Body Break with ParticipACTION, in order to assess the potential role for nostalgia-based marketing campaigns in sport participation across generational cohorts.Design/methodology/approachExploratory sequential mixed methods involving two studies were completed on behalf of ParticipACTION, with the authors developing the research instruments and the collection of the data undertaken by research agencies. Study 1 was the secondary analysis of qualitative data from five focus groups with different demographic compositions that followed a common question guide. Study 2 was a secondary data analysis of a pan-Canadian online survey with a sample (n = 1,475) representative of the overall adult population that assessed awareness of, and attitudes toward, ParticipACTION, Body Break, physical activity and sport participation. Path analysis tested a proposed model that was based on previous research on attitudes, brand and loyalty. Further, multi-group path analyses were conducted to compare younger generations with older ones.FindingsThe results provide direction and understanding of the importance of nostalgia in marketing sport participation programs across generational cohorts. For instance, in the four parent-adult focus groups, unaided references as well as frequent and detailed comments regarding Body Break were observed. Similarly, Millennials reported that Body Break was memorable, Canadian and nostalgic, with a mix of positive and negative comments. The importance of nostalgia was supported sequentially via results from the national survey. For example, while 54.1% of the 40–54 age-group associated ParticipACTION positively with Body Break, so did 49.8% of the 25–39-year age group, most of whom were not born when the promotion ran. Further, brand resonance was found to explain 4% more variance in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), the proxy for sport participation, for younger people compared to older people.Practical implicationsResults provide direction to brands, properties and agencies around the use of nostalgia in sport marketing campaigns and sponsorship efforts. For brands seeking to sponsor sport properties to alter their image with potential consumers in a new market, associating with a sport property that many view as nostalgic could improve the impact of the campaign. On the sport property side, event managers and marketers should both identify existing assets that members or fans are nostalgic about, as well as consider building nostalgia into current and new properties they develop.Originality/valueThis research is valuable to the sport marketing and sponsorship literature through several contributions. First, the use of nostalgia marketing, and nostalgia in general, is novel in the sport marketing and sponsorship literature, with future research in nostalgia and sponsorship recommended. Second, the potential to adopt or adapt Body Break to other sport participation and physical activity properties is empirically supported. Finally, the finding that very effective promotions can have a long-lasting effect, both on those who experienced the campaigns as well as younger populations who only heard about it, is notable.

Digitalization in the event industry: a bibliometric analysis

PurposeThe paper aims to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art of the event industry in the context of digitalization to understand how digital technologies change the event industry and what research topics are the most promising for further exploration.Design/methodology/approachA bibliometric analysis of the existing body of knowledge on the topic was conducted and the results were visualized using CiteSpace 5.8.R3. A total of 1999 articles and proceeding papers from the Web of Science Core Collection published between 2007 and 2022 were selected for our analysis. Based on the articles and proceeding papers in the Web of Science Core Collection database, we selected a set of publications for our analysis. The data were obtained through specific keywords related to our research topic. The method involves a process of three main stages: data collection, data processing and the bibliometric analysis.FindingsCo-citation analysis indicated that issues of crowd management and tracking human mobility during mass events are important for the event industry and that technologies such as the Internet of Things, special-purpose mobile applications and systems make it easier for an event organizer to handle the issues. The findings demonstrated a weak scientific collaboration between countries in the topic studied and shift of research hotspots to study of satisfaction, motivation and behavioral patterns of events attendees. Based on this analysis, three directions for future research were revealed.Research limitations/implicationsThe results should be interpreted in light of our sample, because the analysis was conducted within our sample which has boundaries. We collected data from all categories in the Web of Science Core Collection database, but we considered only articles and proceeding papers as opposed to all possible types of scientific publications and other databases. In the study, we focused on detecting the state-of-the-art of the event industry in the context of digitalization overall. More specific topics that could be analyzed remain, for example, the dependency of digital technologies from the event type, etc.Practical implicationsThis study reflects the state-of-the-art of the event industry in the context of digitalization. It provides researchers with key developmental trends in the event industry, which assists them in more deeply understanding the evolution of research hotspots in the field during last 15 years and defining future research agenda. The paper presents an overview of digital technologies used in various types of events and describes the issues and results related to the implementing digital technologies. The results obtained were extremely important, as they can be used by event managers and organizers to enhance customers’ experience during the events.Originality/valueThis study reflects the state-of-the-art of the event industry in the context of digitalization. This is the first attempt to make an overall analysis of scientific papers published in the Web of Science Core Collection on the topic studied without excluding any categories. The search procedure is transparent, and the results can be reproduced in other search fields using the same approach. Based on this analysis, three directions for future research were revealed including technological aspects of online event-based social networks, issues of crowd management and security at mass events and issues of attendees’ acceptance of novel digital technologies.

Leveraging the Cancellation of In-Person Sport Events for Sense of Community: The Case of the Illinois Marathon

The current study explored how the cancellation of an in-person sport event was leveraged for sense of community (SOC) among event participants and challenges faced by event managers when leveraging event cancellation. We employed document analysis and semistructured interviews with 6 event managers and 14 event participants. Findings showed that despite the cancellation of in-person sport events, event managers were able to develop some new, creative sport or event programs such as virtual race, virtual challenge, and a small-scale in-person race, to build SOC among participants. However, there were also challenges to leveraging event cancellation for SOC such as prioritizing other urgent matters over leveraging the event, and lacking knowledge, experience, and resources. Overall, this study extends the event leverage framework by examining if and how event cancellation can be leveraged, while providing implications for event managers to develop effective leverage strategies in the face of event cancellations.

Redefining the game: Principal-agent dynamics in sports event management during the COVID-19 pandemic era

This paper examines the impact of COVID-19 on sports events management from a Principal-Agent (PA) Theory perspective. By applying the known elements of the PA-relationship to sports events organized during the COVID-19 pandemic, experts (n = 15) from both the event owners and managers sides were interviewed, examining perspectives on the pandemics impacts on operations, relationships, and interactions between these two main actors. Results suggest while unique operational challenges in staging events during the height of the pandemic were experienced, positive outcomes in areas such as PA-communication, collaboration, operational efficiencies, and acceptance of digitization advancements were also seen. The results also indicate lessons learned that can be carried forward into the future. In applying the PA-Theory from economics to sports events, practical and scientific contributions are provided by examining the impacts of extended crisis on the PA-Relationship in sports events in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Exploring Social Entrepreneurial Activities at a Community Sport Event in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic

Community sport events are uniquely positioned to engage in social entrepreneurial activities. This engagement can help navigate challenges facing the event sector. Therefore, this study explored the social entrepreneurial activities in which community sport event managers engaged amid COVID19. Qualitative data were collected via semistructured interviews with five event managers and 10 nonprofit managers involved in the Illinois Marathon in the US. Findings showed that event managers engaged in social entrepreneurial activities through 1) leveraging a corporate partner to facilitate long-term relationships with local nonprofits, 2) delivering an impactful alternate event, and 3) hosting postevent banquets. These activities addressed social problems through 1) listening to and responding to immediate community needs, 2) raising awareness about social issues, and 3) shining a positive light on the community. Findings contribute to the literature on events and social entrepreneurship and provide implications for how event managers partake in effective social entrepreneurial activities.

EXAMINING PESTEL ANALYSIS OF EVENT BUSINESSES IN MALAYSIA

This study aims to examine the impact of Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal (PESTEL) factors on event businesses in Malaysia. Using qualitative interpretive methods and data from in-depth interviews with 15 event managers, the study identified several external factors affecting event operations. The results show that political factors such as government policies, small business funding grants, and global trade agreements or restrictions can significantly impact event businesses. Economic factors such as exchange rates, labor costs, globalization, and economic growth or decline can also affect operations, while social factors such as consumer trends, tastes, buying habits, lifestyle factors, and population demographics can also play a role. Technological factors, including tools and technological advancements, incentives, and the widespread use of social media, are also identified as important. Moreover, environmental factors such as supply chain management, procurement, future pandemics, ethical sourcing, sustainable resources, weather and climate, risk assessment, multiracial sensitivity, and geographical location are found to impact event businesses as well. Finally, legal factors such as health and safety regulations, employment laws, common laws, and consumer protection laws can also affect event operations. Overall, this study highlights the importance of conducting PESTEL analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of external factors that can impact event businesses. By using this analysis, event managers can develop strategies to mitigate risks and adapt to the changing market conditions. The findings suggest that event managers must remain vigilant in monitoring and responding to political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors to ensure the success of their operations.

Artificial intelligence carbon neutrality strategy in sports event management based on STIRPAT-GRU and transfer learning

IntroductionWith the growing concern over carbon emissions and their impact on climate change, achieving carbon neutrality has become a critical objective in various sectors, including sports event management. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers promising solutions for addressing environmental challenges and enhancing sustainability. This paper presents a novel approach to developing AI-powered carbon neutrality strategies for sports event management.MethodsIn this research, we combine the STIRPAT model for analyzing the influence of population, wealth, and technology on carbon emissions in sports events with a GRU neural network for predicting future emissions trends and enhance the model's accuracy using transfer learning, creating a comprehensive approach for carbon emissions analysis in sports event management. ResultsOur experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach. The combination of the STIRPAT model, GRU neural network, and transfer learning outperforms alternative methods. This success highlights the model's ability to predict carbon emissions in sports events accurately and to develop effective carbon neutrality strategies. DiscussionThe significance of this research lies in its potential to empower sports event managers with a data-driven approach to carbon emissions management. By understanding the key drivers and leveraging AI for prediction and strategy development, the sports industry can transition towards greater sustainability and environmental friendliness. This paper contributes to the broader effort of mitigating carbon emissions and addressing climate change concerns across various domains, ultimately leading to a more sustainable future.

Parasitic events and host destination resource dependence: Evidence from the Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games

Major events possess limited resources relative to those they must seize, extract and control from a host destination. All sport events, to varying degrees, are parasitic as they are highly dependent onexternal host destination resource environments to deliver complex operational and strategic event objectives. This dynamic poses a management challenge as the event's existence, sustenance and survival is principally determined by: 1) the host's munificence (the host destination's willingness to offer up local resources), and 2) the event's ability to secure the resources required for an extended period of time. This article investigates these complex resourcing relationships through an in-depth case study of the 2018 Commonwealth Games held on the Gold Coast, Australia, a well-developed tourist destination. Methodologically, we draw on interviews with representatives from the government, event managers and host community networks. Alongside the interviews, we analyse policy and planning documentation, and review in-person, observational evidence gathered before and during the 2018 Commonwealth Games. We apply, and extend, resource dependency theory and associated concepts to explain the event-host destination resourcing relationship. We detail how and why major events deploy constraint absorption (hard power) and co-optation (soft power) tactics to render a host destination's resource under internal control, reflecting on the parasitic nature of the event-host relationship. We conclude that the transfer of resource to external agents, justified as a means of reducing organisational uncertainty and operational failure, actually leads to deleterious outcomes for local stakeholders and the host destination, undermining the event's own social sustainability and inclusivity objectives.