Management Of Events Research Articles

Nutraceutical formulation based on a synergic combination of melatonin and palmitoylethanolamide for the management of allergic events.

The management of allergic events is a growing global health issue, especially in industrialized countries. This disease is an immune-mediated process, regulated by the interaction of IgE with an allergen, resulting in mast cell activation, which concerns the release of several immune-inflammatory modulators, i.e., histamine, β-hexosaminidase, COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α, responsible for the main allergic-reaction associated symptoms. The aim of the present study was the efficacy evaluation of an alternative remedy, an innovative nutraceutical formulation (NF) based on the synergic combination of melatonin (MEL) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) for the prevention and treatment of immune disease. At first, the intestinal bioaccessibility of PEA and MEL in NF was assessed at 1.6 and 36%, respectively. Then the MEL and PEA ability to modulate the release of immune-inflammatory modulators in the human mast cell line (HMC-1.2) at their bioaccessible concentration was investigated. Our results underline that NF treatment was able to reduce COX-2 mRNA transcription levels (-30% vs. STIM, p < 0.0001) in stimulated HMC-1.2 and to contract COX-2 enzymatic activity directly (IC50: 152 μg/mL). Additionally, NF showed valuable ability in reducing histamine and β-hexosaminidase release in stimulated HMC-1.2, as well as in decreasing TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA transcription levels and protein production.

Evaluation of Information Technology Services Using the Information Technology Infrastructure Library Framework

This study aims to evaluate PT Gramedia Asri Media to find out whether the company's IT services meet the best standards of the ITIL V3 Service Operations framework. Service Operations focus includes Problem Management, Incident Management, Access Management, Request Fulfillment, and Event Management. Evaluation is carried out in four stages: planning, field inspection, reporting, and follow-up. The results indicate the maturity level of IT service implementation. For data collection, questionnaires were distributed to five people who were surveyed and interviewed with the heads of engineering services and support staff. The results show that the company's IT service maturity level is at level one. In addition, this research produced seventy suggestions for companies to improve their IT services. The results show that almost all suggestions were well received by the company, and some of them have been implemented at PT Gramedia Asri Media. However, of course, with the problems discovered from this research, there will be a desire to improve service and performance.

A qualitative study of head nurses’ experience in China: forced growth during patient safety incidents

BackgroundIn patient safety accidents, nurse managers are indirectly victimized by the pressures from many aspects and become the second victim. This study delves into the experiences of nurse managers in China, aiming to uncover their cognition and provide reference for relevant managers.MethodsA descriptive phenomenological approach was used to gain insight into the inner reality of nurse leaders’ experiences and management perceptions of experiencing patient safety incidents. The data of 15 nurse leaders who experienced patient safety incidents in Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Province, China, were collected via face‒to‒face semi-structured interviews, and the data were analyzed via the 7-step analysis method of Colaizzi.ResultsOn the basis of the content of the interviews, three themes were identified, the emotional experience of experiencing patient safety events, role dilemmas, the obstruction and conceptual reshaping of nursing management. Eight subthemes as follows: physical and mental health-related symptoms due to passive coping and life and work disorder, self-relief, playing multiple roles with lack of role adjustment ability, blurred role positioning and initial signs of job burnout, event replay is impeded, Inaccurate analysis of safety incidents, subversion and remolding of the nursing management concept. Finally, it can be abstracted as “forced growth in patient safety events”.ConclusionPatient safety incidents can lead to negative impacts, role dilemmas, and management confusion for head nurses, but they also promote purposeful rumination, meditation, and growth. Medical institutions should pay attention to special groups that are second victims of head nurses and construct a safety event support system for nurse leaders to improve the post-training and education system for nurse leaders, help them better adapt to their roles, break through their role dilemmas, improve their post-competence, and construct an effective safety event management system.

An Occupational Dimethylacetamide Poisoning Incident Responded Efficiently in Health Emergency Response Network - Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, China, August 2023.

Dimethylacetamide (DMA), a colorless liquid with low toxicity, is commonly used as a solvent in the production of synthetic materials, petroleum processing, and pharmaceutical manufacture. In comparison to substances of higher toxicity, occupational exposure to DMA presents a deceptive risk due to its insidious and subacute progression, increasing the likelihood of escalating into major incidents. In August 2023, an incident of occupational DMA poisoning involving six cases was reported at a spandex manufacturing factory in Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, China, following post-fire management activities. All affected individuals were employees of an equipment maintenance company tasked with cleaning polymerizers. With the coordinated efforts of the health institutions in Guangdong Health Emergency Response Network for Poisoning Emergencies (HERNPE), the situation was promptly identified and addressed. HERNPE serves as an effective framework for enhancing the integration of health institutions across various levels, facilitating a coordinated response that combines clinical services with public health initiatives. By leveraging the leadership of national centers, HERNPE plays a crucial role in the early detection, prevention, and management of large-scale health events.

Mobilizing CARs: Benefits, drawbacks, and directions for outpatient CAR T-cell therapy

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has heralded a new era in the treatment of various hematological malignancies, increasingly being utilized in earlier lines of therapy. Moreover, cellular therapies are currently under investigation for their potential in treating solid malignancies and autoimmune disorders. As the scope of indications for CAR-T therapy continues to expand, along with the associated reductions in costs and hospital admissions, many medical centers are transitioning towards outpatient CAR-T models. Moreover, ongoing efforts to mitigate complications such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or neurotoxicity include the development of premedication strategies, prompt management of adverse events, and the advancement of newer, safer CAR-T cell therapies. However, despite these advancements, the inherent risk of these life-threatening complications remains a critical concern in CAR-T therapy. Institutions must diligently anticipate and effectively manage these complications to ensure the safety and well-being of patients undergoing CAR-T therapy. This includes establishing robust protocols for timely identification and intervention of adverse events, and seamless pathways for transitioning patients to a higher level of care if necessary. This review provides an overview of the current landscape of outpatient CAR-T therapy and offers essential insights into the key clinical and operational considerations needed to implement a successful outpatient CAR-T program.

Climate challenges for event management: a research agenda

ABSTRACT This research note examines the impacts of human-induced climate change on events. It discusses the increasing vulnerability of these events to climate-related hazards and risks, such as extreme heat, warmer winters, rain/flooding, severe storms, wildfires/bushfires, and their subsequent impacts on event viability and sustainability. Through empirical examples, it illustrates how climate change is already affecting various events worldwide, proposes a framework for assessing the climate vulnerability of events (including exposure and sensitivity to climate hazards as well as adaptive capacity), and discusses potential structural and physical, social, and institutional adaptation strategies. It then draws some conclusions on enhancing event and festival resilience to climate change. Finally, it highlights the urgent need for proactive measures to address climate risks in event planning and management, underscoring the critical importance of integrating climate change considerations into event planning, by presenting a research agenda.

Crowd Control Analysis in Organizing The 2024 Religious Celebration Festival: A Qualitative Approach

One of the largest religious celebration festivals in Indonesia, attracting tens of thousands of visitors both domestically and internationally, involves complex event management. Therefore, the event is required to have a comprehensive risk management strategy to ensure safety, security, and smooth operation. This research aims to examine and analyze crowd control during the religious celebration festival in 2024. The method used by the researchers is a qualitative approach, collecting data through in-depth interviews and participatory observation. The data processed comes from sources who are event organizers involved in crowd management. Furthermore, data analysis is conducted using thematic analysis methods to identify risk categories and the mitigation strategies applied. This research shows that the highest level of risk at the religious celebration festival is crowd control. Therefore, the mitigation policies implemented by the event organizers include contingency planning, training and simulations for security personnel, backup plans for weather changes, and collaboration with various related parties. It is hoped that this research can provide insights for religious event organizers in managing and facing risks in similar events in the future

Budget impact of resmetirom for the treatment of adults with non-cirrhotic non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with moderate to advanced liver fibrosis (consistent with stages F2 to F3 fibrosis)

Aims This study assessed the budget impact of resmetirom as a treatment for adults with non-cirrhotic non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with moderate-to-advanced liver fibrosis and estimated total costs for a hypothetical private payer in the United States. Materials and methods A three-year budget impact analysis based on an open cohort state transition model was developed for a hypothetical one-million-member private health plan. The comparator was Standard of Care (SOC), defined as routine care for non-cirrhotic NASH patients with moderate-to-advanced liver fibrosis. Each year, the number of resmetirom treatment-eligible patients was estimated through prevalent, incident, and diagnostic rate estimates. Costs included resources incurred by the medical and pharmacy benefits of private payers, including resmetirom drug acquisition costs, diagnosis and monitoring, other medical and other prescription costs stratified by disease progression status (i.e. non-cirrhotic vs. cirrhotic/advanced liver diseases). Resmetirom adverse event management costs were included in sensitivity analysis. Drug costs were estimated based on the average wholesale acquisition cost as of March 2024. Other costs were based on published sources and inflated to 2023 US dollars. Budget impact outcomes were presented in aggregate, net, and on a per-member per-month (PMPM) basis. Results Compared with a scenario without resmetirom, the introduction of resmetirom yielded results ranging from 50 to 238 treated patients, net budget impact of $2.2 to $9.5 million, and PMPM from $0.19 to $0.80 over years one and three. Net costs excluding resmetirom declined over time. In sensitivity analyses, results were most sensitive to diagnostic and epidemiologic inputs. Limitations Market shares are based on internal forecasts, a short time horizon, average treatment effects, and other limitations common to BIMs. Conclusion The adoption of resmetirom on the formulary for the treatment of non-cirrhotic NASH with moderate-to-advanced liver fibrosis resulted in a moderate increase in budget impact with declining costs related to NASH progression.

Event industry green practices and management strategies towards client satisfaction in Panay Island: Basis of a sustainability framework

Event industry green practices and management strategies towards client satisfaction in Panay Island: Basis of a sustainability framework

The Role of Mega-events In Promoting Sustainable Behaviour: A Multi-group Analysis Using Micom

ABSTRACT This study investigates the influence of participation in mega events, like Dubai Expo 2020, on factors related to environmentally responsible behavior. Data from 361 UAE respondents were collected, examining environmental concern, social and personal norms, ethical obligations, and perceived behavioral control. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling and Multi-Group Analysis tested the hypotheses. The results showed that environmental concern, ethical ideologies, and perceived behavioral control had stronger impacts on the intention for responsible behavior in event attendees than in non-attendees. Attendees also demonstrated a stronger positive impact on sustainable consumer behavior. These findings offer valuable insights into environmental psychology, sustainability, consumer behavior, and event management, and can inform strategies for promoting sustainable behavior in industries such as travel, tourism, and hospitality.

Technology integration in project and event management: Empowering women entrepreneurs

This review paper explores the integration of technology in project and event management, focusing on its role in empowering women entrepreneurs. It begins with an introduction that sets the context by highlighting the importance of technology in modern management practices and the need to support women entrepreneurs. The literature review traces the historical evolution of technology in this field, examines current trends, and identifies gaps in existing research. The subsequent section delves into key technologies, such as project management software, event planning platforms, and communication tools, outlining their benefits and challenges. The paper then discusses the barriers women entrepreneurs face and how technology can help overcome them, featuring success stories of women who have leveraged digital tools to excel in their ventures. The final section presents future trends, policy recommendations, and best practices for integrating technology, concluding with reaffirming its critical role in empowering women entrepreneurs. Keywords: Technology Integration, Project Management, Event Management, Women Entrepreneurs, Digital Tools.

Sjogren's syndrome due to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs): Insights from a single-institution series and systematic review of the literature.

Careful adverse event assessment and management are important when prescribing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to cancer patients. Iatrogenic Sjogren's syndrome is a relatively rare immune-related adverse event (irAEs) that affects the moisture-producing glands. We describe a series of four patients who developed Sjogren's syndrome while being treated with ICIs at a community cancer center in Southern California, USA (1/1/2017-12/31/2023). Patient, drug and disease-related data were collected by retrospective chart review. A systematic search of the PubMed database was performed to identify similar cases in the literature (1/1/2016-12/31//2023). Of 224 cancer patients at our center treated with ICIs, four (1.8%) developed iatrogenic Sjogren's syndrome. All of our patients were male; three received PD-1 inhibitors (nivolumab, pembrolizumab) and one received the PD-L1 inhibitor atezolizumab. The median time to development of Sjogren's syndrome was 24 weeks (range, 8-36 weeks); dry mouth symptoms were more prominent than dry eye symptoms. None of the patients had elevated SS-A, SS-B or antinuclear antibodies. One patient developed multiple tooth cavities and had several extractions, due to severe xerostomia. Management of all patients was primarily symptomatic. Two cases were irreversible; one was reversible and the 4th case is undermined as he is still on ICI therapy. Our systematic review of the literature identified 80 cases in five articles. Incidence of xerostomia was twice of that of xerophthalmia. The male/female ratio was 1.5:1. SS-A, SS-B, or antinuclear antibodies were found in only 9% of patients. Steroids were reported to have had only a limited role in management. The incidence of Sjogren's syndrome due to ICIs in our center was 1.8%. Details of clinical course and management in these patients are presented. Caring for patients with ICI-related Sjogren's syndrome is facilitated by a multidisciplinary effort including oncologists, otolaryngologists, dentists, ophthalmologists and rheumatologists. Expanding the knowledge base pertaining to iatrogenic Sjogren's syndrome in patients on ICIs will be helpful in promoting early detection and treatment, and improving outcomes.

Thrombotic complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and other cellular therapies

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) immunotherapy are widely used for the management of hematological malignancies. HSCT can be complicated by endothelial injury syndromes, such as HSCT-thrombotic microangiopathy (HSCT-TMA) and sinusoidal obstructive syndrome/veno-occlusive disease (SOS/VOD), which are life-threatening. Moreover, venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) are common in HSCT recipients due to endothelial injury, use of central venous catheters, prolonged hospitalization, and the development of a procoagulant state. VTEs have also been reported post-CAR-T infusion. The management of thrombotic events in these patients is challenging, due to the high risk of bleeding that is present. CAR-T immunotherapy might be followed by toxicities, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neuro-toxicity syndrome (ICANS). Endothelial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of these syndromes. Early recognition and management of the above complications are crucial for better patient outcomes.

Influence of Cultural Festivals on Local Economic Development in Zimbabwe

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of cultural festivals on local economic development in Zimbabwe. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Cultural festivals in Zimbabwe boost local economic development by attracting tourists and increasing spending in businesses, hotels, and restaurants. They also create job opportunities in event management and hospitality. Additionally, these festivals promote cultural heritage and community pride, which can enhance regional attractiveness for investment. However, economic benefits are often concentrated in larger cities, leaving rural areas less impacted. To maximize benefits, it is essential for festival organizers and local governments to ensure equitable distribution of resources and support sustainable infrastructure development. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Creative economy theory, event impact theory &amp; place-based economic development theory may be used to anchor future studies on analyze influence of cultural festivals on local economic development in Zimbabwe. Local governments and festival organizers should develop targeted marketing strategies that not only attract more visitors but also extend the festival’s economic benefits beyond its duration. Develop and implement policies that provide financial and logistical support to cultural festivals. This could include grants, subsidies, or tax incentives for festivals and local businesses involved in the event.

Automatic Determination of Cuttings and Cavings Properties for Hole Cleaning and Wellbore Stability Assessment Using a Laser-Based Sensor

Summary This work describes an accurate method for the automatic, real-time characterization of cuttings and cavings, including their volume, size distribution, and shape/morphology. This method integrates high-resolution images and 3D data (points in 3D space), collected in real time using an integrated laser-based sensor previously tested in the field. In addition, we analyze the effect of the morphological characteristics of cuttings/cavings on the estimated void space between them when they are stacked. The proposed method encompasses (1) the identification of individual cuttings/cavings in the data (segmentation), (2) the extraction of their morphological characteristics, and (3) the estimation of their bulk volume, as well as their effective volume (without the interstitial void space) when these are stacked. To achieve these outputs, our method incorporates (1) optimized image preprocessing methods, (2) state-of-the-art computer vision techniques, (3) ellipse-fitting algorithms, and (4) numerical integration of the 3D data. We validated the proposed method at laboratory scale, simulating challenging field conditions that included poor mud/solids separation and stacked cuttings. The assessment of the hole cleaning sufficiency and wellbore stability is key to preventing undesirable nonproductive time (NPT) events in drilling operations, such as stuck pipe events. The conventional method for such an assessment involves low-frequency sampling of cuttings/cavings from collector trays at the rig shale shakers, as well as their manual characterization by a human. This person infers volume, size distribution, and morphological characteristics of the returning solids stream. This approach results in a biased and often late evaluation of hole cleaning and wellbore stability issues, thereby missing out on opportunities to prevent NPT. Our method enables an accurate real-time characterization of cuttings/cavings, even in challenging conditions such as wet and stacked solids. Additionally, we observed that, when the cuttings/cavings are stacked, the required correction to the initial volume estimation (derived from the integration of the 3D data) depends on their morphological characteristics, as well as the level of stacking. Because our proposed method covers these aspects, it can also provide an accurate measurement of the solids’ volume, serving as the basis for a timely and accurate evaluation of hole cleaning sufficiency and wellbore stability. This work is the first to propose a holistic, automatic, and real-time characterization of cuttings/cavings, including their volume, size distribution, and shape/morphology. Furthermore, it is the first to integrate 3D data with high-resolution images to pursue this objective. The method proposed in this paper can be used for the real-time assessment of hole cleaning sufficiency and wellbore stability, and, consequently, for the prediction, prevention, and better management of NPT-producing events.

37 Cost-effectiveness of treatment sequences with front-line nivolumab+ipilimumab therapy vs immuno-oncology+tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapies in intermediate/poor-risk metastatic renal cell carcinoma

Abstract Background Immuno-oncology (IO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) combinations have transformed the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the most cost-effective sequencing of these systemic therapies. This study aimed to assess the expected health and economic outcomes of various treatment sequences for newly diagnosed patients with intermediate/poor-risk RCC from a US payer perspective. Methods We developed a model using a continuous time micro-simulation framework. First-line treatment options included: nivolumab+ipilimumab, nivolumab+cabozantinib, pembrolizumab+lenvatinib, and pembrolizumab+axitinib. Second-line treatment options included: cabozantinib and everolimus+lenvatinib. In both lines, the source data for the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) distributions were obtained from the registrational randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of each therapy. The analysis included costs associated with drug acquisition in the US wholesale setting, drug administration and monitoring, management of treatment-related adverse events, disease management, and terminal care. Treatment duration for all first-line IO and TKI therapies was capped at 2 years. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated by multiplying time in each phase of the disease by phase-specific utility values estimated from the CheckMate 214 trial data using US tariffs. The analysis was run 1000 times for cohorts of 100 patients over a 20-year time horizon. All costs and health outcomes were discounted annually at a 3% rate. Results Average per-patient QALYs were estimated for each sequence of interest: nivolumab+ipilimumab followed by cabozantinib (3.59), nivolumab+ipilimumab followed by lenvatinib+everolimus (3.26), pembrolizumab+axitinib followed by cabozantinib (3.14), pembrolizumab+axitinib followed by lenvatinib+everolimus (2.97), pembrolizumab+lenvatinib followed by cabozantinib (3.51), and nivolumab+cabozantinib followed by lenvatinib+everolimus (2.99). Average per-patient costs were estimated for each sequence of interest: nivolumab+ipilimumab followed by cabozantinib ($468,856), nivolumab+ipilimumab followed by lenvatinib+everolimus ($491,259), pembrolizumab+axitinib followed by cabozantinib ($675,714), pembrolizumab+axitinib followed by lenvatinib+everolimus ($700,411), pembrolizumab+lenvatinib followed by cabozantinib ($837,888), nivolumab+cabozantinib followed by lenvatinib+everolimus ($873,377). First-line drug acquisition costs accounted for the majority of costs for all sequences. Conclusions Based upon our model using data from registrational RCTs, first-line nivolumab+ipilimumab followed by cabozantinib represents the dominant treatment strategy for intermediate/poor-risk mRCC patients in the US, offering estimated cost savings of up to 45% when compared to IO+TKI options. Additional studies are needed to elucidate whether these cost savings translate to the real-world setting.

Proactive threat hunting to detect persistent behaviour-based advanced adversaries

Persistence behavior is a tactic advanced adversaries use to maintain unauthorized access and control of compromised assets over extended periods. Organizations can efficiently detect persistent adversaries and reduce the growing risks posed by highly skilled cyber threats by embracing creative techniques and utilizing sophisticated tools. By taking a proactive stance, businesses may increase their entire cybersecurity posture by anticipating and mitigating possible risks before they escalate. Security analysts perform thorough investigations and extract meaningful insights from large datasets with greater technical advantage by using Elasticsearch in conjunction with a variety of linguistic tools. This research presents a novel methodology for proactive threat intelligence to identify and mitigate advanced adversaries that use persistent behaviors. The authors designed and set up an Elasticsearch-based advanced Security Information and Event Management platform to offer a proactive threat-hunting strategy. This enables comprehensive analysis and detection by integrating Lucene, Kibana, and domain-specific languages. The goal of this research is to locate hidden advanced enemies who exhibit persistent behavior during cyberattacks. The framework can help improve the organization’s resilience to identify and respond to threats by closely examining activities like boot or logon auto-start execution in registry keys, tampering with system processes and services, and unauthorized creation of local accounts on compromised assets. This study emphasizes proactive actions over reactive reactions, which advances danger detection techniques. This technical study provides security practitioners seeking to improve defenses against new advanced attacks to stay ahead in a dynamic threat landscape.

Upholding human rights in mega sports: A study of governance practices within the IOC and FIFA through the lens of the Ruggie Principle

The human rights and mega sport events (SMEs) discourses gain massive importance and have grown immensely in recent years. Most of the time, the sports governance bodies are responsible for administration and management of these sport mega events. Keeping in consideration the situation regarding increasing involvement, the study focuses on the field of sport along with pleasure and basic rights. Through re-evaluation the commercial factors of sports, the mega governing bodies of sport (IOC & FIFA), and researchers discuss what is referred to commonly as Ruggie Principle, and both would be applied to IOC & FIFA practices, operation, and management regarding their events. This study is essential as it emphasizes the contribution and importance of carrying out human rights impact assessments, particularly in the context of hosting rights. The survey's findings reveal that human rights and due diligence assessments are integral components of organizations such as FIFA and the IOC. This study, being an empirical investigation, allowed us to arrive at some normative conclusions that had significant implications for practices and policy issues. Additionally, it laid the groundwork for future research in the crucial area of SMEs globally.

The Role of Advanced Post-processing Techniques in Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography for the Accurate Diagnosis of Pulmonary Thromboembolism: A Retrospective Study.

Background Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) isthe standard diagnostic tool for evaluating patients with suspected pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in many institutions. This condition, whether acute or chronic, results in both partial and complete intraluminal filling defects, which exhibit sharp interfaces with intravascular contrast material. Acute PTE that leads to complete arterial occlusion may cause the affected artery to appear enlarged. Chronic PTE often manifests as complete occlusive disease in vessels that are smaller than the adjacent patent vessels. CT imaging with iodinated contrast medium is crucial for many CT applications, including vascular CT angiography and CTPA. A comprehensive review of a case necessitates an integrated approach known as volume visualization, wherein the entire case is treated as a volume of information to be thoroughly reviewed. Advanced post-processing 3D CT techniques, such as maximum intensity projection (MIP), volume rendering (VR), and minimum intensity projection (MinIP) images, are essential for the detailed detection and assessment of the pulmonary vasculature. Materials and methods In this retrospective study, data from 50 patients with suspected PTE were analyzed over a six-month period from March 15 to August 30, 2023, at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital. Patients were selected based on previously recorded clinical symptoms and elevated D-dimer levels. CTPA images, acquired using multi-detector CT imaging with iodinated contrast, were reviewed. Various post-processing techniques were employed, including multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), MIP, MinIP, and VR. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CTPA combined with advanced post-processing techniques in improving early detection, reducing diagnostic time, and increasing accuracy through the detailed visualization of the pulmonary arterial vasculature. Results The study included patients aged from 10 years to70 years, with the highest prevalence of PTE in the 21-35-year age group (46%). Males constituted 56% of the cases. CTPA with advanced post-processing techniques revealed filling defects in 90% of patients, confirming PTE. MPR, MIP, MinIP, and VR effectively highlighted anatomical structures and thrombi, enhancing diagnostic accuracy. These techniques demonstrated high accuracy in identifying PTE, emphasizing their critical role in the early diagnosis and management of thromboembolic events. Conclusion The findings of the study revealed a relatively high incidence of PTE especially in the 21-35-year age group with a slight male predominance. Thesignificant majority of the patients (90%) had filling defects on their CTPA scan. CTPA, in conjunction with the use of post-processing techniques, the localization of thromboembolism sites, as well as the measurement of thrombus width and length, and the calculation of the percentage of blockage were achieved more easily. This facilitatedaccurate diagnosis, leading to improved patient outcomes.

INDIVIDUAL ARTICLE: NECOM 4: Algorithm Integrating Skincare for the Management of Immunotherapy-Related Cutaneous Adverse Events for Cancer Patients and Survivors.

In the Nordic European Countries, cancer is the leading cause of death. The last decade has brought revolutionizing cancer treatments including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Patients on ICIs have a high risk of developing cutaneous immune-related adverse events. Treating these side effects is of high importance to improve patient's quality of life (QoL) and continue the anti-cancer treatment. The Nordic European Cutaneous Oncodermatology Management (NECOM) project develops tools to prevent and treat cancer therapy-related cutaneous adverse events (cAEs). The first 2 NECOM papers presented various cAEs and skincare regimens involving hygiene, moisturization, sun protection, and camouflage products for preventing and managing cAEs. The NECOM 3 practical algorithm was on the prevention and treatment of acute radiation dermatitis. This NECOM 4 practical algorithm is intended to prevent and manage cutaneous immunotherapy-related adverse events (cirAEs), improving cancer patients' QoL and outcomes. The NECOM advisors discussed the results of a systematic literature review and obtained consensus on the evidence and expert opinion-based practical algorithm for cirAEs to support all healthcare providers treating cancer patients in the Nordic European Countries. The algorithm starts with a simple skincare regimen of cleansing, moisturizing, and protection, followed by the exclusion of severe cutaneous adverse reactions, and then specific interventions to treat the most common cirAEs (pruritus, maculopapular eruption, eczematous eruption, psoriasis, lichenoid eruption, and bullous eruption). CirAEs are the most common side effects induced by ICIs and may lead to cancer treatment interruption or even discontinuation. Patient education on the prevention of cirAEs using a skincare regimen and treatment recommendations given in the NECOM 4 algorithm may help prevent and manage cirAEs and improve the QoL and outcome of patients receiving ICIs. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23:8(Suppl 2):s4-10.