Political Events Research Articles

Цифровая дипломатия в контексте соглашения США и Северной Кореи в мировых медиаресурсах: оценки и особенности

A specific feature of the period of US President Donald Trump’s term of office is his practice of covering current and planned events in international politics both by the United States itself and other countries and international organizations and associations in his unofficial Twitter account, which, however, did not find a large number of followers of such a practice of publicizing foreign policy decisions among politicians of the conditional collective West, and in the media, this practice has received a mixed assessment. In the article, the author examines the phenomenon of “digital diplomacy” and “twitter diplomacy” using the example of coverage of the meeting between D. Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong Un. Based on an analysis of the assessments formulated in the Twitter accounts of North American and European politicians, as well as an analysis of the coverage of the meeting between D. Trump and Kim Jong-Un, held on June 30, 2019. in the demilitarized zone on the 38th parallel of the Korean Peninsula, the author concludes about the ambiguity of such assessments and their significant difference in comparison with those assessments that were posted on Internet resources in the United States and other countries belonging to the conditional West before the meeting of the two leaders and immediately after it took place. It is also noted that the mechanism actively used by D. Trump to announce foreign policy events and intentions without prior coordination with diplomatic structures has not found support in the practice of communication between leaders of states.

Transitivity and Modality in Joe Biden's Justificatory Speeches about the US Withdrawal from Afghanistan: A Critical Discourse Analysis

The purpose of this paper is to critically examine transitivity and modality of the US President Joe Biden's speeches in which he declares the US military's departure from Afghanistan. The stud tries to answer the following questions: 1.What is the dominant type of transitivity process and modality that is used in Biden's speech in order to justify his decision to withdraw and justify the American military's withdrawal? 2.How do transitivity processes and modality reveal the ideological construction in Biden's speeches to justify the American military's withdrawal?. The study concluded that the material process the most frequently and dominantly in his speeches, with a percentage of 35% and a frequency of 63 times, while the verbal process is employed the least, with a percentage of 6% and a frequency of 12 times. Modality of prediction is most frequently, 29 times with a percentage of 59%, whereas the modality of possibility and obligation is used twice with a percentage of 4%.It is concluded that material process is used most frequently whereas the verbal process is used least frequently to enforce the idea that action, not words, is what he is known for. It is also concluded that the modality of prediction most frequently to impose the idea that US is comprehending very well the political and military events.

Механизмы разрешения конфликтов в системе взаимодействий политических картин мира

Modern political reality is like an unregulated crossroads where even unspoken norms are no longer respected. This situation leads to difficulties in understanding each other by political actors. The rules of the game become dependent on the initial subjective attitudes and political pictures of the world of political decision-makers. The system of interactions of political pictures of the world is increasingly acquiring a conflict character. Under such conditions, the interpretation and forecasting of political events and situations becomes a difficult task. The issue of formation of scientifically based mechanisms for resolving conflict interactions of political pictures of the world becomes topical. The author analyses such models of interactions from the position of the theory of action and the theory of communicative action. The mechanisms of conflict prevention of political pictures of the world are embodied in a variety of interactive actions manifested in the activities of political institutions. The models of such compensatory interactions are strategic, normative and communicative actions of actors of political pictures of the world.

Economic Tremors From a Perfect Storm: The Ukrainian Crisis and Its Impact on Regional Stock Market Volatility

This study investigates the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on stock market volatility in neighboring countries, analyzing five stock market indices (BET, BUX, WIG, SAX, and MOEX) over a three-year period encompassing one year before and two years after the conflict’s outbreak. Employing four volatility estimators (Close-to-Close, Parkinson, Garman-Klass, and Rogers-Satchell), this research examines the evolution of market volatility and inter-market correlations. Findings reveal a general increase in volatility across most indices following the war’s commencement, with the MOEX index experiencing the highest turbulence. The concept of a “proximity penalty” is partially supported, as geographical closeness to the conflict zone does not uniformly correspond to increased volatility. Also, findings show an initial strengthening of correlations between markets in the first year of the war, suggesting a “contagion effect.” However, this is followed by a weakening of correlations in the second year, indicating a potential “decoupling effect” as markets begin to respond more to local economic conditions. These results have significant implications for investors, policymakers, and risk managers, highlighting the need for dynamic portfolio management strategies, tailored policy responses, and flexible risk models that can adapt to changing market conditions during prolonged geopolitical crises. This study contributes to the existing literature by extending the temporal scope of analysis beyond the immediate aftermath of the war’s outbreak and providing insights into the “proximity effect” in the context of a major European conflict. The observed patterns of initial volatility spikes followed by varying degrees of persistence and changing correlation structures offer a nuanced picture of how geopolitical events impact financial markets over time, emphasizing the complex interplay between political events and financial market dynamics. JEL classification: G15, F51 Article History: Received: October 14, 2024; Reviewed: November 27, 2024; Accepted: December 2, 2024; Available online: December 17, 2024.

BRITAIN’S STRIVING FOR GREATNESS:ITS REFLECTION IN LANGUAGE AND POLITICS

This paper is an interdisciplinary study of British political discourse. It attempts to examine how British greatness emerged and developed over the centuries. Changes in the official use of British terminology are highlighted as a reflection of dwindling historical greatness: the British Empire > The British Commonwealth (1931); The British Commonwealth > The Commonwealth (1949); Great Britain > Britain (UK for short). The idea of British greatness flourished during the Brexit period (2016–2020). Special attention is paid to stylistic changes in Brexit discourses, reflecting political events and developments. My analysis discloses the role of frequent creative use of phraseological units, e. g., a leap in the dark, to eat one’s cake and have it, to kick the can down the road etc. It offers insight into sustained creative use of metaphor as a reflection of painful and tortuous processes. I rely on findings of cognitive linguistics on thought and language [Gibbs 1999: 16–23].This paper aims to explore the notion of British greatness, its origin and development over centuries, and the role it has played in Brexit-related events and processes. The study focuses on the interplay of history, politics and language, illustrating how figurative expressions are ingrained in a nation’s cultural fabric and linguistic landscape.

On the issue of a working model for modernizing the Unified State Exam to overcome inequality of access to higher education

The study formulates approaches to determining inequality of access to higher education through regionally determined choice of subjects and Unified State Exam results. The dependence of the choice and results of the Unified State Exam on the quality of education and innovative development of regions is presented. Indicators of inequality are the distribution of students according to “success cohorts” when passing the Unified State Exam and the choice of subject by students to take, and the average score in the region. Quantitative characteristics of the choice of basic and specialized mathematics and other academic subjects by students in the regions are presented. The calculations used data from the entire population of applicants in 2019 and 2020; accordingly, the conclusions of the article relate to the period until 2021. The problem of increasing the efficiency of the Unified State Examination is objective and has matured before the political events associated with the departure from the Bologna system in 2022. It is noted that Olympiads and additional internal university tests are not an alternative to the Unified State Exam. Based on the goals of leveling regional inequality, a variant of the model for modernizing the Unified State Examination with an objective assessment procedure is proposed– a remote creative exam using the existing infrastructure of examination points and video communication. Due to the random assignment of tasks and assessing experts from different regions, universities, organizations, remote creative exam retains the advantages of the Unified State Exam, comparability of results is achieved, corruption and the possibility of “training” for certain types of answers are eliminated. A person assesses the exam results: a teacher at a general education organization or university, the head of a government agency or enterprise. The examination model includes the advantages of Olympiads and internal university examinations without their corruption-prone components. The article notes that any innovation in the field of final/entrance examinations must necessarily go through testing and experimentation with a gradual increase in coverage and adjustment of the applied methods and procedures based on the results of professional discussion.

AТЕНТАТ НА МИЛАНА СТОЈАДИНОВИЋА 1936. ГОДИНЕ: СЛОМ И ВАСКРС ЈУГОСЛОВЕНСКЕ НАЦИОНАЛНЕ СТРАНКЕ

This article aims to shed light on the political background and consequences of the attempted assassination of the President of the Yugoslav Government, Milan Stojadinović, by MP Damjan Arnautović. Special attention will be devoted to the influence that this event had on the further fate and development of the Yugoslav National Party. Arnautović’s act represented the culmination of several months of conflicts and behind-the-scenes battles tha accompanied the liquidation of the monarchical dictatorship regime and the strengthening of the new ruling group gathered around the Yugoslav Radical Union. The paper shows both sides of this political reckoning and gives enough space to future researchers, who may shed a different light on the event of 6 March 1936.

Representation at Risk: Evaluating Levels and Consequences of Violence against Immigrant-Background Politicians

Politicians are increasingly subjected to violence, both online and offline. Recent studies highlight a gendered pattern to this violence. But, as societies diversify and minorities increasingly hold political office, we have yet to assess whether members of these groups face disproportionate levels of violence. Our research investigates levels and types of violence against immigrant background politicians in Sweden, where over one-third is either foreign-born or has a foreign-born parent, using a unique three-wave survey ( $ N=23,000 $ ) on Swedish elected officials. Across every form of violence examined, politicians with immigrant backgrounds report experiencing significantly more physical and psychological violence than their counterparts. These experiences are not without political consequence: immigrant background politicians, and among them especially women, are significantly more likely than their counterparts to consider exiting politics due to harassment. Together, these findings suggest that violence may be driving this already underrepresented group of immigrant background politicians out of office.

The concept of the strategic state: An assessment after 30 years

AbstractThe strategic state was conceptualised 30 years ago in response to neoliberal reforms of government and the rise of New Public Management that began in Western democracies in the 1980s. The concept was widely used by the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development in assessing the performance of governments through the 2000s. This research note describes how the concept has evolved, lessons learned from the application of the concept over the last 20 years, and some new developments that affirm the continuing relevance of the concept but also make its practical application more challenging.Points for practitioners The strategic state is a well‐established concept of long‐term, outcomes‐based government. It is pertinent to contemporary debates around mission‐driven government and wellbeing approaches to government. The strategic state requires long‐term and sustained investment in strategic capabilities, in part to mitigate against electoral pressures. Secondly, it requires a connection from strategy to action through clear accountability processes for both individuals and organisations including appropriate budgeting and evaluation mechanisms. Thirdly, a successful strategic state requires effective collaboration between different levels of government. This can be supported through a relational approach to public service design and delivery. Challenges to the strategic state include increased turbulence from political events, economic crises, the climate emergency, and the rise of artificial intelligence; the erosion of public trust in government and social cohesion combined with the rise of populist movements; and a decay in the media environment with increasing public alienation and polarisation in political debate.

Радянська політика аграрного виснаження України: голод 1946–1947 рр.

In the conditions of war, the issue of food security of the population is urgent and important. Ukrainian historical experience contains dramatic pages of post-war famine. It is necessary to analyze the reasons and actions that caused it in order to avoid such a social catastrophe. The object of the study is the economy of Ukraine after the end of the Second World War. The subject of the study is the reasons, political and economic determinants and consequences of the famine of 1946–1947. The purpose of the article is to identify the economic reasons of the famine based on a comprehensive analysis of the events that took place on the eve of and during 1946–1947. Methodological approaches are determined by the content of the article and are based on interdisciplinary techniques. The research methods of economic history, demography, social psychology and the corresponding categorical apparatus are used. First, the prerequisites for the emergence of famine are considered, namely the consequences of the Second World War for the Ukrainian economy and the weather and climate conditions of that period. In the second part of the article, the main events and reasons that led to the emergence of famine after the Second World War are given directly. The third part is dedicated to revealing the short- and long-term consequences of the famine of 1946–1947. In the results, it is determined that economic policy measures caused the transformation of the food crisis into a humanitarian disaster. Objective prerequisites and political and economic causes of famine are distinguished.

Market Reaction to the 2024 Election Results: Prabowo-Gibran's Presidential Announcement

This study examines the capital market's reaction to the announcement of Prabowo-Gibran’s victory in the 2024 Indonesian presidential election by the General Elections Commission (KPU) using event study methodology. The research focuses on abnormal returns, trading volume activity (TVA), and security return variability (SRV) of companies listed in the LQ-45 index. Data was collected for an event window spanning five days before and after the announcement. The results show no significant changes in abnormal returns, indicating that the market had already priced in the expected outcome prior to the official announcement. Trading volume activity increased slightly but this change was also not statistically significant,suggesting that the announcement did not introduce substantial new information. Similarly, SRV decreased slightly but not significantly, pointing to a relatively stable market reaction. The findings align with the Efficient Market Hypothesis, suggesting that the market had already absorbed the election outcome based on early survey data. These results contrast with previous studies that identified significant market reactions to political events, highlighting the unique nature of investor behavior in this particular event.

Risk Perceptions of Misinformation Exposure Across Platforms, Issues, Modalities, and Countries: A Comparative Study Across the Global North and South

Mis- and disinformation have been associated with detrimental political consequences, such as increasing ideological and epistemic polarization. Yet, we know little about how people perceive the risks of misinformation across countries and domains of information. As holding high-risk perceptions of encountering misinformation across domains may result in high levels of media cynicism and uncertainty, it is important to explore news users’ relative risk perceptions related to mis- and disinformation. Therefore, this article relies on original survey data collected in seven countries: Argentina ( N = 507), Brazil ( N = 650), Chile ( N = 485), Mexico ( N = 461), the United States ( N = 521), Spain ( N = 576), and the Netherlands ( N = 518) (total N = 3,718). Main findings indicate that news users arrive at high estimates of mis- and disinformation’s proportion across all countries. Although higher-risk information domains (i.e., political advertising) are generally more likely to be associated with misinformation than lower-risk domains (i.e., scientific evidence), our findings foreground important country-level differences that relate to varying levels of resilience across the seven democracies studied. Our findings offer important evidence for the relative assessments of risk related to misinformation across contexts that vary on vulnerability to the threats of misinformation.

Postantropocentryczny demos i porządek obywatelski

THE POST-ANTHROPOCENTRIC DEMOS AND CIVIC ORDER The aim of this article is to hermeneutically analyse the narratives associated with the post-anthropocentric turn and their implications for the transformation of political and civic order. These issues can be situated within a framework of broad political thought and theory based on the work of Rosi Braidotti, Karen Barad, Donna Haraway, Bruno Latour, or Michel Serres. Emphasising multispecies justice, the demands of post-humanist positions and adjustments to social theory refer to a concern for a stable future of human and non-human collectivities. They concern the expansion of the public sphere and the political emancipation of hitherto marginalised peripheral actors, reclaiming as they do their voice. This non-anthropocentric point of view refers to elements of nature as well as the technological world gaining legal status. This raises the question of its political consequences for society and the civil order. It involves the restoration or granting of legal and moral subjectivity to non-human entities. Will the next step, therefore, also be to give them political subjectivity and a revolution to match the new social contract? The structure of the text addresses issues such as the evolution of civil society, the possibilities and consequences of moving beyond the category of anthropos, the proposal of monism as ontological egalitarianism, the presentation of examples of non-human actors in the public sphere and Latour’s project of a parliament of things – the pluriversum.

“Your house won’t be yours anymore!” Effects of Misinformation, News Use, and Media Trust on Chile’s Constitutional Referendum

News consumption and voting behavior are interlinked and particularly important in elections where traditional political cleavages are not easily applicable. This relationship becomes more complex and uncertain in contexts of low trust in the news media and high levels of misinformation circulating in different news ecosystems. In this study, we test an indirect path between differentiated news media consumption and voting choices, mediated by belief in misinformation, and moderated by news media trust. Our data come from a two-wave panel survey of 1,332 respondents, conducted in Chile before and after the 2022 Constitutional Referendum, a political event that captured international attention after a constitutional proposal was rejected in a process initiated with high public support. Our analyses found that news media consumption significantly affected voting preferences in the referendum, not only indirectly through the acceptance of misinformation, but also directly, suggesting that news organizations might act, intentionally or not, as soundboards of misinformation. These findings suggest that countries with enough press freedom to rely on the news media to be informed but also a high concentration of ownership, topics, and angles covered, might become fertile soil for misinformation to spread in the form of professional news coverage, instead of fabricated, easy-to-spot fake pieces circulating in dubious websites or on social media.

Doing News Coverage Through Scripture: A Critical Analysis of Intertextuality and Metaphors in Aljazeera Media Discourse

The current paper is a critical cognitive corpus-based analysis of Aljazeera Arabic news reports that have utilized the Qur’anic scripture in an implicit way to report on political events that took place in Egypt in 2011. While it is well-known in academic research that intertextuality can be determined by metaphors in media discourse (Semino, 2008; Otaif, 2015), the current paper found that intertextuality can also constitute a main discourse metaphor that serves as an effective discursive tool to influence or manufacture the public ideological stance and consent to social events. The findings raise ethical concerns over the use of the Qur’anic scripture in political news discourse and call for further critical research.

A Critical Discourse Analysis of Imam Ali's (PBUH) Sermon during the Kharijites' Sedition

Critical discourse analysis (ACD) is a qualitative approach to text analysis that stresses the dynamic interaction between the text and its context. The current study tries to investigate the three levels of interaction between Imam Ali (PBUH) and Kharijites—description, interpretation, and explanation adapting a descriptive-analytical method of Fairclough's theory. This study first focuses on the linguistic and rhetorical devices used in Imam`s sermons. Secondly, It exposes the betrayal of the Kharijites and the frustration of their confrontation with the dominant ideology of power in society. The results explain Imam Ali's ideological conflict with the Kharijites` ideology in his sermons, how he affects social and political events in society, and how he affects Kharijites` discourse.

Socioeconomic, political and environmental consequences on the use of fossil energy in road transport: A case study of the truck drivers’ strike in São Paulo, Brazil

Socioeconomic, political and environmental consequences on the use of fossil energy in road transport: A case study of the truck drivers’ strike in São Paulo, Brazil

Digitized Disciplinary System and Social Disenchantment An Analysis of Chinas Social Credit System

With the advancement in technology and big data in recent years, disciplinary systems present an increasing tendency towards digitization. Chinas digital Social Credit system, established to evaluate individuals, businesses, and local institutions trustworthiness, serves as a typical model. Through the lens of Michel Foucaults account of disciplinary power and Max Webers account of rationality and disenchantment, the paper is directed to analyze Chinas digital credit systems implications on the publics moral governance rights. Admittedly, the digital scoring system offers advantages in regard to social stability and public utility; it is suitable to Chinas ideological, historical, and geographical character. However, its digital mass surveillance, through fusing value and instrumental rationality and oversimplifying morality, aggravates the spiritual crisis of disenchantment. In return, the collective disenchantment of the public leads to problematic social and political consequences. In response, the paper offers legislative and propagandize related policy suggestions to allay the undesirable outcomes of digital discipline.

Compelled Speech at Work: Employer Mobilization as a Threat to Employee Speech Rights

AbstractEmployers often encourage, incentivize, or even require their employees to engage in politics in a variety of ways. For example, employers often encourage employees to vote, press employees to support particular political candidates or policies, require employees to participate in political events, or ask employees to contact elected officials to advocate for the employer’s interests. Such practices are all forms of employer mobilization. This essay considers the threat that employer mobilization poses to employees’ speech rights, specifically employees’ right against compelled speech. I argue that employer mobilization practices are liable to infringe on employees’ right against compelled speech when three conditions are met: (1) the employer asks or encourages employees to express a particular political message that is inconsistent with some employees’ beliefs and values; (2) the employer forces some employees to express the employer’s message; and (3) the employees are not employed in a role or an organization in which expressing or supporting such messages is an essential part of the job.

The Impact of Russia-Ukraine Conflict on the Sales of Electric Vehicles in China

The Ukraine conflict has had a unique impact on EV sales growth in China, a key market for EV innovation and adoption. This study explores the correlation between geopolitical tensions and the surge in EV sales in China. Utilizing time series analysis methods, this paper assesses EV sales trends before and during the conflict. Coincidentally, the findings suggest that the conflict is driving growth in EV sales, likely due to a combination of factors, including increased awareness of energy security, a shift to sustainable transportation, and government incentives aimed at supporting the domestic EV industry. Quantitative analysis using an ARIMA model reveals that EV sales experienced an estimated increase of approximately 15% within the first six months following the onset of the conflict compared to pre-conflict projections. This significant uptick underscores how external geopolitical events can catalyze shifts in consumer behavior toward more sustainable alternatives. While sales are growing, the study also points to potential challenges such as supply chain disruptions and rising costs that could impact long-term growth. These challenges highlight the complex interplay between global political events and domestic market trends. The findings advise policymakers and industry players to remain vigilant and proactive to ensure continued growth in Chinas EV industry amidst these evolving dynamics.