Events In India Research Articles

Assessment of landslide susceptibility in the Himalayan state of Tripura, India, using a Multi-Model Approach

Landslides are the down slope mass movement of soil, rocks, and debris due to a natural or human activities resulting in widespread hazard events in India. The most affected areas comprise 15 percent of its landmass which includes Tripura and eleven Himalayan states and parts of the Western and Eastern Ghats in India. In Tripura, landslides cause road blockage and destruction of settlements, bringing economic and life losses in every year. Thus, this research is focused on identifying landslide susceptible zones and the significant causative factors behind landslides. Assessment of Landslide Susceptibility (LS) identifies fifteen major causative factors under five broad groups; topographic, geotechnical, hydrological, environmental, and anthropogenic. With application of Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), Frequency Ratio (FR), and Random Forest (RF)-based models were performed to extract landslide susceptible zonation map for Tripura. This study reveals that the successive hill ranges formed by young sedimentary lithologic formations associated with deforestation, heavy rainfall during monsoon, and anthropogenic activities (road constructions and jhumming) are the responsible geo-conditions for triggering landslides. In this study, while the AHP and FR model show only 1.95% and 11.46% confined along the hilltop of Jampui, Sakhan, and Longtarai, the RF model designated Tripura’s 30% land area as high and very high landslide susceptible zones (LSZ), predominantly over hills, foothills, and low laying undulating land (tillas). For the accuracy assessment, the ROC curve is used, which shows that RF model appears to be the maximum accurate (0.810) one, followed by FR (0.806) and AHP (0.744).

The Ability and Tasks of Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Events in India a Global Scenario

Clinical trials are the first stage of pharmacovigilance, which continues until the medication is put on the market. Social media's introduction provides access to healthcare data that hasn't been vetted by conventional techniques of data collection. Enhancing clinical and scientific understanding of pharmacovigilance could be greatly aided by using natural language processing tools to retrieve patient reports of adverse medication occurrences from social media. Signal detection encompasses all side effects connected to a medication. The primary goal of the study is to extract information from the FAERS data, which includes both organized and unstructured patient information on prior adverse drug reactions. The study examines how the side effects of acetaminophen and ibuprofen are extracted and managed using the proper techniques.

Adverse events in India’s Ayush interventions for cervical and lumbar spondylosis: a systematic review

IntroductionLow back and neck pain are common musculoskeletal disorders with multiple treatment options. India’s traditional medical systems, known as Ayush (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa-Rigpa and Homoeopathy) offer range of interventions and are widely used. In view of limited documentation of adverse events following Ayush interventions for lumbar and cervical spondylosis, we synthesized evidence and estimated proportion of studies reporting adverse events.MethodsWe systematically searched all published documents from biomedical and multidisciplinary abstract and citation databases and Ayush-specific repositories from their inception to April 2021. We selected studies as per inclusion criteria and extracted information, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. We systematically reviewed the qualitative evidence form the selected studies.ResultsMajority (94%) of the selected 113 studies were interventional studies and included 77 (68.1%) journal articles and 35 (31%) academic dissertations. Among the Ayush systems, considerable proportion was from Ayurveda (32.7%), followed by Siddha (24.8%), Yoga (22.1%), Unani (15.9%) and Homoeopathy (4.4%). Almost three-fourths of the studies were on lumbar spondylosis (65%; n = 74), followed by cervical spondylosis (31%; n = 35), and the remaining four included both. Thirteen percent of the 113 studies described adverse events [Yoga = 9.7%; Unani = 1.8% and Homoeopathy = 1.8%]. More adverse events were reported among the studies on lumbar (9.7%) than cervical spondylosis (2.7%). The nature of interventions were non-pharmacological (10.6%; n = 12), pharmacological (n = 2; 1.8%) or combined (n = 1; 0.9%).ConclusionsOnly one in eight studies reported any adverse event following Ayush interventions for cervical and lumbar spondylosis. There could be certain degree of underreporting of adverse events and requires further exploration.PROSPERO Registration ID CRD42020167433.

“Make way poet, jaywalking”: Play and irony in Arun Kolatkar’s work

ABSTRACT While Arun Kolatkar’s modernist and experimental modes have received critical attention, his application of irony remains under-researched. This article argues that his playful and ironic registers are a form of experimental modernism, employed to address socio-historical phenomena in South Asia. The self-aware irony in Kolatkar’s early work anticipates the use of personae in his later works. His poetry assumes the postcolonial stance of empowering the tyrannized. He ironizes from the perspective of the feminine and non-human to assess foundational myths and 20th-century events in India. As an ironist, Kolatkar acknowledges the speaker’s authoritative position in the text and strives to diminish hierarchies between the ironist and subject. Through textual analysis of the poet’s works, this article demonstrates that the purpose of Kolatkar’s critique and his attention to landscape is to challenge divisive and conservative ideologies that perpetuate conflict and to foreground the resilience of individuals in South Asia.

Examining the moderating effect of host country image on the relationship between tourists’ motivation and their intention to visit mega sporting events in India

This study uses the self-determination theory of motivation to examine the impact of tourists’ motivations on their intention to attend mega sporting events held in a developing nation such as India. The present study utilized partial least square-based structural equation modeling to examine the proposed hypotheses. The data for this study were collected from a sample of 348 international visitors who visited India in January 2023 to attend the fifteenth edition of the Hockey World Cup. The results of this study have validated that the two elements of extrinsic motivation, specifically perceived benefit and perceived risk, exert a substantial influence on visitors’ propensity to visit India. Similarly, the intrinsic travel motivation elements of cultural experience and self-accomplishment are found to positively influence the visit intention of international tourists seeking to partake in the Hockey World Cup in India. On the other hand, the cosmopolitanism dimension of intrinsic drive does not have a statistically significant impact on the intention of these tourists to visit India. This study additionally verified that the perception of a country strongly influences the relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic motivational factors and the tourist’s intention to visit India.

Acquisition of disability after age 50 following extreme urban coastal flooding events in India

Acquisition of disability after age 50 following extreme urban coastal flooding events in India

Hate Speech Events in India— Report 2023

Hate Speech Events in India— Report 2023

The Islamic effect: Exploring the dynamics of Islamic events on sustainable performance of Islamic and conventional stock markets

This study attempts to investigate the effects of Islamic events on both Islamic and conventional stock markets and analyze which market reacts more pronouncedly to these events. From 2012 to 2022, the research used daily stock return data from eight nations: Kuwait, India, Nigeria, Malaysia, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. The study examines how Islamic holidays such as Ashura, Eid Meelad ul Nabi, Eid ul Azha, and Ramadan affect both Islamic and Western stock markets. The researchers use the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (GARCH) model to analyze the data. The results of this analysis show that Islamic events in India, Nigeria, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Qatar have a strong and favorable link with Islamic stock returns. However, it was discovered that there is a little correlation between Islamic events and Islamic stock returns in the remaining three nations. The study also reveals a strong and favorable correlation between Islamic events and conventional stock performance in all countries. By offering a comparative analysis of the effect of Islamic events on Islamic stock markets and mainstream stock markets, these findings add to the body of current material. Every religion has its own set of rituals that its adherents observe, and these rituals frequently have an impact on different economic and non-economic activities. This study sheds light on the precise connection between these events and stock market performance by examining the impact of Islamic occasions on both Islamic and conventional stock markets.

Adverse COVID-19 Vaccination-Related Events in India: A Cross-sectional Study Using Machine Learning to Predict Their Severity

Adverse COVID-19 Vaccination-Related Events in India: A Cross-sectional Study Using Machine Learning to Predict Their Severity

A Narrative Review on Nutritional Strategies for Ultra-endurance Cyclists: Emphasising Requirements for Brevet de Randonneurs Events in India

Ultra-endurance cycling, particularly in events such as the Brevet de Randonneurs Mondiaux (BRMs), demands exceptional physical exertion and sustained energy management. In India, BRMs events, which span distances of 200 to 1000 kilometres, pose unique challenges for cyclists, necessitating prolonged physical preparation and consistent performance under demanding conditions. Nutrition plays a critical role in optimising energy availability, enhancing recovery and sustaining performance throughout these events. Despite the wealth of information available through social media, there remains a significant gap in scientifically grounded nutritional guidance specifically tailored to ultra-endurance cyclists. The aim of the present narrative review is to highlight the critical nutritional requirements and strategies essential for ultra-endurance cyclists participating in BRMs events. The review emphasises the need for evidence-based dietary practices to support optimal performance and recovery while addressing the current gap in scientific understanding. It also provides practical, research-informed nutritional guidance for athletes involved in these ultraendurance events. Pre-event preparation focuses on carbohydrate loading, hydration and balanced nutrition to maximise glycogen stores and ensure optimal hydration. During the event, continuous carbohydrate intake, electrolyte replenishment and hydration are critical for maintaining energy levels and preventing dehydration. Post-event recovery emphasises protein consumption for muscle repair, glycogen replenishment and rehydration. The findings underscore the importance of tailored nutritional strategies for ultraendurance cyclists to achieve optimal performance and recovery. Despite the abundance of general information available, there is a clear need for more research-based, practical nutritional guidelines specifically for ultra-endurance cycling. Future research should address this gap to provide athletes with evidence-based recommendations that support their unique nutritional needs.

Survey of the Beneficial Flowers Available in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India

The flora of an area is considered a vital part of the environment, regulating the prosperity of the biosphere and people's health. It is highly suggested that the proper utilization of plant resources in each part of a country has been useful in conserving the availability and productivity of the flora. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the survey of the beneficial flowers available in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India, from December 2019 to February 2020. The survey studies were divided into four different zones in Coimbatore District: Perur, Ganapathy, Thudiyalur, and Periyanaickenpalayam, respectively. The survey resulted in the collection of 40 plant species belonging to 38 genera, dispersed over 25 families of flowering plants / angiosperms. The dominant families were Apocynaceae and Oleaceae when compared to other families. This study reveals that species such as Calotropis gigantean, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Couroupita guianensis, Nerium oleander, Nyctanthes arbortristis, Nelumbo nucifera, and Tabernaemontana divaricata were used as ritual flowers. The beneficial flowers showed a maximum for ornamental flowers (43 percent), followed by ritual flowers (35 percent), medicinal flowers (15 percent), and cooking flowers (7 percent), respectively. The highest blooming of the flowers (14.89 percent) occurred in March, and the lowest in November and December. Flowers were documented as having economic value, with the highest rate in Rosa sp., and Jasminum sp., which were used as ornamental, medicinal, and cosmetic preparations as valuable resources. Scientific key information on taxonomy and technical approaches to beneficial flowers was analyzed. Flowers play a vital role in human life from birth to death and are used in all auspicious events in India, especially in daily prayers in temples and Indian households.

Exploring cause-specific strategies for suicide prevention in India: A multivariate VARMA approach

Efficiently predicting suicide rates aids resource allocation and response preparedness. This study investigates time-series data with multiple variables to model and forecast suicide events in India. Utilizing official suicide statistics (2001–2021), results highlight the superiority of the multivariate VARMA model over VAR and univariate ARIMA models. This approach uncovers overlooked patterns and a concerning upward trend in future Indian suicide incidents. The research provides insights that aid public health professionals in targeting high-need areas and enhancing readiness and suggests cause-specific preventive strategies to counter this trend.

Unveiling an Environmental Drought Index and its applicability in the perspective of drought recognition amidst climate change

As a complex natural disaster, drought encompasses significant and wide-ranging impacts on various environmental aspects. While meteorological, hydrological, agricultural, and socioeconomic droughts have been extensively studied, the scientific understanding of environmental droughts (the proposed fifth classification) remains relatively limited, hampering practical assessment efforts. To address this gap, the present study, for the first time, conducted a rigorous assessment of the applicability of a novel method, namely the heuristic method, in conjunction with a newly developed Environmental Drought Index (EDI). The present study thoroughly analyzed environmental drought events in India's Brahmani River basin, specifically focusing on the Jaraikela catchment. Firstly, the Minimum in-stream Flow Requirement (MFR) was determined using Tennant’s method to synthetically estimate discharge rates to maintain the optimum flow range during the historical period (1980–2014). Secondly, Drought Duration Length (DDL) was calculated by counting consecutive water deficit months with negative monthly Streamflow Rate (SFR) and MFR differences. Three General Circulation Models (GCMs) output ensembles, namely EC-Earth3, MPI-ESM1-2-HR, and MRI-ESM2-0, participating in CMIP-6, were used for past (1980–2014) and future periods (FP-1: 2015–2022, FP-2: 2023–2045) under emission scenarios SSP245 and SSP585. The HydroClimatic Conceptual Streamflow (HCCS) model was employed to simulate the historical and future SFR. Thirdly, the largest water deficit magnitude during DDL was used to estimate the Water Shortage Level (WSL). Finally, integrating DDL and WSL provided the EDI for each environmental drought event. Results demonstrated a strong correspondence between the simulated EDI obtained using MPI-ESM1-2-HR under SSP585 and the observed EDI values, thereby indicating the credibility of the EDI in assessing environmental droughts. Furthermore, the study found severe droughts (i.e., EDI-3) dominating (71–73% of all droughts; occurring during non-monsoonal months) during FP-2 under SSP585 across all three GCMs, differing from moderate droughts in SSP245 of FP-2, both scenarios of FP-1, and the historical period. Based on the findings, the study finally proposed several adaptive measures to mitigate the impacts of increasing environmental drought events in the catchment.

Surface latent and sensible heat trigger flash drought events in India

AbstractThe flash drought has gained widespread attention as a result of its rapid onset with severe impacts. However, a comprehensive assessment of different flash droughts based on various modulators is not carried out over India to date. Here, we attempt to answer the following research questions, (i) What is the status of different flash drought events due to soil moisture percentile drop (SMPD), standardized evaporative stress ratio (SESR), heat‐wave‐driven (HWD) and precipitation‐deficit‐driven (PDD) in India? (ii) How are these flash droughts distributed across India concerning occurrences, areal coverage, and persistence? (iii) What are the dominant factors that trigger different types of flash droughts? Lindeman, Merenda and Gold (LMG) method is used to examine the dominant factor. We find that PDD flash drought is noticed for the maximum time during 1959–2020. The SMPD flash drought occurrence is observed over northern parts of India. Mostly, Rabi and Zaid seasons experience the incidence of SMPD, SESR, and PDD flash drought conditions. However, HWD flash drought in more than 50% of the states is prominent in the Kharif season. The areal coverage shows a decreasing trend in the cases of SMPD, SESR, and PDD flash drought events. However, HWD flash drought condition has shown an increasing trend. The maximum percentage of SMPD and SESR flash drought events persisted for three to six pentads and five to eight pentads after the onset, respectively. For HWD and PDD flash droughts, most of the events last only for one to two pentads. The sensible heat flux and latent heat flux are responsible for triggering the flash drought events over most of parts in India.

Social utility of Bhakti movement

Bhakti movement is known as a major event in India. Bhakti movement is special among various reformist movements. It seems that no other movement has influenced the society as much as this movement. Shankaracharya's name is also included among the best thinkers of this movement. Along with this, the names of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, Namdev, Tukaram, Jaydev are also prominent among the saints who gave it momentum. Ramanand centered this movement on the Brahma form of Ram. His time is considered to be the first half of the fifteenth century. His main teaching was that salvation can be attained by meditating and chanting the name of Lord Ram. The main part of his sadhana is love for Ram. Similarly, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu awakened the spirit of Krishna devotion in the sixteenth century.

Multi‐index characterization of compound dry hot events in India

AbstractCompound dry hot events (CDHEs), where hot events and droughts coexist, have received a lot of attention lately due to their catastrophic effects on the economy, environment and human health. In this study, we use two CDHE indices, the Standardized Compound Event Indicator (SCEI) and the Standardized Dry and Hot Index (SDHI), to assess changes in CDHE characteristics (severity, frequency, spatial extent) over the historical past and future CMIP6 simulations across the Indian subcontinent. To understand the role of the drought index selected on CDHE characterization two drought indices namely the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) are employed in the calculation of the CDHE indices. Further, the role of climatic oscillations such as El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Equatorial Indian Ocean Monsoon Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole in modulating CDHE characteristics have also been explored. Results show that SPI and SPEI based CDHE indices exhibit contrasting trends in northern India, while similar trends are observed in southern India in the historical past. Also, more frequent, extended, and severe CDHEs are reported by CDHE indices calculated using SPEI than by SPI. Temperature is found to be the dominant factor contributing to increases in CDHEs in the recent past and ENSO phases significantly modulate the severity and frequency of CDHE events in India. CMIP6 simulations generally report an increase in CDHE events for a 3°C global warming scenario. Overall, our findings show that the choice of the drought index has a greater impact on CDHE characterization than the choice of the CDHE index itself. Results from this study provide useful information towards understanding the risk of CDHEs in India under global warming and urge for the development and implementation of adaptation and mitigation measures.

A real-world observational study to evaluate dyslipidemia management in patients with first acute coronary event in India

A real-world observational study to evaluate dyslipidemia management in patients with first acute coronary event in India

Impact of early heat anomalies on urban tree cooling efficiency: Evidence from spring heatwave events in India

India’s heat waves have recently led to huge losses to the natural ecosystem and human society, and are projected to occur earlier and more frequently in the future. Frequent heat waves around the world in recent years highlight the emerging need for heat mitigation in sustainable urban development. Urban greening has been widely recognized as an effective nature-based solution to mitigate thermal stress. However, knowledge of how recent early heat anomalies affect the growth of urban trees and their cooling efficiency (CE) remains unclear. To inform this issue, here we compared the trees’ growth status and CE in 2022 spring heatwave period to that of the same period in 2019–2021 in New Delhi and Haryana, India as a natural experiment, to investigate the relationship between early heat anomalies and urban trees’ CE. Results showed that (1) the 2022 warm spring increased the greenness (reflected by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index-NDVI) of urban trees and advanced urban trees’ growing stage, but more warming effects of urban trees with higher coverage were observed, which is related to the water use. (2) Interannual pattern of the urban trees’ CE in 2022 was different from that of 2019–2021, which is attributed to the changing meteorological variables, i.e., air temperature, precipitation and wind speed from global model Climate Forecast System (CFS), especially the air temperature, and the biophysical responses of trees, using evapotranspiration (ET) as a proxy. We advocate planting more trees in areas with low tree cover percentage, equitable water usage within cities, and more effective thermal mitigation measures are expected to play a sustainable and significant role at the forefront of climate change’s worst impacts. Meanwhile, local trait database and field observation data are essential for the selection of urban trees adaptable and climatically useful in extreme heat events in Indian cities.

Analysis of criminal spatial events in india using exploratory data analysis and regression

Crime against women (CAW) in India is the violence against women that is at par in previous years. India is densely populated has added to the figures of crime against women. This paper aims at study of crime against women dataset given by NCRB (National Crime Record Bureau) from 2001 to 2020 for all the 27 states and 9 union territories. EDA (exploratory data analysis) with linear regression is a powerful combination for understanding the relationship between various factors and the incidence of crime against women. EDA is a process of analysing and summarizing the main characteristics of a data set through visualizations, descriptive statistics, and other techniques. At the same time, linear regression is a statistical method that models the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. India's crime against women dataset on various crime categories under Indian Penal Code (IPC) such as rape, cruelty by husband and his relatives, kidnapping and abduction, dowry deaths, assault on women with intent to outrage her modesty, insult to modesty of women and human trafficking are considered to accomplish this. CRISP-DM methodology allows for a consistent and structured approach to data mining, which reduces the risk of errors and improves the chances of success in predicting crime rate. The proposed model has various data analytics steps to pre-process the datasets and visualize the crime rate. The visualization of data helps to uncover trends present in the crime dataset. The proposed predictive model analyses data and predict crime against women under four IPC categories to give accuracy of 72.29, 92.15, 83.30 and 84.33% respectively.

Connection between male and female characters in the works of Amitav Ghosh and Rohinton Mistry

Amitav Ghosh and Rohinton Mistry are renowned Indian-born authors who have made significant contributions to contemporary literature through their novels. Their works explore a wide range of themes, including colonialism, migration, identity, and politics. One prominent aspect of their writing is the depiction of political identity, which is influenced by various factors such as personal experiences, social status, and historical context. This research paper aims to conduct a comparative study of the portrayal of political identity in the novels of Amitav Ghosh and Rohinton Mistry. The paper will examine selected works from both authors, with a focus on Ghosh's "The Shadow Lines" and Mistry's "A Fine Balance". Through a close analysis of the characters, settings, and plotlines in these novels, the paper will explore how the authors depict political identity in the context of colonialism, post-colonialism, and socio-political events in India. The paper will utilize a combination of literary analysis and socio-political theories to examine how Ghosh and Mistry construct the political identities of their characters. It will investigate how the characters' political identities are shaped by their personal experiences, social backgrounds, and historical circumstances, and how these identities interact with other aspects of their lives, such as their cultural, regional, and gender identities. The paper will also explore how the authors highlight the complexities and nuances of political identity, including the tensions between individual agency and structural constraints, as well as the intersections of various forms of oppression and discrimination. The findings of this research will contribute to the understanding of how political identity is portrayed in contemporary Indian literature and shed light on the works of Ghosh and Mistry as important literary voices in this context. The paper will highlight the similarities and differences in the depiction of political identity in the novels of these two authors, providing insights into their unique perspectives on issues such as colonialism, migration, identity, and politics in India. Overall, this research aims to enrich the discourse on political identity in literature and provide a deeper understanding of the works of Ghosh and Mistry in the socio-political context of India.